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Jang EJ, Lee DH, Im SS, Yee J, Gwak HS. Correlation between PPARG Pro12Ala Polymorphism and Therapeutic Responses to Thiazolidinediones in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1778. [PMID: 37376225 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are a type of oral drug that are utilized for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). They function by acting as agonists for a nuclear transcription factor known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ). TZDs, such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, help enhance the regulation of metabolism in individuals with T2DM by improving their sensitivity to insulin. Previous studies have suggested a relationship between the therapeutic efficacy of TZDs and the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism (C > G, rs1801282). However, the small sample sizes of these studies may limit their applicability in clinical settings. To address this limitation, we conducted a meta-analysis assessing the influence of the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism on the responsiveness of TZDs. Method: We registered our study protocol with PROSPERO, number CRD42022354577. We conducted a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, including studies published up to August 2022. We examined studies investigating the association between the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism and metabolic parameters such as hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and total cholesterol (TC). The mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between pre- and post-drug administration were evaluated. The quality of the studies included in the meta-analysis was assessed by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool for cohort studies. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed by using the I2 value. An I2 value greater than 50% indicated substantial heterogeneity, and a random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. If the I2 value was below 50%, a fixed-effects model was employed instead. Both Begg's rank correlation test and Egger's regression test were performed to detect publication bias, using R Studio software. Results: Our meta-analysis incorporated 6 studies with 777 patients for blood glucose levels and 5 studies with 747 patients for lipid levels. The included studies were published between 2003 and 2016, with the majority involving Asian populations. Five of the six studies utilized pioglitazone, while the remaining study employed rosiglitazone. The quality scores, as assessed with the NOS, ranged from 8 to 9. Patients carrying the G allele exhibited a significantly greater reduction in HbA1C (MD = -0.3; 95% CI = -0.55 to -0.05; p = 0.02) and FPG (MD = -10.91; 95% CI = -19.82 to -2.01; p = 0.02) levels compared to those with the CC genotype. Furthermore, individuals with the G allele experienced a significantly larger decrease in TG levels than those with the CC genotype (MD = -26.88; 95% CI = -41.30 to -12.46; p = 0.0003). No statistically significant differences were observed in LDL (MD = 6.69; 95% CI = -0.90 to 14.29; p = 0.08), HDL (MD = 0.31; 95% CI = -1.62 to 2.23; p = 0.75), and TC (MD = 6.4; 95% CI = -0.05 to 12.84; p = 0.05) levels. No evidence of publication bias was detected based on Begg's test and Egger's test results. Conclusions: This meta-analysis reveals that patients with the Ala12 variant in the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism are more likely to exhibit positive responses to TZD treatment in terms of HbA1C, FPG, and TG levels compared to those with the Pro12/Pro12 genotype. These findings suggest that genotyping the PPARG Pro12Ala in diabetic patients may be advantageous for devising personalized treatment strategies, particularly for identifying individuals who are likely to respond favorably to TZDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Jang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Seul Im
- Graduate School of Clinical Biohealth, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Gwak
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Li S, He C, Nie H, Pang Q, Wang R, Zeng Z, Song Y. G Allele of the rs1801282 Polymorphism in PPARγ Gene Confers an Increased Risk of Obesity and Hypercholesterolemia, While T Allele of the rs3856806 Polymorphism Displays a Protective Role Against Dyslipidemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:919087. [PMID: 35846293 PMCID: PMC9276935 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.919087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between the rs1801282 and rs3856806 polymorphisms in nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) gene and obesity indexes as well as serum lipid levels have been extensively investigated in various studies, but the results were inconsistent and even contradictory. METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang, CNKI and VIP databases were searched for eligible studies. The random-effTPDEects model was used, and standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to estimate the differences in obesity indexes and serum lipid levels between the subjects with different genotypes in a dominant model. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed by Cochran's x2-based Q-statistic test. Publication bias was identified by using Begg's test. RESULTS One hundred and twenty studies (70,317 subjects) and 33 studies (18,353 subjects) were identified in the analyses for the rs1801282 and rs3856806 polymorphisms, respectively. The G allele carriers of the rs1801282 polymorphism had higher levels of body mass index (SMD = 0.08 kg/m2, 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.12 kg/m2, p < 0.001), waist circumference (SMD = 0.12 cm, 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.18 cm, p < 0.001) and total cholesterol (SMD = 0.07 mmol/L, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.11 mmol/L, p < 0.01) than the CC homozygotes. The T allele carriers of the rs3856806 polymorphism had lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD = -0.09 mmol/L, 95% CI = -0.15 to -0.03 mmol/L, p < 0.01) and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD = 0.06 mmol/L, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.10 mmol/L, p < 0.01) than the CC homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis suggests that the G allele of the rs1801282 polymorphism confers an increased risk of obesity and hypercholesterolemia, while the T allele of the rs3856806 polymorphism displays a protective role against dyslipidemia, which can partly explain the associations between these polymorphisms and cardiovascular disease. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier [CRD42022319347].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujin Li
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Nie
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianyin Pang
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixia Wang
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifu Zeng
- Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongyan Song
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yongyan Song,
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Syed R, Jamil K, Asimuddin M, Alqahtani MS, Alshehri M, Mateen A, Wahab Ali Aduderman A, Ola MS, Malik A. Molecular & biochemical analysis of Pro12Ala variant of PPAR-γ2 gene in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2439-2443. [PMID: 32884427 PMCID: PMC7451741 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has emerged as a major threat to human life globally. Genomic studies have found a significant link between the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-γ2 gene with incidence as well as occurrence of the risk of metabolic syndrome. The present study was aimed at assessing the PPAR-γ2 variant in an Asian Indian cohort of type 2 diabetes patients and its correlation with metabolic parameters. The present case-control study involved 100 type 2 diabetic patients and 100 asymptomatic healthy volunteers enrolled in random. Assessment of demographic factors and biochemical parameters were done for all enrolled. In addition, genotyping for the Pro12Ala (CCA to GCA) polymorphism was done by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technology. The genotyping study detected the frequency of the CC genotype (Pro12Pro) to be higher in frequency in comparison to the heterozygous CG genotype in both, cases and controls. The homozygous GG genotype (Ala12Ala) was not detected in any of the cases or controls assessed. Biochemical analysis of the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) detected a significant increase (p < 0.0001). Additionally, increase in levels of fasting and postprandial glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and parameters of the liver and renal function tests were detected. This study detected the PPAR-γ2 to be a significant biomarker for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabbani Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaiser Jamil
- Genetics Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad 500004, Telangana, India
| | - M Asimuddin
- Genetics Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad 500004, Telangana, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayesha Mateen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Wahab Ali Aduderman
- Basic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Shamsul Ola
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Association between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-2 gene Pro12Ala polymorphisms and risk of hypertension: an updated meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190022. [PMID: 30777927 PMCID: PMC6393226 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies investigate the relationship between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-2 (PPAR) gene Pro12Ala polymorphisms and risk of hypertension. However, the number of available studies was extremely limited. We updated this evidence and gave more significant results. We performed comprehensive computer-based searches in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, the Cochrane library, Wanfang database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and China Biological Medicine Database. All studies that reported the association between the PPARγ2Pro12Ala polymorphisms and hypertension were identified. Twenty-one studies were finally included in the present study. In the domain model, the PPARγ1Pro12Ala polymorphism was not associated with hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71-1.03, P=0.108). The significant relationship was found in the recessive model (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.53-0.85), in the additive model (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.48-0.77), and in the allele genetic model (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.66-0.99). Subgroup analysis indicated that the PPARγ1Pro12Ala polymorphism from the all gene models was also not related to the risk of hypertension in Caucasians. In Asians, however, the results (P=0.002; I2 = 57.6%) suggested a significant relationship between PPARγ1Pro12Ala and hypertension in the domain model (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65-0.99), in the recessive model (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.44-0.75), in the additive model (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.39-0.66), and in the allele model (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.60-0.94). The PPARγ1Pro12Ala polymorphism could affect the risk of primary hypertension amongst Asians. The A allele gene was a protective genotype for primary hypertension. The PPARγ1Pro12Ala polymorphism was not associated with hypertension amongst Caucasians.
