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Farquhar RJ, Kerry Z, Mohamed Y, Morgan C, Dori A, McEwen S, Timbi D, Porau W, Tefuarani N, Pomat W, Makita L, Laman M, Robinson LJ. Baseline assessment of front-line health system capacity in vector-borne disease surveillance and response in Papua New Guinea. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2025; 5:e0004108. [PMID: 40305556 PMCID: PMC12043147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0004108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
International public health surveillance and timely response cannot exist without strengthened local surveillance and response systems. Supporting front-line healthcare workers to embed the use of innovative electronic health information systems into adaptable and sustainable processes within their contexts is essential for response to ongoing vector-borne diseases (VBDs) and emerging infectious diseases in resource-constrained settings such as Papua New Guinea (PNG). Baseline health service assessments were conducted at eight provinces to inform the implementation of the STRIVE-Tupaia platform. The STRIVE-Tupaia platform is an innovative electronic real-time data aggregation platform in PNG where healthcare workers are able to review, interpret and respond to febrile illness, molecular diagnostic and vector surveillance data to support evidence-based decision making. Baseline health service assessments involved semi-structured interviews and structured observations of facility procedures. Quantitative data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, while the qualitative data were thematically coded in NVivo12 (QSR International Pty Ltd). A deductive analysis focussed on the health systems barriers and enablers using the WHO's seven component health systems framework. An inductive analysis explored these impacts for vector-borne disease services specifically. Results indicated barriers to VBD reporting, notification and response including limited training, infrastructure challenges, overstretched workforce and limited governance support. Key learnings from STRIVE's baseline health facility assessments have been used to inform the implementation of the STRIVE-Tupaia platform and improve health care workers routine reporting, notification and response to vector-borne diseases in Papua New Guinea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zebedee Kerry
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Yasmin Mohamed
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher Morgan
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Jhpiego, the Johns Hopkins University affiliate, Washington, United States of America
| | - Annie Dori
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
- National Malaria Control Program, National Department of Health, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea,
| | | | - Diana Timbi
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Willie Porau
- National Department of Health, Central Public Health Laboratory, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Nakapi Tefuarani
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - William Pomat
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Leo Makita
- National Malaria Control Program, National Department of Health, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea,
| | - Moses Laman
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Leanne J. Robinson
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Park K, Kim K, Kim J, Noh J, Kim SG, Cho HK, Seo YR, Kim JI, Park MS, Kim WK, Song JW. Web Visualization for Spatiotemporal Genomic Epidemiology, Annotation, and Mutation Dynamics of Orthohantavirus hantanense Using Nextstrain. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2025; 112:871-874. [PMID: 39874598 PMCID: PMC11965749 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2025] Open
Abstract
The phylogeographic inference approach aims to connect genomic data with epidemiology to understand the spread and evolution of pathogens using visualization of spatiotemporal reconstructions. Orthohantavirus hantanense (HTNV), the causative agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), represents a significant global public health concern. Here, we introduce a localized Nextstrain platform for HTNV, offering a comprehensive resource for facilitating spatiotemporal genomic surveillance and the study of evolutionary dynamics of viral genomes. Nextstrain enables web-based visualization and simple sharing of graphic and numeric data through unique web addresses. The Nextstrain build for HTNV stands out for its user-friendly interface and is readily accessible online at https://nextstrain.org/community/KU-MV/Hantavirus. This study provides valuable insights into genomic surveillance, viral phylodynamics, and the evolutionary history of orthohantaviruses for the development of public health policies against endemic HFRS outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Park
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kijin Kim
- Centre for Infectious Disease Genomics and One Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Jongwoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Noh
