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Briggs Early K, Valencia SI, Stendell‐Hollis N, Klyve D, Gee DL. Hypertension Prevalence and Related Risk Factors Among Mexican American Adults Are Increasing: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2018. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e030126. [PMID: 38818945 PMCID: PMC11255634 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acculturation affects hypertension prevalence among Hispanic people, but there have been no recent analyses specifically focused on Mexican American (MA) people. We sought to determine age-adjusted hypertension prevalence, abdominal obesity, and acculturation trends among MA adults and non-Hispanic White adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Data from the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) were analyzed in 2-year increments to observe trends in hypertension and risk factors (age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, abdominal obesity, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), education, and income). Acculturation was based on three commonly used measures. The sample included 30 920 adults. Age-adjusted hypertension prevalence is higher in MA adults (52.7%) than White adults (48.3%). Hypertension risk factors-age, obesity prevalence, WHtR, acculturation-all significantly increased among MA adults, while smoking declined. Higher acculturation scores increased hypertension likelihood (odds ratio [OR], 1.44 [95% CI, 0.91-1.97]) for MA adults compared with those with lower acculturation scores. White adults with elevated WHtR >0.5 had a 40% higher risk of hypertension than those with WHtR <0.5, but among MA adults, elevated WHtR did not increase risk for hypertension. There was a significant increase in hypertension prevalence among MA adults from 2003 to 2018 at an average biennial rate of 2.23%. There was no change in hypertension prevalence among White adults from 1999 to 2018. CONCLUSIONS Over 20 years of NHANES, more highly acculturated MA adults were at greater risk for hypertension, despite declines in smoking and controlling for age, sex, obesity status, education, and income. Finding ways to promote more traditional lifestyle and eating habits for MA adults could be a beneficial approach to reducing hypertension risk factors in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathaleen Briggs Early
- Department of Biomedical SciencesPacific Northwest University of Health SciencesYakimaWAUSA
| | - Sandra I. Valencia
- Department of Health SciencesCentral Washington UniversityEllensburgWAUSA
| | | | - Dominic Klyve
- Department of MathematicsCentral Washington UniversityEllensburgWAUSA
| | - David L. Gee
- Department of Health SciencesCentral Washington UniversityEllensburgWAUSA
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Desai S, Gonzalez T, Echeverria S, Vasquez E, Murillo R. The association between work-related activities and leisure-time physical activity among Latinos. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2024; 29:423-434. [PMID: 38361374 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2024.2311432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Latinos engage in high levels of occupational physical activity, yet low levels of leisure-time physical activity. Limited research has examined specific work-based activities that may contribute to leisure-time physical activity for meeting current physical activity recommendations among Latinos. The purpose of our study was to examine associations between frequency of work-related exertion and standing/walking with meeting the aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines among Latinos and whether associations varied by nativity. DESIGN We used cross-sectional 2015 National Health Interview Survey data on Latinos ≥18 years of age (n = 3162). Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between the frequency of work-related activities with meeting the aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, Latino subpopulation, shift work, and nativity. We also examined whether associations varied by nativity. RESULTS In adjusted models, compared with those never engaging in exertion at work, participants always exerting themselves were significantly less likely to meet the aerobic activity guideline (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.66, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.51-0.87). Compared with those never standing/walking at work, participants seldom standing/walking were also less likely to meet the aerobic activity guideline (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.95). Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, Latino subpopulation, shift work, and nativity. When stratified by nativity, the patterns in the strength of the associations were similar, while differences were observed in the associations of work-related activities with meeting guidelines. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that engaging in higher frequency of exertion and standing/walking at work are associated with being less likely to meet the aerobic physical activity guideline during leisure time among Latinos, with variation observed in meeting guidelines by nativity. Insight into physical activities performed at work could inform efforts aimed at promoting recommended levels of physical activity among Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Desai
- Department of Psychiatric and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- University of Houston, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tailisha Gonzalez
- City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, NY, USA
- City University of New York (CUNY) Lehman College, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Echeverria
