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Yu S, Xu C, Tang X, Wang L, Hu L, Li L, Zhou X, Li Q. Exendin-4 blockade of T1R2/T1R3 activation improves Pseudomonas aeruginosa-related pneumonia in an animal model of chemically induced diabetes. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:1185-1201. [PMID: 38748233 PMCID: PMC11214611 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poorly controlled diabetes frequently exacerbates lung infection, thereby complicating treatment strategies. Recent studies have shown that exendin-4 exhibits not only hypoglycemic but also anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to explore the role of exendin-4 in lung infection with diabetes, as well as its association with NOD1/NF-κB and the T1R2/T1R3 sweet taste receptor. METHODS 16HBE human bronchial epithelial cells cultured with 20 mM glucose were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Furthermore, Sprague‒Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet, followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and intratracheal instillation of PA. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were evaluated using ELISAs and RT‒qPCR. The expression of T1R2, T1R3, NOD1 and NF-κB p65 was assayed using western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Pathological changes in the lungs of the rats were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. RESULTS At the same dose of LPS, the 20 mM glucose group produced more proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and had higher levels of T1R2, T1R3, NOD1 and NF-κB p65 than the normal control group (with 5.6 mM glucose). However, preintervention with exendin-4 significantly reduced the levels of the aforementioned proinflammatory cytokines and signaling molecules. Similarly, diabetic rats infected with PA exhibited increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in their lungs and increased expression of T1R2, T1R3, NOD1 and NF-κB p65, and these effects were reversed by exendin-4. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic hyperglycemia can exacerbate inflammation during lung infection, promote the increase in NOD1/NF-κB, and promote T1R2/T1R3. Exendin-4 can ameliorate PA-related pneumonia with diabetes and overexpression of NOD1/NF-κB. Additionally, exendin-4 suppresses T1R2/T1R3, potentially through its hypoglycemic effect or through a direct mechanism. The correlation between heightened expression of T1R2/T1R3 and an intensified inflammatory response in lung infection with diabetes requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjun Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570102, China
- Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of Respiratory Disease, Haikou, Hainan, 570102, China
| | - Chaoqun Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570102, China
- Emergency and Trauma College, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 579199, China
| | - Xiang Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570102, China
- Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of Respiratory Disease, Haikou, Hainan, 570102, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570102, China
- Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of Respiratory Disease, Haikou, Hainan, 570102, China
| | - Lihua Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570102, China
- Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of Respiratory Disease, Haikou, Hainan, 570102, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570102, China
- Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of Respiratory Disease, Haikou, Hainan, 570102, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570102, China.
- Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of Respiratory Disease, Haikou, Hainan, 570102, China.
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570102, China.
- Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of Respiratory Disease, Haikou, Hainan, 570102, China.
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Deng W, Bao L, Song Z, Zhang L, Yu P, Xu Y, Wang J, Zhao W, Zhang X, Han Y, Li Y, Liu J, Lv Q, Liang X, Li F, Qi F, Deng R, Wang S, Xiong Y, Xiao R, Wang H, Qin C. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 can cause pancreatic impairment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:98. [PMID: 38609366 PMCID: PMC11014980 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests associations between COVID-19 patients or vaccines and glycometabolic dysfunction and an even higher risk of the occurrence of diabetes. Herein, we retrospectively analyzed pancreatic lesions in autopsy tissues from 67 SARS-CoV-2 infected non-human primates (NHPs) models and 121 vaccinated and infected NHPs from 2020 to 2023 and COVID-19 patients. Multi-label immunofluorescence revealed direct infection of both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells by the virus in NHPs and humans. Minor and limited phenotypic and histopathological changes were observed in adult models. Systemic proteomics and metabolomics results indicated metabolic disorders, mainly enriched in insulin resistance pathways, in infected adult NHPs, along with elevated fasting C-peptide and C-peptide/glucose ratio levels. Furthermore, in elder COVID-19 NHPs, SARS-CoV-2 infection causes loss of beta (β) cells and lower expressed-insulin in situ characterized by islet amyloidosis and necrosis, activation of α-SMA and aggravated fibrosis consisting of lower collagen in serum, an increase of pancreatic inflammation and stress markers, ICAM-1 and G3BP1, along with more severe glycometabolic dysfunction. In contrast, vaccination maintained glucose homeostasis by activating insulin receptor α and insulin receptor β. Overall, the cumulative risk of diabetes post-COVID-19 is closely tied to age, suggesting more attention should be paid to blood sugar management in elderly COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Linlin Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhiqi Song
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Pin Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yanfeng Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yunlin Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiangning Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qi Lv
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xujian Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Fengdi Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Feifei Qi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ran Deng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yibai Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ruiping Xiao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Chinese Academy of Engineering, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, 225 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China.