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-rin Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Il Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Carrazco-Montalvo A, Gutiérrez-Pallo D, Arévalo V, Ponce P, Rodríguez-Polit C, Alarcón D, Echeverría-Garcés G, Coloma J, Nipaz V, Cevallos V. Whole Genome Sequencing of DENV-2 isolated from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Genomic epidemiology of genotype III Southern Asian-American in the country. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.06.579255. [PMID: 38370752 PMCID: PMC10871324 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.06.579255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Ecuador is a tropical country reporting Dengue virus (DENV) outbreaks with areas of hyperendemic viral transmission. Entomo-virological surveillance and monitoring effort conducted in the Northwestern border province of Esmeraldas in April 2022, five pools of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from a rural community tested positive for DENV serotype 2 by RT-qPCR. One pool was sequenced by Illumina MiSeq, and it corresponded to genotype III Southern Asian-American. Comparison with other genomes revealed genetic similarity to a human DENV genome sequenced in 2021, also from Esmeraldas. Potential introduction events to the country could have originated from Colombia, considering the vicinity of the collection sites to the neighboring country and high human movement. The inclusion of genomic information complements entomo-virological surveillance, providing valuable insights into genetic variants. This contribution enhances our understanding of Dengue virus (DENV) epidemiology in rural areas and guides evidence-based decisions for surveillance and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Carrazco-Montalvo
- Centro de Referencia Nacional de Genómica, Secuenciación y Bioinformática (GENSBIO), Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (INSPI), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diana Gutiérrez-Pallo
- Centro de Referencia Nacional de Genómica, Secuenciación y Bioinformática (GENSBIO), Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (INSPI), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Valentina Arévalo
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Vectoriales (CIREV), Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (INSPI), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Patricio Ponce
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Vectoriales (CIREV), Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (INSPI), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Polit
- Centro de Referencia Nacional de Genómica, Secuenciación y Bioinformática (GENSBIO), Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (INSPI), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Damaris Alarcón
- Centro de Referencia Nacional de Genómica, Secuenciación y Bioinformática (GENSBIO), Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (INSPI), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Echeverría-Garcés
- Centro de Referencia Nacional de Genómica, Secuenciación y Bioinformática (GENSBIO), Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (INSPI), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Josefina Coloma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Victoria Nipaz
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Varsovia Cevallos
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Vectoriales (CIREV), Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (INSPI), Quito, Ecuador
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Onoja BA, Maiga M, Adesola RO, Adamu AM, Adegboye OA. Changing Ecotypes of Dengue Virus 2 Serotype in Nigeria and the Emergence of Cosmopolitan and Asian I Lineages, 1966-2019. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:547. [PMID: 36992135 PMCID: PMC10052944 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a leading mosquito-borne virus with a wide geographical spread and a major public health concern. DENV serotype 1 (DENV-1) and serotype 2 (DENV-2) were first reported in Africa in 1964 in Ibadan, Nigeria. Although the burden of dengue is unknown in many African countries, DENV-2 is responsible for major epidemics. In this study, we investigated the activities of DENV-2 to determine the circulating strains and to appraise the changing dynamics in the epidemiology of the virus in Nigeria. Nineteen DENV-2 sequences from 1966-2019 in Nigeria were retrieved from the GenBank of the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI). A DENV genotyping tool was used to identify the specific genotypes. The evolutionary history procedure was performed on 54 DENV-2 sequences using MEGA 7. There is a deviation from Sylvatic DENV-2 to other genotypes in Nigeria. In 2019, the Asian I genotype of DENV-2 was predominant in southern Edo State, located in the tropical rainforest region, with the first report of the DENV-2 Cosmopolitan strain. We confirmed the circulation of other non-assigned genotypes of DENV-2 in Nigeria. Collectively, this shows that DENV-2 dynamics have changed from Sylvatic transmission reported in the 1960s with the identification of the Cosmopolitan strain and Asian lineages. Sustained surveillance, including vectorial studies, is required to fully establish the trend and determine the role of these vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard A. Onoja
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Mamoudou Maiga
- Centre for Innovation in Global Health Technologies, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ridwan O. Adesola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Andrew M. Adamu
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Building 48, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja 900105, Nigeria
| | - Oyelola A. Adegboye
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Building 48, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Public Health and Tropical Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vector-Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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