- Department of Public Health Education; Greensboro, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Vasquez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Rensselaer, University of Albany State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Rosenda Murillo
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Pérez-Flores NJ, Pineros-Leano M, Damian K, Toney AM, Aguayo L. Barriers and facilitators of physical activity among Latina immigrant and Mexican mothers living in the US and Mexico: A qualitative study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290227. [PMID: 37651357 PMCID: PMC10470970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Latina immigrant women are among the least physically active when compared with women in other racial/ethnic groups in the US. Similarly, Mexican mothers in Mexico have low rates of physical activity. Motherhood and immigration experiences are recognized barriers to engage in physical activity among Latina immigrant mothers. Less is known about the factors that promote and limit physical activity engagement among Mexican mothers in Mexico, and how their experiences compare with their immigrant counterparts. This transnational qualitative study aimed to investigate the barriers and facilitators of physical activity of 25 Latina mothers in Mexico and the US. Low-income Mexican mothers of kindergarten aged children and Latino mothers of similar aged children were recruited in San Luis Potosí, Mexico and central Illinois, US. Semi-structured interviews were administered by two bilingual and bicultural researchers in participants language of preference. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a thematic network approach and multi-stage coding analysis guided by the Socio-Ecological Model framework. We found that at the macro-level: 1) familial obligations, and 2) cold weather after migrating; at the mezzo-level: 1) changes in walking patterns, and 2) social cohesion (e.g., lack of an invitation to engage in activities); and at the micro-level: 1) individual perceptions, particularly unattainable perceptions of physical activity and 2) shift exhaustion were perceived as barriers and occasionally facilitators of physical activity by mothers in both countries. Context-specific interventions are needed to increase women's physical activity levels in the US and Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Pineros-Leano
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Katherine Damian
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ashley M. Toney
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Liliana Aguayo
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Fernández-Rhodes L, McArdle CE, Rao H, Wang Y, Martinez-Miller EE, Ward JB, Cai J, Sofer T, Isasi CR, North KE. A Gene-Acculturation Study of Obesity Among US Hispanic/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Psychosom Med 2023; 85:358-365. [PMID: 36917487 PMCID: PMC10159946 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the United States, Hispanic/Latino adults face a high burden of obesity; yet, not all individuals are equally affected, partly due in part to this ethnic group's marked sociocultural diversity. We sought to analyze the modification of body mass index (BMI) genetic effects in Hispanic/Latino adults by their level of acculturation, a complex biosocial phenomenon that remains understudied. METHODS Among 11,747 Hispanic/Latinos adults in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos aged 18 to 76 years from four urban communities (2008-2011), we a) tested our hypothesis that the effect of a genetic risk score (GRS) for increased BMI may be exacerbated by higher levels of acculturation and b) examined if GRS acculturation interactions varied by gender or Hispanic/Latino background group. All genetic modeling controlled for relatedness, age, gender, principal components of ancestry, center, and complex study design within a generalized estimated equation framework. RESULTS We observed a GRS increase of 0.34 kg/m 2 per risk allele in weighted mean BMI. The estimated main effect of GRS on BMI varied both across acculturation level and across gender. The difference between high and low acculturation ranged from 0.03 to 0.23 kg/m 2 per risk allele, but varied across acculturation measure and gender. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the presence of effect modification by acculturation, with stronger effects on BMI among highly acculturated individuals and female immigrants. Future studies of obesity in the Hispanic/Latino community should account for sociocultural environments and consider their intersection with gender to better target obesity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Fernández-Rhodes
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Cristin E. McArdle
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Hridya Rao
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Erline E. Martinez-Miller
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Julia B. Ward
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Social & Scientific Systems, a DLH Holdings Company, Durham, NC
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Carmen R. Isasi