- National Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Cancer Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200441, PR China.
| | - Chuan Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Changping National laboratory (CPNL), Beijing, 102206, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, PR China.
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Engin AB, Engin ED, Engin A. Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Coinciding Pandemics of Obesity and COVID-19: Worse than Bad. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:919-954. [PMID: 39287877 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic changes have long-lasting impacts, which influence the epigenome and are maintained during cell division. Thus, human genome changes have required a very long timescale to become a major contributor to the current obesity pandemic. Whereas bidirectional effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and obesity pandemics have given the opportunity to explore, how the viral microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) use the human's transcriptional machinery that regulate gene expression at a posttranscriptional level. Obesity and its related comorbidity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and new-onset diabetes due to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are additional risk factors, which increase the severity of COVID-19 and its related mortality. The higher mortality rate of these patients is dependent on severe cytokine storm, which is the sum of the additional cytokine production by concomitant comorbidities and own cytokine synthesis of COVID-19. Patients with obesity facilitate the SARS-CoV-2 entry to host cell via increasing the host's cell receptor expression and modifying the host cell proteases. After entering the host cells, the SARS-CoV-2 genome directly functions as a messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and encodes a set of nonstructural proteins via processing by the own proteases, main protease (Mpro), and papain-like protease (PLpro) to initiate viral genome replication and transcription. Following viral invasion, SARS-CoV-2 infection reduces insulin secretion via either inducing β-cell apoptosis or reducing intensity of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and leads to new-onset diabetes. Since both T2D and severity of COVID-19 are associated with the increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, high glucose levels in T2D aggravate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Elevated neopterin (NPT) value due to persistent interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-mediated monocyte-macrophage activation is an indicator of hyperactivated pro-inflammatory phenotype M1 macrophages. Thus, NPT could be a reliable biomarker for the simultaneously occurring COVID-19-, obesity- and T2D-induced cytokine storm. While host miRNAs attack viral RNAs, viral miRNAs target host transcripts. Eventually, the expression rate and type of miRNAs also are different in COVID-19 patients with different viral loads. It is concluded that specific miRNA signatures in macrophage activation phase may provide an opportunity to become aware of the severity of COVID-19 in patients with obesity and obesity-related T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Evren Doruk Engin
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Gumusdere Campus, Gumusdere, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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ElNahid MS, Issac MSM, Sadek KM. Outcome of COVID-19 in Egyptian living-donor kidney transplant recipients and relation to maintenance immunosuppressive drugs: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19002. [PMID: 37923735 PMCID: PMC10624883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in kidney transplant recipients is a subject of much debate and became of interest to nephrologists amidst the pandemic. The main concerns are the influence of the chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs, the viral-related risk of acute rejection, and the long-term outcome of allograft function. This single-center prospective study included kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 infection. Patients were maintained on immunosuppressive regimens. The severity of disease was defined as oxygen saturation < 94%, the need for hospitalization and/or hemodialysis, the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI), and mortality. Seventeen patients (54.8%) required hospital admission, four patients needed hemodialysis (12.9%), twelve patients (38.7%) had AKI, and three patients died (9.7%). Oxygen saturation < 94% showed a positive correlation with the presence of diabetes (p value 0.031) and a negative correlation with the maintenance steroid dose (p value 0.046). A negative correlation existed between the need for hemodialysis and average Cyclosporin level (p value 0.019) and between the need for hospitalization and average Tacrolimus level (p value 0.046). Severity of disease was associated with the presence of lymphopenia (p value 0.042), the cumulative steroid dose (p value 0.001), increased serum levels of LDH (p value 0.010), Ferritin (p value 0.020), AST (p value 0.047), and ALT (p value 0.006) and D-dimer levels more than 0.5 mg/L (p value 0.038). This study highlighted that the immunocompromised state of renal transplant recipients may not be regarded as a disadvantage in the setting of COVID-19 infection. Studies on a larger scale are needed to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Said ElNahid
