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Xi Y, Tian Q, Na B, Han K, Duan M, Zhang X, Wang W, Wang Y. Protocol of the Inner Mongolian Healthy Aging Study (IMAGINS): a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:115. [PMID: 35039022 PMCID: PMC8762848 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of premature mortality and burden of diseases in the world. The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is located in northern China, constitute 17.66% individuals with Mongolian, which have unique diet and lifestyles. Therefore, the Inner Mongolian Healthy Aging Study (IMAGINS) was designed to explore risk factors for chronic diseases and evaluate the effectiveness of health management on CVDs in population at high-risk. METHODS The IMAGINS is an ongoing and prospective cohort study of men and women aged ≥35 years from Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, northern China. This study performed in investigating risk factors for CVDs, screening and providing health management strategy for high-risk population of CVDs. The IMAGINS began in September 2015 and scheduled to recruiting and follow-up outcome until 2030. For general population, a long-term follow-up will be conducted every 5 years to collect the information above and data on clinical outcomes. For high-risk population, comprehensive health managements were performed and scheduled to follow-up annually. All IMAGINS participants are followed for incident CVDs and death. DISCUSSION The IMAGINS is designed to increase understanding how cardiovascular-related risk factors contribute to the development of CVDs and the positive effect of health management strategy for high-risk CVD participants. Key features of this study include (i) a carefully characterized cohort between high risk of CVDs and non-high risk population; (ii) detailed measurement of CVDs risk factors and health management strategies for high risk population; (iii) long-term follow-up of CVDs and death. The IMAGINS represents a good research opportunity to investigate clinical and genetic factors in high-risk population, might providing basis for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xi
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Qiuyue Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 YouanmenXitoutiao, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Buqi Na
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Ke Han
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Mingrui Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 YouanmenXitoutiao, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xingguang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center or Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 YouanmenXitoutiao, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Xu X, Bao H, Tian Z, Zhu H, Zhu L, Niu L, Yan T, Dong H, Fang X, Zhang X. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:525. [PMID: 34736420 PMCID: PMC8567672 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension has always been a worldwide health concern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension among adult residents of northern China, where people usually have a high-fat, high-salt diet and heavy alcohol consumption. Methods Through the Early Screening and Comprehensive Intervention Project for High Risk Groups of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Inner Mongolia of northern China, we collected data of 70,380 residents, from September 2015 to June 2017. We assessed the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the total population and sub-populations. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with the prevalence and control of hypertension. Results Among participants, only 13.4% had optimal blood pressure levels. About 55.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 55.3–56.1%) of the participants had hypertension. In addition, the awareness, treatment, control and control under-treatment rate of hypertension were 52.8% (95%CI = 52.3–53.3%), 43.3% (95%CI = 42.8–43.8%), 8.6% (95%CI = 8.3–8.9%) and 19.8% (95%CI = 19.2–20.4%), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed that older, male, Han, living in rural areas, current drinker, not married, lower educational level, lower annual income, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia were more likely to be suffered from hypertension (P < 0.05). Controlled hypertension was less common in those younger, Mongol, not married, farmer, current drinker, lower educational level, obesity, diabetes, without prior CHD, and without prior CVD (P < 0.05). Conclusion Among populations aged 35–75 years in Northern China, more than half have hypertension, fewer than one-tenth have successfully controlled hypertension, and fewer than one-fifth of hypertension patients receiving treatment have controlled hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Xu
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Bao
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Tian
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhu
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Lige Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Niu
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yan
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairong Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fang
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingguang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Nephrology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
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An C, Zhang K, Su X. SLC12A3 variants modulate LDL cholesterol levels in the Mongolian population. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:29. [PMID: 28166833 PMCID: PMC5294767 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormalities in lipid metabolism are crucial factors in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Variants of many genes have been verified to confer risk for lipid metabolism abnormalities. However, the relationship between genetic variants of the NCC-encoding SLC12A3 gene and lipid metabolism in the Mongolian population remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of SLC12A3 variants on Mongolian lipid metabolism, including total cholesterol (TCHO), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). Methods A randomly selected population of Mongolians (n = 331) from China underwent clinical testing. An ANOVA test, Kruskal-Wallis H test (K-W test) and haplotype analysis were used to evaluate the association between the levels of lipids (TCHO, TG, LDL-c, and HDL-c) and polymorphisms in SLC12A3 loci. Results We identified three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs5803, rs2010501 and rs711746 in the SLC12A3 gene that were significantly associated with an individual’s serum LDL-c level. Haplotypes combining these SNPs also showed the same trend (all p values < 0.01). Furthermore, the influence of SLC12A3 genetic polymorphisms on differences in individual serum LDL-c levels remained significant, even after we controlled gender, and demographic and other non-genetic factors. Conclusion These results suggest that variants of the SLC12A3 gene confer susceptibility to the abnormal serum LDL-c level in the Mongolian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan An