- Departments of Epidemiology & Population Health and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Greaney ML, Xu F, Ward-Ritacco CL, Cohen SA, Ellis KA, Riebe D. Does Healthcare Provider Counseling for Weight Management Behaviors among Hispanic Adults Who Are Overweight/Obese Vary by Acculturation Level? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2778. [PMID: 36833475 PMCID: PMC9957032 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study explored differences in the receipt of health care provider (HCP) counseling to control/lose weight and adopt weight-related lifestyle behavior changes among Hispanic respondents according to acculturation level. Differences in reported action regarding HCP counseling were also examined. Data from four National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2011-2018) were analyzed, with the analytic sample limited to Hispanic respondents who were overweight/obese. Respondents' acculturation levels were derived from their reported country of origin and the primary language spoken at home. Respondents who reported speaking only Spanish or more Spanish than English at home were classified as primarily speaking Spanish at home. In contrast, those who reported speaking Spanish and English equally, more English than Spanish, or only English were categorized as primarily speaking English at home. Weighted multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to determine if differences in acculturation levels existed regarding the likelihood of receiving HCP counseling to (1) control/lose weight, (2) increase exercise/PA, and (3) reduce fat/calorie intake. Similar analyses examined differences in reported action regarding HCP counseling according to acculturation level. The analysis found no significant differences in receiving HCP counseling according to acculturation level. However, non-US-born respondents who primarily spoke Spanish at home were less likely than US-born respondents to report acting to control/lose weight (p = 0.009) or increase exercise/PA (p = 0.048), but were more likely to report having taken action to reduce fat/calorie intake (p = 0.016). This study revealed differences between acting on recommendations of health care professionals according to acculturation level, indicating a need for interventions tailored to acculturation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L. Greaney
- Department of Health Studies, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Furong Xu
- School of Education, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | | | - Steven A. Cohen
- Department of Health Studies, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Kerri A. Ellis
- College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Deborah Riebe
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Alemán JO, Almandoz JP, Frias JP, Galindo RJ. Obesity among Latinx people in the United States: A review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:329-337. [PMID: 36695058 PMCID: PMC9937439 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious, chronic disease that is associated with a range of adiposity-based comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In the United States, obesity is a public health crisis, affecting more than 40% of the population. Obesity disproportionately affects Latinx people, who have a higher prevalence of obesity and related comorbidities (such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) compared with the general population. Many factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental factors, traditional calorie-dense Latinx diets, family dynamics, and differences in socioeconomic status, contribute to the increased prevalence and complexity of treating obesity in the Latinx population. Additionally, significant heterogeneity within the Latinx population and disparities in health care access and utilization between Latinx people and the general population add to the challenge of obesity management. Culturally tailored interventions have been successful for managing obesity and related comorbidities in Latinx people. Antiobesity medications and bariatric surgery are also important options for obesity treatment in Latinx people. As highlighted in this review, when managing obesity in the Latinx population, it is critical to consider the impact of genetic, dietary, cultural, and socioeconomic factors, in order to implement an individualized treatment strategy.
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Gough Courtney M, Carroll A. Sex differences in overweight and obesity among Mexican Americans in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: A comparison of measures. SSM Popul Health 2022; 20:101297. [PMID: 36451850 PMCID: PMC9703813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, and disparities by race, ethnicity, and gender, have caused concern among public health practitioners, health care providers, and others, in part because overweight and obesity may be linked to chronic health problems and weight stigma. Researchers have traditionally relied upon body mass index (BMI) as a measure of overweight and obesity, despite its limitations. In this study we apply an intersectional framework and use data from the 2011-2018 waves of the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to study sex differences in the risk of overweight and obesity among Mexican Americans, triangulating three measures that proxy for overweight and obesity: BMI, high waist circumference, and high percent body fat. We assess heterogeneity across nativity, education, income by parenthood status, food security, time in the United States (for immigrants), and receipt of SNAP/WIC benefits (for the low-income sample). Results from logistic regression models indicate choice of cutoff values and measure are critical to determining whether sex disparities exist. We find no evidence of disparities in BMI but evidence of greater risk for females using traditional cutoff values for high waist circumference and high percent body fat. Adjusted cutoff values provide differing results. Minimal heterogeneity is seen. Results reinforce the importance of considering sex disparities and emphasize the importance of critically examining measures that proxy for overweight and obesity risk, given the high stakes surrounding weight stigma.
