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Liu FY, Wen J, Hou J, Zhang SQ, Sun CB, Zhou LC, Yin W, Pang WL, Wang C, Ying Y, Han SS, Yan JY, Li CX, Yuan JL, Xing HJ, Yang ZS. Gastrodia remodels intestinal microflora to suppress inflammation in mice with early atherosclerosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107758. [PMID: 34162137 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclsis is a critical actuator causing cardiac-cerebral vascular disease with a complicated pathogeneon, refered to the disorders of intestinal flora and persistent inflammation. Gastrodin (4-(hydroxymethyl) phenyl-β-D- Glucopyranoside) is the most abundant glucoside extracted from the Gastrodiaelata, which is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for cardiac-cerebral vascular disease, yet its mechanisms remain little known. In the present study, the gastrodia extract and gastrodin attenuate the lipid deposition and foam cells on the inner membrane of the inner membrane of the thoracic aorta in the early atherosclerosis mice. Blood lipid detection tips that TC and LDL-C were reduced in peripheral blood after treatment with the gastrodia extract and gastrodin. Furthermore, unordered gut microbes are remodeled in terms of bacterial diversity and abundance at family and genus level. Also, the intestinal mucosa damage and permeability were reversed, accompaniedwith the reducing of inflammatory cytokines. Our findings revealed that the functions of gastrodia extract and gastrodin in cardiac-cerebral vascular disease involved to rescued gut microbes and anti-inflammation may be the mechanismof remission lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yu Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiong Hou
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Si-Qi Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chun-Bin Sun
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Luo-Chuan Zhou
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Lin Pang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Ying
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Si-Si Han
- PingHu Hospital Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Yan
- Central Laboratory, Kunming Medical University Second Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Chen-Xi Li
- PhD Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jia-Li Yuan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Education Department of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China
| | - Hai-Jing Xing
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Education Department of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China.
| | - Zhong-Shan Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Education Department of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China.
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Campos CM, Suwannasom P, Koenig W, Serruys PW, Garcia-Garcia HM. Darapladib for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 13:33-48. [PMID: 25521799 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2015.986466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of phospholipase A2 have been linked to atherosclerotic plaque progression, instability via promoting inflammation and subsequent acute coronary events. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the correlation between elevated levels associated phospholipase A2 and cardiovascular events. Therefore, specific inhibition of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 with darapladib has been tested as a therapeutic option for atherosclerosis. The aim of this profile is to review the physiologic aspects of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and to revisit the clinical evidence of darapladib as therapeutic option for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Campos
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Thoraxcenter, s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Simsek C, Garcia-Garcia HM, van Geuns RJ, Magro M, Girasis C, van Mieghem N, Lenzen M, de Boer S, Regar E, van der Giessen W, Raichlen J, Duckers HJ, Zijlstra F, van der Steen T, Boersma E, Serruys PW. The ability of high dose rosuvastatin to improve plaque composition in non-intervened coronary arteries: rationale and design of the Integrated Biomarker and Imaging Study-3 (IBIS-3). EUROINTERVENTION 2012; 8:235-41. [DOI: 10.4244/eijv8i2a37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As the role of lipids and inflammation in the genesis and progression of the atherosclerosis disease is unquestionable, novel treatment modalities that target both aspects are currently under investigation. RECENT FINDINGS For a long time atherosclerosis was regarded as a lipid-driven disease, but now it is evident that it also involves the simultaneous and combined effect of inflammation and immunological pathways. The secreted PLA2s and the lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) have been associated with atherogenesis and its complications. These two enzymes produce biologically active metabolites that are involved in several phases of the atherosclerosis process. SUMMARY In animal, pathological and epidemiological studies, the increased levels of these two phospholipases (i.e. PLA2s and Lp-PLA2) have been related with an increase in complex coronary lesions and increase in major cardiovascular clinical events, respectively. Therefore, inhibition of these enzymes has become the focus of research in this last decennium. Novel pharmacological inhibitors of those enzymes such as darapladib and varespladib emerge as promising therapeutical options for treating patients with coronary artery disease. Ongoing mechanistic and clinical outcome trials will further elucidate their role in this context.
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