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Khaled Marzouk Sadek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Ferguson M, Vel J, Phan V, Ali R, Mabe L, Cherner A, Doan T, Manakatt B, Jose M, Powell AR, McKinney K, Serag H, Sallam HS. Coronavirus Disease 2019, Diabetes, and Inflammation: A Systemic Review. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:177-187. [PMID: 37130311 DOI: 10.1089/met.2022.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
People with cardiometabolic diseases [namely type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, or metabolic syndrome] are more susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and endure more severe illness and poorer outcomes. Hyperinflammation has been suggested as a common pathway for both diseases. To examine the role of inflammatory biomarkers shared between COVID-19 and cardiometabolic diseases, we reviewed and evaluated published data using PubMed, SCOPUS, and World Health Organization COVID-19 databases for English articles from December 2019 to February 2022. Of 248 identified articles, 50 were selected and included. We found that people with diabetes or obesity have (i) increased risk of COVID-19 infection; (ii) increased risk of hospitalization (those with diabetes have a higher risk of intensive care unit admissions) and death; and (iii) heightened inflammatory and stress responses (hyperinflammation) to COVID-19, which worsen their prognosis. In addition, COVID-19-infected patients have a higher risk of developing T2D, especially if they have other comorbidities. Treatments controlling blood glucose levels and or ameliorating the inflammatory response may be valuable for improving clinical outcomes in these patient populations. In conclusion, it is critical for health care providers to clinically evaluate hyperinflammatory states to drive clinical decisions for COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Ferguson
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jaysonn Vel
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Vincent Phan
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Roshaneh Ali
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Lainie Mabe
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Annie Cherner
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Thao Doan
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Bushra Manakatt
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Mini Jose
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Audrey Ross Powell
- University of Texas Medical Branch Alumni, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin McKinney
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Hani Serag
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Hanaa S Sallam
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Yan L, Li Y, Tan T, Qi J, Fang J, Guo H, Ren Z, Gou L, Geng Y, Cui H, Shen L, Yu S, Wang Z, Zuo Z. RAGE-TLR4 Crosstalk Is the Key Mechanism by Which High Glucose Enhances the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response in Primary Bovine Alveolar Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087007. [PMID: 37108174 PMCID: PMC10138623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are important receptors for inflammatory responses induced by high glucose (HG) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and show crosstalk phenomena in inflammatory responses. However, it is unknown whether RAGE and TLR4 can influence each other's expression through a crosstalk mechanism and whether the RAGE-TLR4 crosstalk related to the molecular mechanism of HG enhances the LPS-induced inflammatory response. In this study, the implications of LPS with multiple concentrations (0, 1, 5, and 10 μg/mL) at various treatment times (0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h) in primary bovine alveolar macrophages (BAMs) were explored. The results showed that a 5 μg/mL LPS treatment at 12 h had the most significant increment on the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in BAMs (p < 0.05) and that the levels of TLR4, RAGE, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 mRNA and protein expression were upregulated (p < 0.05). Then, the effect of LPS (5 μg/mL) and HG (25.5 mM) co-treatment in BAMs was explored. The results further showed that HG significantly enhanced the release of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α caused by LPS in the supernatant (p < 0.01) and significantly increased the levels of RAGE, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 mRNA and protein expression (p < 0.01). Pretreatment with FPS-ZM1 and TAK-242, the inhibitors of RAGE and TLR4, significantly alleviated the HG + LPS-induced increment of RAGE, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65 mRNA and protein expression in the presence of HG and LPS (p < 0.01). This study showed that RAGE and TLR4 affect each other's expression through crosstalk during the combined usage of HG and LPS and synergistically activate the MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway to promote the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Yanran Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Tianyu Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Jiancheng Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Liping Gou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Yi Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611134, China
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7