- Clinical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Kejin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Institute of Population and Health, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiulan Su
- Clinical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Li G, Wang H, Wang K, Wang W, Dong F, Qian Y, Gong H, Xu G, Li Y, Pan L, Wang B, Zhu G, Shan G. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and risk factors related to hypertension among urban adults in Inner Mongolia 2014: differences between Mongolian and Han populations. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:294. [PMID: 27036609 PMCID: PMC4818445 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Han and Mongolian populations constitute approximately 96% of the population of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the two ethnic groups have different genetic backgrounds and lifestyle. We aim to assess the prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and related risk factors of hypertension among urban adults in Inner Mongolia, with the comparison of the differences between Mongolian and Han populations in this respect. METHODS Three thousand two hundred fifty-one individuals aged 20-80 years (2326 Han and 925 Mongolian) were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method from Inner Mongolia in 2014. The adjusted prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were evaluated by the Logistic regression. In addition, possible interactions were also tested. When interactions were found significant, strata-specific analysis were performed. Multivariate logistic regression was used for estimating independent associations between risk factors and hypertension. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension was 27.47% for Han population, 31.46% for Mongolian population. The adjusted prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were 26.45, 65.43, 78.24 and 48.28% in Han, and 31.30, 68.22, 85.57 and 50.55% in Mongolian, respectively. There was no significant difference in the adjusted awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among Mongolian and Han adult residents (all P >0.05). Lower prevalence of hypertension was associated with younger age and healthy weight in both Mongolian and Han adults. Within Han adults, high education, moderate physical activity and non-alcohol drinkers were additionally associated with lower prevalence of hypertension, whereas within Mongolian adults, lower prevalence was associated with being female. Among residents with medium education level, nondrinkers had 0.60 times lower odds of having hypertension than current drinkers (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.44-0.82); among residents with high education level, nondrinkers has 0.65 times lower odds of having hypertension than current drinkers (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.97). CONCLUSIONS Mongolian population had a higher prevalence of hypertension than Han population. There were no significant difference between Mongolian and Han population in awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, which suggested that there was no difference between the two ethnicities in the distribution of health resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoju Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Hailing Wang
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010110, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010110, China
| | - Fen Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yonggang Qian
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010110, China
| | - Haiying Gong
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yanlong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Guangjin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Wang L, Dong C, Xi YG, Su X. Thiazide-sensitive Na+-Cl- cotransporter: genetic polymorphisms and human diseases. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:325-34. [PMID: 25841442 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thiazide-sensitive Na(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter (TSC) is responsible for the major sodium chloride reabsorption pathway, which is located in the apical membrane of the epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubule. TSC is involved in several physiological activities including transepithelial ion absorption and secretion, cell volume regulation, and setting intracellular Cl(-) concentration below or above its electrochemical potential equilibrium. In addition, TSC serves as the target of thiazide-type diuretics that are the first line of therapy for the treatment of hypertension in the clinic, and its mutants are also reported to be associated with the hereditary disease, Gitelman's syndrome. This review aims to summarize the publications with regard to the TSC by focusing on the association between TSC mutants and human hypertension as well as Gitelman's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Wang
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Ya-Guang Xi
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Xiulan Su
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
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Zhang F, Yang Y, Hu D, Lei H, Wang Y. Lack of an association between TSC gene Arg904Gln polymorphisms and essential hypertension risk based on a meta-analysis. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:3511-7. [PMID: 23079845 DOI: 10.4238/2012.september.26.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although there have been several studies investigating a possible association between essential hypertension and TSC gene Arg904Gln polymorphisms, the results have been inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis of four case-control studies (one study in Europe and three studies in Asia), including 1811 essential hypertension cases and 1381 controls. The pooled results showed no significant associations between any of these polymorphisms and essential hypertension (allele Arg vs allele Gln: odds ratio (OR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.70-1.27), additive genetic model (Arg/Arg vs Gln/Gln: OR = 0.98, 95%CI = 0.43-2.23), dominant genetic model (Arg/Arg + Arg/Gln vs Gln/ Gln: OR = 0.97, 95%CI = 0.43-2.21), and recessive genetic model (Arg/ Arg vs Arg/Gln + Gln/Gln: OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 0.45-2.35). Based on the results of our meta-analysis, we conclude that the TSC gene Arg904Gln polymorphism is not associated with essential hypertension risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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