1
|
Evaluation of a real-time mobile PCR device (PCR 1100) for the detection of the rabies gene in field samples. Trop Med Health 2023; 51:17. [PMID: 36932428 PMCID: PMC10020757 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-023-00501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Philippines is ranked among the top countries with 200-300 annual deaths due to rabies. Most human rabies cases have been reported in remote areas, where dog surveillance is inadequate. Therefore, a strategy to effectively improve surveillance in remote areas will increase the number of detections. Detecting pathogens using portable real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has the potential to be accepted in these areas. Thus, we aimed to develop an assay to detect the rabies virus (RABV) genome by combining the robust primer system LN34 with the PicoGene PCR1100 portable rapid instrument targeting RABV RNA (PCR1100 assay). METHODS Procedures were optimised using an LN34 primer/probe set, KAPA3G Plant PCR Kit (KAPA Biosystems), FastGene Scriptase II (NIPPON Genetics), and an artificial positive control RNA. RESULTS Positive control RNA showed an analytical limit of detection of 10 copies/µL without false positivity, generating results in approximately 32 min. Compared to dFAT or RT-qPCR using field samples, the sensitivity and specificity of the PCR1100 assay were 100%, and even lower copy numbers (approximately 10 copies/µL) were detected. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the developed assay can detect rabies RNA in field samples. Because dog-mediated rabies is endemic in remote areas, the rapidity, mobility, and practicality of the PCR1100 assay as well as the high sensitivity of the LN34 system make it an ideal tool for the confirmation of rabies in these areas.
Collapse
|
2
|
Shu T, Hunter H, Zhou Z, Sun Y, Cheng X, Ma J, Su L, Zhang X, Serpe MJ. Portable point-of-care diagnostic devices: an updated review. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5418-5435. [PMID: 34787609 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01643a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID) virus indiscriminately impacted people worldwide with unquantifiable and severe impacts on all aspects of our lives, regardless of socioeconomic status. The pandemic brought to light the very real possibility of pathogens changing and shaping the way we live, and our lack of preparedness to deal with viral/bacterial outbreaks. Importantly, the quick detection of pathogens can help prevent and control the spread of disease, making the importance of diagnostic techniques undeniable. Point-of-care diagnostics started as a supplement to standard lab-based diagnostics, and are gradually becoming mainstream. Because of this, and their importance in detecting pathogens (especially in the developing world), their development has accelerated at an unprecedented rate. In this review, we highlight some important and recent examples of point-of-care diagnostics for detecting nucleic acids, proteins, bacteria, and other biomarkers, with the intent of making apparent their positive impact on society and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shu
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Haley Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2.
| | - Ziping Zhou
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Cheng
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Ma
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lei Su
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Biosensor and Nanotheranostic, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Michael J Serpe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jain S, Nehra M, Kumar R, Dilbaghi N, Hu T, Kumar S, Kaushik A, Li CZ. Internet of medical things (IoMT)-integrated biosensors for point-of-care testing of infectious diseases. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 179:113074. [PMID: 33596516 PMCID: PMC7866895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
On global scale, the current situation of pandemic is symptomatic of increased incidences of contagious diseases caused by pathogens. The faster spread of these diseases, in a moderately short timeframe, is threatening the overall population wellbeing and conceivably the economy. The inadequacy of conventional diagnostic tools in terms of time consuming and complex laboratory-based diagnosis process is a major challenge to medical care. In present era, the development of point-of-care testing (POCT) is in demand for fast detection of infectious diseases along with “on-site” results that are helpful in timely and early action for better treatment. In addition, POCT devices also play a crucial role in preventing the transmission of infectious diseases by offering real-time testing and lab quality microbial diagnosis within minutes. Timely diagnosis and further treatment optimization facilitate the containment of outbreaks of infectious diseases. Presently, efforts are being made to support such POCT by the technological development in the field of internet of medical things (IoMT). The IoMT offers wireless-based operation and connectivity of POCT devices with health expert and medical centre. In this review, the recently developed POC diagnostics integrated or future possibilities of integration with IoMT are discussed with focus on emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases like malaria, dengue fever, influenza A (H1N1), human papilloma virus (HPV), Ebola virus disease (EVD), Zika virus (ZIKV), and coronavirus (COVID-19). The IoMT-assisted POCT systems are capable enough to fill the gap between bioinformatics generation, big rapid analytics, and clinical validation. An optimized IoMT-assisted POCT will be useful in understanding the diseases progression, treatment decision, and evaluation of efficacy of prescribed therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Jain
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Monika Nehra
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - TonyY Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, 33805-8531, United States.