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Carbone JT, Holzer KJ, Clift J, Fu Q. Latent profiles of biological dysregulation and risk of mortality: time-to-event analysis using the Midlife in the US longitudinal study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:182-188. [PMID: 36627117 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2021-218073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a well-established relationship between high allostatic load (AL) and increased risk of mortality. This study expands on the literature by combined latent profile analysis (LPA) with survival data analysis techniques to assess the degree to which AL status is associated with time to death. METHODS LPA was employed to identify underlying classes of biological dysregulation among a sample of 815 participants from the Midlife in the US study. Sex-stratified Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between class of biological dysregulation and time to death while controlling for sociodemographic covariates. RESULTS The LPA resulted in three classes: low dysregulation, immunometabolic dysregulation and parasympathetic reactivity. Women in the immunometabolic dysregulation group had more than three times the risk of death as compared with women in the low dysregulation group (HR=3.25, 95% CI: 1.47 to 7.07), but that there was not a statistically significant difference between the parasympathetic reactivity group and the low dysregulation group (HR=1.80, 95% CI: 0.62 to 5.23). For men, the risk of death for those in the immunometabolic dysregulation (HR=1.79, 95% CI: 0.88 to 3.65) and parasympathetic reactivity (HR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.34 to 3.65) groups did not differ from the low dysregulation group. CONCLUSION The findings are consistent with the previous research that demonstrates increased AL as a risk factor for mortality. Specifically, in women, that increased risk may be associated with immunometabolic dysregulation and not simply a generalised measure of cumulative risk as is typically employed in AL research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Carbone
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Katherine J Holzer
- St Louis School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer Clift
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Matveeva O, Nechipurenko Y, Lagutkin D, Yegorov YE, Kzhyshkowska J. SARS-CoV-2 infection of phagocytic immune cells and COVID-19 pathology: Antibody-dependent as well as independent cell entry. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1050478. [PMID: 36532011 PMCID: PMC9751203 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Our review summarizes the evidence that COVID-19 can be complicated by SARS-CoV-2 infection of immune cells. This evidence is widespread and accumulating at an increasing rate. Research teams from around the world, studying primary and established cell cultures, animal models, and analyzing autopsy material from COVID-19 deceased patients, are seeing the same thing, namely that some immune cells are infected or capable of being infected with the virus. Human cells most vulnerable to infection include both professional phagocytes, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as well as nonprofessional phagocytes, such as B-cells. Convincing evidence has accumulated to suggest that the virus can infect monocytes and macrophages, while data on infection of dendritic cells and B-cells are still scarce. Viral infection of immune cells can occur directly through cell receptors, but it can also be mediated or enhanced by antibodies through the Fc gamma receptors of phagocytic cells. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) most likely occurs during the primary encounter with the pathogen through the first COVID-19 infection rather than during the second encounter, which is characteristic of ADE caused by other viruses. Highly fucosylated antibodies of vaccinees seems to be incapable of causing ADE, whereas afucosylated antibodies of persons with acute primary infection or convalescents are capable. SARS-CoV-2 entry into immune cells can lead to an abortive infection followed by host cell pyroptosis, and a massive inflammatory cascade. This scenario has the most experimental evidence. Other scenarios are also possible, for which the evidence base is not yet as extensive, namely productive infection of immune cells or trans-infection of other non-immune permissive cells. The chance of a latent infection cannot be ruled out either.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Matveeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Denis Lagutkin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases under the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yegor E. Yegorov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
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Viurcos-Sanabria R, Manjarrez-Reyna AN, Solleiro-Villavicencio H, Rizo-Téllez SA, Méndez-García LA, Viurcos-Sanabria V, González-Sanabria J, Arroyo-Valerio A, Carrillo-Ruíz JD, González-Chávez A, León-Pedroza JI, Flores-Mejía R, Rodríguez-Cortés O, Escobedo G. In Vitro Exposure of Primary Human T Cells and Monocytes to Polyclonal Stimuli Reveals a Basal Susceptibility to Display an Impaired Cellular Immune Response and Develop Severe COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:897995. [PMID: 35860236 PMCID: PMC9289744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.897995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of the cellular immune response to the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still uncertain because most evidence comes from patients receiving multiple drugs able to change immune function. Herein, we conducted a prospective cohort study and obtained blood samples from 128 unvaccinated healthy volunteers to examine the in vitro response pattern of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and monocyte subsets to polyclonal stimuli, including anti-CD3, anti-CD28, poly I:C, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recombinant spike S1 protein, and lipopolysaccharide. Then, we