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Juárez SP, Honkaniemi H, Gustafsson NK, Rostila M, Berg L. Health Risk Behaviours by Immigrants’ Duration of Residence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604437. [PMID: 35990194 PMCID: PMC9388735 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim was to systematically review and synthesise international evidence on changes in health risk behaviours by immigrants’ duration of residence. Methods: We searched literature databases for peer-reviewed quantitative studies published from 2000 to 2019, examining alcohol, drug and tobacco use; physical inactivity; and dietary habits by duration of residence. Results: Narrative synthesis indicated that immigrants tend to adopt health risk behaviours with longer residence in North America, with larger variation in effect sizes and directionality in other contexts. Random-effects meta-analyses examining the pooled effect across all receiving countries and immigrant groups showed lower odds of smoking (OR 0.54, 0.46–0.63, I2 = 68.7%) and alcohol use (OR 0.61, 0.47–0.75, I2 = 93.5%) and higher odds of physical inactivity (OR 1.71, 1.40–2.02, I2 = 99.1%) among immigrants than natives, but did not provide support for a universal trend by duration of residence. Conclusion: Findings suggest that duration of residence could serve as an effective instrument to monitor immigrants’ health changes. However, differences in receiving country contexts and immigrant populations’ composition seem to be important to predict the level and direction of behavioural change. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, PROSPERO CRD42018108881.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol P. Juárez
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Sol P. Juárez,
| | - Helena Honkaniemi
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina-Katri Gustafsson
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rostila
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Berg
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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McArdle CE, Bokhari H, Rodell CC, Buchanan V, Preudhomme LK, Isasi CR, Graff M, North K, Gallo LC, Pirzada A, Daviglus ML, Wojcik G, Cai J, Perreira K, Fernandez-Rhodes L. Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos on the Importance of Sociocultural Environmental Interactors: Polygenic Risk Score-by-Immigration and Dietary Interactions. Front Genet 2021; 12:720750. [PMID: 34938310 PMCID: PMC8685455 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.720750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hispanic/Latinos experience a disproportionate burden of obesity. Acculturation to US obesogenic diet and practices may lead to an exacerbation of innate genetic susceptibility. We examined the role of gene-environment interactions to better characterize the sociocultural environmental determinants and their genome-scale interactions, which may contribute to missing heritability of obesity. We utilized polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for body mass index (BMI) to perform analyses of PRS-by-acculturation and other environmental interactors among self-identified Hispanic/Latino adults from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Methods: PRSs were derived using genome-wide association study (GWAS) weights from a publicly available, large meta-analysis of European ancestry samples. Generalized linear models were run using a set of a priori acculturation-related and environmental factors measured at visit 1 (2008-2011) and visit 2 (2014-2016) in an analytic subsample of 8,109 unrelated individuals with genotypic, phenotypic, and complete case data at both visits. We evaluated continuous measures of BMI and waist-to-hip ratio. All models were weighted for complex sampling design, combined, and sex-stratified. Results: Overall, we observed a consistent increase of BMI with greater PRS across both visits. We found the best-fitting model adjusted for top five principal components of ancestry, sex, age, study site, Hispanic/Latino background genetic ancestry group, sociocultural factors and PRS interactions with age at immigration, years since first arrival to the United States (p < 0.0104), and healthy diet (p < 0.0036) and explained 16% of the variation in BMI. For every 1-SD increase in PRS, there was a corresponding 1.10 kg/m2 increase in BMI (p < 0.001). When these results were stratified by sex, we observed that this 1-SD effect of PRS on BMI was greater for women than men (1.45 vs. 0.79 kg/m2, p < 0.001). Discussion: We observe that age at immigration and the adoption of certain dietary patterns may play a significant role in modifying the effect of genetic risk on obesity. Careful consideration of sociocultural and immigration-related factors should be evaluated. The role of nongenetic factors, including the social environment, should not be overlooked when describing the performance of PRS or for promoting population health in understudied populations in genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristin E. McArdle
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Cristin E. McArdle,
| | - Hassan Bokhari
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Clinton C. Rodell
- Carey Business School, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Victoria Buchanan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Liana K. Preudhomme
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Carmen R. Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kari North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States,Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Linda C. Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Amber Pirzada