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Quantitative evaluation of PPAR-γ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism with hypertension. Herz 2017; 43:719-727. [PMID: 28920998 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-017-4618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2)Pro12Ala polymorphism has been reported to be associated with hypertension. However, relevant studies have shown inconsistent results. METHODS To quantitatively evaluate the relationship between the PPARγ2Pro12Ala polymorphism and hypertension risk, we conducted a meta-analysis based on all available studies selected from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases. RESULTS In all, 13 studies were finally included in this meta-analysis. In the allelic model (Ala vs. Pro), the Ala allele of PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism was associated with hypertension (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.723, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.607-0.861). Sensitivity analysis and exclusion of studies with poor quality scores or controls complicated by other diseases confirmed the validity of this association. Moreover, the PPARγ2Pro12Ala polymorphism was associated with hypertension in the codominant (OR = 0.710, 95% CI = 0.626-0.806), recessive (OR = 0.561, 95% CI = 0.418-0.754), and dominant (OR = 0.693, 95% CI = 0.577-0.833) models. CONCLUSION The Ala allele appears to have a protective effect against hypertension and a dominant function.
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Cai G, Zhang X, Weng W, Shi G, Xue S, Zhang B. Associations between PPARG polymorphisms and the risk of essential hypertension. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181644. [PMID: 28727849 PMCID: PMC5519177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of essential hypertension (EH). It has been suggested that polymorphisms of PPARG are associated with the risk of EH. However, findings to date remain controversial. To elucidate the associations between the PPARG Pro12Ala and C161T polymorphisms and EH risk, a meta-analysis was carried out. Methods A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure), VIP and Wanfang databases was conducted. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to estimate the size of the effect using the random-effects model. At the same time, the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CI was used for the meta-analysis of the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism and blood pressure. Results Finally, Fifteen papers (seventeen studies) including 4,151 cases and 4,997 controls to evaluate the association of the PPARGPro12Ala polymorphism and EH risk, were included in this study. Overall, the results suggested that Ala allele was associated with the decreased EH risk (for allelic model, OR = 0.757, 95%CI: 0.624–0.918, P = 0.005; for dominant model, OR = 0.771, 95%CI: 0.627–0.946, P = 0.013). The subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity showed that the significant association between the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism and EH was only detected in the Asian subgroup. There was no difference in blood pressure values between Ala carriers and non-carriers. For the C161T polymorphism, only 5 studies comprising 1,118 cases and 1,357 controls met the inclusion criteria. The overall results showed that the PPARG C161T polymorphism was not associated with the risk of EH. But in the subgroup analysis, we found that the PPARG C161T polymorphism significantly associated with the risk of EH in the Asian subgroup (for allelic model, OR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.537–0.963, P = 0.027; for dominant model, OR = 0.653, 95% CI: 0.439–0.972, P = 0.036). Conclusion Our meta-analysis suggested that the PPARG polymorphisms might be associated with the risk of EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Wujin hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xinyong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Huai’an second people’s hospital, the affiliated Huai’an hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weijin Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Wujin hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ganwei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Wujin hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheliang Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Wujin hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
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Alves MC, de Morais CC, Augusto EM, Abdalla DSP, Horst MA, Cominetti C. Polymorphisms in PPARG and APOE: relationships with lipid profile of adolescents with cardiovascular risk factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s41110-017-0037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ganss R. Maternal Metabolism and Vascular Adaptation in Pregnancy: The PPAR Link. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:73-84. [PMID: 27789100 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current therapies for pregnancy-related hypertension and its complications remain inadequate, although an increasing role for maternal susceptibility is becoming evident. Systemic vascular dysfunction in response to imbalances in angiogenic, inflammatory, and constricting factors is implicated in the pathogenesis of gestational hypertension, and growing evidence now links these factors with maternal metabolism. In particular, the crucial role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in maternal vascular adaptation provides further insights into how obesity and gestational diabetes may be linked to pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia. This is especially important given the rapidly growing prevalence of obesity during pregnancy, and highlights a new approach to treat pregnancy-related hypertension and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Ganss
