Badiane A, Thwing J, Williamson J, Rogier E, Diallo MA, Ndiaye D. Sensitivity and specificity for malaria classification of febrile persons by rapid diagnostic test, microscopy, parasite DNA, histidine-rich protein 2, and IgG: Dakar, Senegal 2015.
Int J Infect Dis 2022;
121:92-97. [PMID:
35504551 PMCID:
PMC10948003 DOI:
10.1016/j.ijid.2022.04.060]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Different methods for detecting Plasmodium parasite infection or exposure are available, but a systematic comparison of all these methodologies to predict malaria infection is lacking. Understanding the characteristics of respective tests is helpful in choosing the most appropriate tests for epidemiological or research purposes.
METHODS
We performed microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 496 patients presenting with febrile illness in Dakar, Senegal, in 2015. Blood samples had laboratory multiplex assays performed for Immunoglobin G serology and detection of histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) antigen. Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for different tests were calculated using PCR as the gold standard for detecting active infection. Modeling through latent class analysis compared each test to a modeled gold standard for Se/Sp estimates.
RESULTS
Against PCR, Se/Sp were 95.2%/93.7% for RDT, 90.4%/100.0% for microscopy, and 97.9%/48.1% for laboratory HRP2 detection. Compared with the modeled gold standard, Se of microscopy was 93.5% and Se of RDT, PCR, and laboratory HRP2 detection were all greater than 99%. Se/Sp of Immunoglobin G serology were substantially lower for detecting active infection.
CONCLUSIONS
Compared with single tests, a combinatorial latent class analysis approach of multiple biomarkers for detecting malaria infection from patient samples provides greater sensitivity and specificity for epidemiological estimates and research objectives.
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