- Institute for Minority Health Research, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Martha L. Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Genevieve Wojcik
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Krista Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lindsay Fernandez-Rhodes
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Liu B, Du Y, Wu Y, Snetselaar LG, Wallace RB, Bao W. Trends in obesity and adiposity measures by race or ethnicity among adults in the United States 2011-18: population based study. BMJ 2021; 372:n365. [PMID: 33727242 PMCID: PMC7961695 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the trends in obesity and adiposity measures, including body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and lean mass, by race or ethnicity among adults in the United States from 2011 to 2018. DESIGN Population based study. SETTING National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-18. PARTICIPANTS A nationally representative sample of US adults aged 20 years or older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Weight, height, and waist circumference among adults aged 20 years or older were measured by trained technicians using standardized protocols. Obesity was defined as body mass index of 30 or higher for non-Asians and 27.5 or higher for Asians. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference of 102 cm or larger for men and 88 cm or larger for women. Body fat percentage and lean mass were measured among adults aged 20-59 years by using dual energy x ray absorptiometry. RESULTS This study included 21 399 adults from NHANES 2011-18. Body mass index was measured for 21 093 adults, waist circumference for 20 080 adults, and body fat percentage for 10 864 adults. For the overall population, age adjusted prevalence of general obesity increased from 35.4% (95% confidence interval 32.5% to 38.3%) in 2011-12 to 43.4% (39.8% to 47.0%) in 2017-18 (P for trend<0.001), and age adjusted prevalence of abdominal obesity increased from 54.5% (51.2% to 57.8%) in 2011-12 to 59.1% (55.6% to 62.7%) in 2017-18 (P for trend=0.02). Age adjusted mean body mass index increased from 28.7 (28.2 to 29.1) in 2011-12 to 29.8 (29.2 to 30.4) in 2017-18 (P for trend=0.001), and age adjusted mean waist circumference increased from 98.4 cm (97.4 to 99.5 cm) in 2011-12 to 100.5 cm (98.9 to 102.1 cm) in 2017-18 (P for trend=0.01). Significant increases were observed in body mass index and waist circumference among the Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic Asian groups (all P for trend<0.05), but not for the non-Hispanic black group. For body fat percentage, a significant increase was observed among non-Hispanic Asians (30.6%, 29.8% to 31.4% in 2011-12; 32.7%, 32.0% to 33.4% in 2017-18; P for trend=0.001), but not among other racial or ethnic groups. The age adjusted mean lean mass decreased in the non-Hispanic black group and increased in the non-Hispanic Asian group, but no statistically significant changes were found in other racial or ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS Among US adults, an increasing trend was found in obesity and adiposity measures from 2011 to 2018, although disparities exist among racial or ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yuxiao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Linda G Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Robert B Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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11
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Cancio R. Experiences With Machismo and Pain: Latino Veterans. Am J Mens Health 2020; 14:1557988320976304. [PMID: 33256534 PMCID: PMC7711234 DOI: 10.1177/1557988320976304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical and emotional pain from combat-related injuries and experiences are serious problems among Latino veterans. This study fleshes out existing cultural constructs and concepts (e.g., machismo and familism) from the participants' point of view and may serve as an important step in unraveling the influence of Latino culture on pain, providing a deeper and more critical theorization between masculinity, race/ethnicity, and the military. Using 26 interviews from U.S.-born Latino veterans, this study analyzes the meanings and experiences of pain from combat, masculinity, and how culture affects expressions of pain. The following themes emerged: (a) Latino culture and ethnicity, (b) machismo and pain, (c) the transforming self, and (d) feeling disconnected and dealing with pain. Overall, respondents were governed by strict gender standards influenced by their ethnic identity and exacerbated by military masculinity. Findings suggest that the study of race/ethnicity acts as a fundamental framework from which to understand the experiences and behaviors of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cancio
- Department of Sociology, Loyola
Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Wang Y, Pan L, Wan SP, Yi HWL, Yang F, He HJ, Li Z, Zhang J, Yong ZP, Shan GL. Association between age at arrival, duration of migration, and overweight/obesity in Chinese rural-to-urban migrants: the Yi migrant study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 134:60-67. [PMID: 32826606 PMCID: PMC7862807 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Urbanization in China is rapidly proceeding, but rural-to-urban migration and its association with overweight and obesity is not well studied. This study aimed to explore the age at arrival, duration of migration, and the corresponding association with overweight/obesity in Yi migrants in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural and urban areas in 2015 in Sichuan province, China. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and anthropometry were collected. General linear regression models were used to assess the effect of duration of migration (1–10, 11–20, 21–30, and >30 years) on body mass index (BMI). Multi-variable logistic regression was used to examine the association between duration of migration and overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Results: A total of 3056 Yi people (1894 Yi farmers and 1162 Yi migrants) aged 20 to 80 years were enrolled. After adjusting for age, sex, and other potential confounders, Yi migrants had 1.71 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–2.06) higher BMI and a 2.13-fold (95% CI: 1.71–2.65) higher risk of overweight/obesity than Yi farmers. In Yi migrants, stratified by age at arrival, no significant association between duration of migration and overweight/obesity was observed in those who were 0 to 20 years old at arrival. In comparison, in migrants >20 years old at arrival, compared with the reference group (1–10 years), long-term migration (>30 years) was found to be associated with overweight/obesity after adjustment (odds ratio: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.04–3.29). Conclusions: Yi migrants were observed to have greater risk of overweight/obesity than Yi farmers. In Yi migrants, the risk of overweight/obesity increased according to the duration of migration, especially in those who were older upon their arrival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shao-Ping Wan
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Huo-Wu-Li Yi
- Puge Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liangshan, Sichuan 615000, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Xichang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liangshan, Sichuan 615000, China
| | - Hui-Jing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Xichang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liangshan, Sichuan 615000, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zheng-Ping Yong
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Guang-Liang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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13
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Streb AR, Duca GFD, Silva RPD, Benedet J, Malta DC. [Simultaneity of risk behaviors for obesity in adults in the capitals of Brazil]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:2999-3007. [PMID: 32785536 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020258.27752018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this study was to verify the association between risk behaviors and obesity in adults (18 to 59 years of age) in Brazilian capitals. It involved a cross-sectional population-based study conducted by telephone interview. The self-reported variables were obesity, defined by weight and height (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) and risk behaviors: physical inactivity (≤ 149 minutes/week), excess sedentarism (≥ 4 hours/day), frequent consumption of sweets (≥ 5 days/week) and meat with fat and/or chicken with skin (≥ 1 day/week). The simultaneity of risk behaviors was analyzed for reasons of observed and expected prevalence. The Poisson and multinomial logistic regressions were used in crude analyses and adjusted for sociodemographic factors. Among the 35,448 adults, the simultaneous consumption of meat with fat, excess sedentarism and physical inactivity (PR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.60), as well as the presence of the four risk behaviors (PR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.53) were associated with obesity in men. In women, the simultaneous consumption of sweets and meat with fat (PR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.66) was also associated with the outcome. In both sexes, there was an increase in the tendency of obesity according to the sum total of risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ribeiro Streb
- Centro de Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Giovani Firpo Del Duca
- Centro de Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Robert Passos da Silva
- Centro de Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Jucemar Benedet
- Centro de Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Deborah Carvalho Malta
- Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
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14
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Murillo R, Reesor-Oyer LM, Hernandez DC, Liu Y, Obasi EM. Neighborhood Walkability and Overweight/Obese Weight Status Among Latino Adults. Am J Health Promot 2020; 34:599-607. [PMID: 32133864 DOI: 10.1177/0890117120907869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine whether aerobic physical activity mediates the association between neighborhood walkability and overweight/obesity weight status among Latino adults and whether the relative contribution of this pathway linking neighborhood walkability and aerobic activity varies by level of neighborhood social cohesion. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2015. SAMPLE NHIS adult Latino participants ≥18 years of age (n = 4303). MEASURES Neighborhood walkability, neighborhood social cohesion, body mass index, and aerobic physical activity. ANALYSIS To determine whether physical activity mediates the relationship of walkability with overweight/obese weight status, a simple mediation analysis was conducted. Additionally, a moderated mediation analysis was conducted to test whether neighborhood social cohesion had a moderating effect on this relationship. RESULTS On average, the sample was 41 years old, 51% were male, 34% had less than a high school education, and 57% were foreign-born. Neighborhood walkability was statistically significantly related to overweight/obese weight status (standardized effect= -0.05, standard error [SE] = 0.02, P = .01). The interaction between walkability and neighborhood social cohesion on physical activity was not significant (standardized effect = 0.06, SE = 0.03, P = .09). Thus, the indirect effect of walkability on overweight/obesity weight status through physical activity was not shown to be modified by neighborhood social cohesion. CONCLUSION Other neighborhood environment factors may play a role in the contribution of neighborhood walkability to overweight/obese weight status among Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosenda Murillo