- Vascular Biology and Stromal Targeting, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Centre for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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Li Q, Chen R, Bie L, Zhao D, Huang C, Hong J. Association of the variants in the PPARG gene and serum lipid levels: a meta-analysis of 74 studies. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 19:198-209. [PMID: 25265984 PMCID: PMC4288363 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable studies have been carried out to investigate the relationship between the polymorphisms of PPARG (Pro12Ala, C161T and C1431T) and serum lipid levels, but the results were inconclusive. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the association. MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically. The subgroup analysis was performed based on ethnicity. Seventy-four studies with 54,953 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. In Pro12Ala, the group with the ‘PP’ (C/C genotype) genotype group had lower levels of total cholesterol (TC) (mean difference, MD: −0.02, P < 0.00001; I2 = 28%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (MD: −0.02, P < 0.00001; I2 = 30%) and higher levels of triglyceride (TG) (MD: 0.06, P < 0.00001; I2 = 30%) than the combined ‘PA+AA’ (PA = C/G genotype, AA = G/G genotype) genotype group in Asian population, and the group with the ‘PP’ genotype had higher levels of TG (MD: 0.07, P < 0.02; I2 = 67%) than the combined ‘PA+AA’ genotype group in non-Asian population. No statistically significant differences in the levels of TC, TG, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C were detected between different genotypes in C161T(Asian or non-Asian) and C1431T(Asian) polymorphisms. This meta-analysis was a renewed and confirmed study to assess the association between PPARG polymorphisms and serum lipid levels in Asian and non-Asian populations. There is a prominent association between Pro12Ala polymorphism and the levels of TC, LDL-C and TG in Asian population. No statistically significant differences in serum lipid levels were detected between different genotypes in C161T and C1431T polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Rooki H, Haerian MS, Azimzadeh P, Ebrahimi M, Mirhafez R, Ferns G, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Zali MR. Distribution and genotype frequency of the C1431T and pro12ala polymorphisms of the peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma gene in an Iranian population. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2013; 19:423-9. [PMID: 24497707 PMCID: PMC3897137 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.124370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear transcription factor regulating multiple genes involved in cell growth, differentiation, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and energy production. Several genetic variations in the PPARγ gene have been identified to be associated with diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease. The present study was designed to explore the distribution of two common single nucleotide polymorphisms of the PPARγ gene (C1431T and Pro12Ala) in an Iranian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genotype frequencies for these two polymorphisms were compared for 160 healthy Iranian individuals with reports from other populations. The Genotyping was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The genotype distribution of the C1431T PPARγ polymorphism was 0.869 for the CC genotype, 0.119 for the CT genotype and 0.013 for uncommon TT genotype. Allelic frequencies were 0.93 for C and 0.07 for T allele respectively. For the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARγ gene, genotypic distributions and allelic frequencies were, 0.813 for CC, 0.181 for CG and 0.06 for GG and 0.903 for C and 0.097 for G respectively. Allelic and genotypic frequencies for both polymorphisms of PPARγ gene were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. CONCLUSIONS Iran is a country with an ethnically diverse population and a comparison of allelic and genotypic frequencies of PPARγ C1431T and Pro12Ala polymorphisms between our population and others showed significant differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rooki
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monir-Sadat Haerian
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pedram Azimzadeh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ebrahimi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Mirhafez
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, University of Keele, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Stok on Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang R, Wang J, Yang R, Sun J, Chen R, Luo H, Liu D, Cai D. Effects of Pro12Ala polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 gene on metabolic syndrome risk: a meta-analysis. Gene 2013; 535:79-87. [PMID: 24012868 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) gene polymorphism and metabolic syndrome risk remained controversial and ambiguous. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the association between Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPARγ2 gene and metabolic syndrome susceptibility. METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted on Medline, OVID, Cochrane Library database, and the China National Knowledge Internet up to March 2013. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the strength of association in the fixed or random effects model. RESULTS Ten studies involving a total of 4456 cases and 10343 controls were included in this meta-analysis. No statistical evidence of association was found between Pro12Ala polymorphism and metabolic syndrome risk in all genetic models (homozygote model: OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.62-1.12; heterozygote model: OR=1.04, 95% CI=0.94-1.14; dominant model: OR=1.02, 95% CI=0.93-1.12; recessive model: OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.62-1.11). No statistical evidence of significant association was observed when stratified by ethnicity, definition of metabolic syndrome, source of control groups and quality score of the selected articles. All in all, the results did not support a major role of the Pro12Ala variant of the PPARγ2 gene in metabolic syndrome risk. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggested that the effect of Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPARγ2 gene may not be related to metabolic syndrome as an entity. However, Pro12Ala may affect the single component of metabolic syndrome. A large, well designed study is required to more adequately assess the role for Pro12Ala polymorphism on metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, 253# Industry Road, 510282 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, 253# Industry Road, 510282 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, 253# Industry Road, 510282 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, 253# Industry Road, 510282 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Rongping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, 253# Industry Road, 510282 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haizhao Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, 253# Industry Road, 510282 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Duan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, 253# Industry Road, 510282 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Dehong Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, 253# Industry Road, 510282 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Several lipid-related gene polymorphisms interact with overweight/obesity to modulate blood pressure levels. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:12062-12081. [PMID: 23109900 PMCID: PMC3472792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130912062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the interactions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and overweight/obesity on blood pressure levels. The present study was undertaken to detect 10 lipid-related gene SNPs and their interactions with overweight/obesity on blood pressure levels. Genotyping of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA-1) V825I, acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) rs1044925, low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) AvaII hepatic lipase gene (LIPC) −250G > A, endothelial lipase gene (LIPG) 584C > T, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C > T, the E3 ubiquitin ligase myosin regulatory light chain-interacting protein (MYLIP) rs3757354, proprotein convertase subtilisin-like kexin type 9 (PCSK9) E670G, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) +294T > C, and Scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SCARB1) rs5888 was performed in 978 normal weight and 751 overweight/obese subjects. The interactions were detected by factorial regression analysis. The genotypes of ACAT-1 AC, LIPC GA and AA, and SCARB1 TT; LDL-R A-A- and LIPC GA; and SCARB1 TT were interacted with overweight/obesity to increase systolic, diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) levels; respectively. The genotypes of ACAT-1 CC; ACAT-1 AA and CC were interacted with overweight/obesity to decrease SBP, PP levels (p < 0.01–0.001); respectively. The differences in blood pressure levels between normal weight and overweight/obese subjects might partly result from different interactions of several SNPs and overweight/obesity.
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Association of several lipid-related gene polymorphisms and blood pressure variation in the Bai Ku Yao population. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:927-36. [PMID: 22573014 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2012.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences in hypertension are not well known. The present study was undertaken to detect the association of nine lipid-related gene polymorphisms and blood pressure variation beween men and women in the Bai Ku Yao population. METHODS Genotyping of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA-1) V825I, acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) rs1044925, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) AvaII, hepatic lipase gene (LIPC) -250G>A, endothelial lipase gene (LIPG) 584C>T, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T, proprotein convertase subtilisin-like kexin type 9 (PCSK9) E670G, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) +294T>C, and Scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SCARB1) rs5888 was performed in 682 normotensives and 670 hypertensives. RESULTS The genotypic frequencies of LDL-R and SCARB1 in normotensives and ABCA-1, ACAT-1, LDL-R, LIPC, and MTHFR in hypertensives were different between males and females (P < 0.05-0.001). The genotypic frequencies of ABCA-1, ACAT-1, LDL-R, LIPC, MTHFR, PPARD, and SCARB1 in males and ABCA-1, LDL-R, LIPC, LIPG, and MTHFR in females were different between normotensives and hypertensives (P < 0.05-0.001). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels in male hypertensives were different among the LIPC, LIPG, PCSK9, and SCARB1 genotypes (P < 0.05-0.01); and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels were different among the ABCA-1, LDL-R, LIPC, LIPG, MTHFR, PCSK9, and PPARD genotypes (P < 0.05-0.001). SBP levels in female hypertensives were different among the LIPC, MTHFR, PCSK9, and PPARD genotypes (P < 0.05-0.01); and DBP levels were different among ABCA-1, ACAT-1, MTHFR, PCSK9, PPARD, and SCARB1 genotypes (P <0.05-0.001). The correlations between these polymorphisms and blood pressure levels were also observed. CONCLUSIONS Sex differences in blood pressure levels in this population may partly attribute to the differences in some lipid-related gene polymorphisms.