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
A Direct Method for RT-PCR Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Clinical Samples. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9010037. [PMID: 33406585 PMCID: PMC7823392 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic of acute respiratory disease (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-strand RNA virus and its genomic characterization has played a vital role in the design of appropriate diagnostics tests. The current RT-PCR protocol for SARS-CoV-2 detects two regions of the viral genome, requiring RNA extraction and several hours. There is a need for fast, simple, and cost-effective detection strategies. Methods: we optimized a protocol for direct RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 without the need for nucleic acid extraction. Nasopharyngeal samples were diluted to 1:3 using diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC)-treated water. The diluted samples were incubated at 95 °C for 5 min in a thermal cycler, followed by a cooling step at 4 °C for 5 min. Samples then underwent reverse transcription real-time RT-PCR in the E and RdRp genes. Results: our direct detection protocol showed 100% concordance with the standard protocol with an average Ct value difference of 4.38 for the E region and 3.85 for the RdRp region. Conclusion: the direct PCR technique was found to be a reliable and sensitive method that can be used to reduce the time and cost of the assay by removing the need for RNA extraction. It enables the use of the assay in research, diagnostics, and screening for COVID-19 in regions with fewer economic resources, where supplies are more limited allowing for wider use for screening.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wee SK, Sivalingam SP, Yap EPH. Rapid Direct Nucleic Acid Amplification Test without RNA Extraction for SARS-CoV-2 Using a Portable PCR Thermocycler. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E664. [PMID: 32570810 PMCID: PMC7349311 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an ongoing worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). At present, confirmatory diagnosis is by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), typically taking several hours and requiring a molecular laboratory to perform. There is an urgent need for rapid, simplified, and cost-effective detection methods. We have developed and analytically validated a protocol for direct rapid extraction-free PCR (DIRECT-PCR) detection of SARS-CoV-2 without the need for nucleic acid purification. As few as six RNA copies per reaction of viral nucleocapsid (N) gene from respiratory samples such as sputum and nasal exudate can be detected directly using our one-step inhibitor-resistant assay. The performance of this assay was validated on a commercially available portable PCR thermocycler. Viral lysis, reverse transcription, amplification, and detection are achieved in a single-tube homogeneous reaction within 36 min. This minimizes hands-on time, reduces turnaround-time for sample-to-result, and obviates the need for RNA purification reagents. It could enable wider use of Covid-19 testing for diagnosis, screening, and research in countries and regions where laboratory capabilities are limiting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Peng Huat Yap
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (S.K.W.); (S.P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chowdhury AD, Takemura K, Khorish IM, Nasrin F, Ngwe Tun MM, Morita K, Park EY. The detection and identification of dengue virus serotypes with quantum dot and AuNP regulated localized surface plasmon resonance. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:699-709. [PMID: 36133234 PMCID: PMC9417854 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00763f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome has become a severe human fatal disease caused by infection with one of the four closely related but serologically distinct dengue viruses (DENVs). All four dengue serotypes are currently co-circulating throughout the subtropics and tropics. Since the fatality rate increases severely when a secondary infection occurs by a virus serotype different from that of the initial infection, serotype identification is equally important as virus detection. In this study, the development and validation of a rapid and quantitative DENV serotype-specific (serotypes 1-4) biosensor are reported by optimizing the stable system between cadmium selenide tellurium sulphide fluorescent quantum dots (CdSeTeS QDs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Four different nanoprobes are designed using each primer-probe serotype-specific hairpin single-stranded DNA covalently bound at different positions to CdSeTeS QDs, which generates an altered fluorescence signal for each serotype of DENV. In fourplex reactions with free functionalized AuNPs and the four nanoprobes, the standard dilutions of the target virus DNA from 10-15 to 10-10 M were successfully detected. The limit of detection was found to be in the femtomolar range for all four serotypes, where the serotype detection ability was undoubtedly established. To confirm the applicability of this sensing performance in long chained complex RNAs, the sensor was also applied successfully to RNAs extracted from DENV culture fluids for serotype identification as well as quantification, which can lead to a potential diagnostic probe for point-of-care detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Dutta Chowdhury
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University 836 Ohya Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Kenshin Takemura
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University 836 Ohya Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Indra Memdi Khorish
- College of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University 836 Ohya Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Fahmida Nasrin
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University 836 Ohya Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University Sakamoto 1-12-4 Nagasaki City 852-8523 Japan
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University Sakamoto 1-12-4 Nagasaki City 852-8523 Japan
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University 836 Ohya Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University 836 Ohya Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
- College of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University 836 Ohya Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| |
Collapse
|