started a six-month follow-up and registered 12 participants who got SARS-CoV-2 infection, from whom we retrospectively analyzed the basal immune response pattern of T cells and monocytes. Of the 12 participants infected, six participants developed mild COVID-19 with self-limiting symptoms such as fever, headache, and anosmia. Conversely, six other participants developed severe COVID-19 with pneumonia, respiratory distress, and hypoxia. Two severe COVID-19 cases required invasive mechanical ventilation. There were no differences between mild and severe cases for demographic, clinical, and biochemical baseline characteristics. In response to polyclonal stimuli, basal production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon (IFN-) gamma significantly decreased, and the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) increased in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from participants who posteriorly developed severe COVID-19 compared to mild cases. Likewise, CD14++CD16- classical and CD14+CD16+ non-classical monocytes lost their ability to produce IFN-alpha in response to polyclonal stimuli in participants who developed severe COVID-19 compared to mild cases. Of note, neither the total immunoglobulin G serum titers against the virus nor their neutralizing ability differed between mild and severe cases after a month of clinical recovery. In conclusion, using in vitro polyclonal stimuli, we found a basal immune response pattern associated with a predisposition to developing severe COVID-19, where high PD-1 expression and low IL-2 and IFN-gamma production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and poor IFN-alpha expression in classical and non-classical monocytes are linked to disease worsening. Since antibody titers did not differ between mild and severe cases, these findings suggest cellular immunity may play a more crucial role than humoral immunity in preventing COVID-19 progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Viurcos-Sanabria
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
- PECEM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aarón N. Manjarrez-Reyna
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Salma A. Rizo-Téllez
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
- PECEM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucía A. Méndez-García
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Victoria Viurcos-Sanabria
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jacquelina González-Sanabria
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - América Arroyo-Valerio
- Research Directorate, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José D. Carrillo-Ruíz
- Research Directorate, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unit for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Anahuac University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio González-Chávez
- Clínica de Atención Integral para Pacientes con Diabetes y Obesidad, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose I. León-Pedroza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Anahuac University, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departament of Intensive Medical Therapy, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raúl Flores-Mejía
- Laboratorio 103, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Octavio Rodríguez-Cortés
- Laboratorio 103, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Galileo Escobedo,
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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in subcutaneous fat but not visceral fat, and the disruption of fat lymphocyte homeostasis in both fat tissues in the macaque. Commun Biol 2022; 5:542. [PMID: 35661814 PMCID: PMC9166782 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The well documented association between obesity and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection raises the question of whether adipose tissue (AT) is impacted during this infection. Using a model of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cynomolgus macaques, we detected the virus within subcutaneous AT (SCAT) but not in visceral AT (VAT) or epicardial AT on day 7 post-infection. We sought to determine the mechanisms responsible for this selective detection and observed higher levels of angiotensin-converting-enzyme-2 mRNA expression in SCAT than in VAT. Lastly, we evaluated the immunological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection on AT: both SCAT and VAT T cells showed a drastic reduction in CD69 expression, a standard marker of resident memory T cell in tissue, that is also involved in the migratory and metabolic properties of T cells. Our results demonstrate that in a model of mild infection, SCAT is selectively infected by SARS-CoV-2 although changes in the immune properties of AT are observed in both SCAT and VAT. Subcutaneous fat tissue expresses higher angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 mRNA than visceral fat tissue and is selectively infected by SARS-Cov-2, while both fat tissues show drastic reduction in CD69 expression in T cells.
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Lotfy MA, Shama AA. Intensive insulin therapy improves the survival probability of non-diabetic COVID-19 patients presenting with acute hyperglycemia. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/11101849.2022.2060636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Lotfy
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain & Icu, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Shama
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain & Icu, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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