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Wang Y, Liu C. Quantitative evaluation of common polymorphism (rs1801282) in the PPARγ2 gene and hypertension susceptibility. Gene 2012; 502:159-62. [PMID: 22561695 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Yin RX, Wu DF, Wu JZ, Cao XL, Aung LHH, Miao L, Long XJ, Liu WY, Zhang L, Li M. Interactions of several lipid-related gene polymorphisms and cigarette smoking on blood pressure levels. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:685-96. [PMID: 22606049 PMCID: PMC3354626 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and cigarette smoking on blood pressure levels are limited. The present study was undertaken to detect nine lipid-related SNPs and their interactions with cigarette smoking on blood pressure levels. Genotyping of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA-1) V825I, acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) rs1044925, low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) AvaⅡ, hepatic lipase gene (LIPC) -250G>A, endothelial lipase gene (LIPG) 584C>T, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T, proprotein convertase subtilisin-like kexin type 9 (PCSK9) E670G, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) +294T>C, and Scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SCARB1) rs5888 was performed in 935 nonsmokers and 845 smokers. The interactions were detected by factorial regression analysis. The frequencies of genotypes (ACAT-1 and LIPG), alleles (ABCA-1), and both genotypes and alleles (LDL-R, LIPC, PPARD and SCARB1) were different between nonsmokers and smokers (P < 0.05-0.001). The levels of pulse pressure (PP, ABCA-1), and systolic, diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and PP (LIPC) in nonsmokers were different among the genotypes (P < 0.01-0.001). The levels of SBP (ABCA-1, ACAT-1, LIPG and PCSK9), DBP (ACAT-1, LDL-R, LIPC, PCSK9 and PPARD), and PP (LIPC, LIPG, MTHFR and PCSK9) in smokers were different among the genotypes (P < 0.01-0.001). The SNPs of ABCA-1, ACAT-1 and PCSK9; ACAT-1, LDL-R, MTHFR and PCSK9; and ABCA-1, LIPC, PCSK9 and PPARD were shown interactions with cigarette smoking to influence SBP, DBP and PP levels (P < 0.05-0.001); respectively. The differences in blood pressure levels between the nonsmokers and smokers might partly result from different interactions of several SNPs and cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Association of serum lipid/lipoprotein with Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR-γ2 among Chinese nonagenarians/centenarians. Arch Med Res 2011; 42:613-9. [PMID: 22001700 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In previous studies, the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR-γ2) was shown to be associated with both lipid metabolism and longevity. We examined whether the polymorphism continued to be associated with abnormal levels of serum lipid/lipoprotein among elderly subjects (≥90 years). METHODS The Pro12Ala variant was examined using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Abnormal levels of serum lipid/lipoprotein were defined according to the criteria provided by the Chinese Medical Association (2004). Abnormal criteria were triglyceride (TG) >5.18 mmol/l, total cholesterol (TC) >1.7 mmol/l, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >3.37 mmol/l and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <1.04 mmol/l). RESULTS The sample included 673 unrelated Chinese individuals aged 90-108 years (mean age: 93.54 ± 3.54 years) and 67.3% females. Genotype frequencies of the Pro12Ala polymorphism were 0% Ala12Ala, 8.9% Pro12Ala, 91.1% Pro12Pro. Neither differences in the levels of serum lipid/lipoprotein nor the prevalence of their abnormal levels was significant between subjects who were or were not 12Ala carriers. Unadjusted and adjusted multiple logistic regressions showed that the odds ratios (OR) for abnormal levels of serum lipid/lipoprotein were not associated with the Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR-γ2. CONCLUSIONS Levels of serum lipid/lipoprotein were not associated with the Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR-γ2 among Chinese nonagenarians and centenarians, which was different from the general population.
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