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,HEALTH Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Layton M Reesor-Oyer
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Houston, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daphne C Hernandez
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,HEALTH Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Health and Human Performance, Houston, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ezemenari M Obasi
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,HEALTH Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Gee GC, de Castro A, Crespi C, Wang M, Hing A, Bacong A, Llave K. Pre-acculturation as a risk factor for obesity: Findings from the Health of Philippine Emigrants Study (HoPES). SSM Popul Health 2019; 9:100482. [PMID: 31709297 PMCID: PMC6831884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immigrants to the United States may have an advantage in terms of healthier weight, but tend to gain excessive weight after arrival, and may suffer from obesity and related health conditions. Acculturation theory suggests that this increase in obesity risk is due to adoption of unhealthy western dietary behaviors, and assumes that "eastern/traditional" dietary behaviors prior to migration are healthier. While this assumption is supported by studies conducted several decades ago, the phenomenon of globalization that has risen since the 1990s has increased exposure to western ideas and behaviors in communities worldwide. Hence, today's immigrants are more likely to have already adopted less healthy behaviors that increase obesity risk prior to their arrival in the U.S., a phenomenon we term "pre-acculturation." The present study investigates the role of pre-acculturation in obesity development among immigrants from the Philippines. Data come from the Health of Philippine Emigrants Study, fielded in 2017 (n = 1632). Pre-acculturation was measured with English proficiency, preparation to migrate, receiving care packages, texting, telephone, or internet contact with friends/family in the U.S. Outcomes included the body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), waist circumference (WC, cm), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR). Covariates included age, gender, education, financial strain, physical activity, and diet. Migrants reported greater English proficiency, preparation, and a slightly lower WHtR than non-migrants, but did not differ on BMI, WC, or WHR. Preparation was associated with greater BMI, WC, and WHtR, and the effects of preparation status differed by migration status. Among migrants, more preparation was associated with greater BMI, WC, and WtHR. Further, among non-migrants, texting and telephone communications was related to lower BMI, WC, and WHR. In summary, pre-acculturation may be a risk factor for obesity in the Philippines, suggesting that binary notions of "Western" versus "eastern/traditional" cultures may be too simplistic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - May Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Anna Hing
- University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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16
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Perera MJ, Chirinos DA, Brintz CE, Schneiderman N, Daviglus M, Talavera GA, Perreira KM, Giacinto RAE, Qi Q, Llabre MM. Body Mass of U.S. Hispanics/Latinos From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL): How Do Diet Quality and Sedentary Time Relate? HISPANIC HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL 2019; 18:55-63. [PMID: 31565964 DOI: 10.1177/1540415319874809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Little evidence exists on diet quality- and sedentary time-related differences in body mass index (BMI) among immigrant and nonimmigrant Hispanics/Latinos with different lengths of U.S. residence. A total of 13,962 (80.2% foreign-born) Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) participants aged 18 to 60 from four U.S. cities (Bronx, NY; Chicago, IL; Miami, FL; and San Diego, CA) underwent standardized interviews and fasting blood tests. Diet quality was total Alternative Healthy Eating Index score. Sedentary time was number of <100 counts/minute over 3 to 6 days. BMI was examined using regression models adjusted for age, income, Hispanic/Latino background, HCHS/SOL site, and tobacco use. Two three-way interactions (diet or sedentary time length of residence sex) were tested to examine health behavior-related differences in BMI among immigrant and nonimmigrant males and females. The diet length of residence sex interaction was significant (b = .005, 95% confidence interval [-.003, .008]). For a 10-unit Alternative Healthy Eating Index difference, the BMI difference was greater among immigrant females in the United States longer (0 years = .84 kg/m2; 10 years = 1.64 kg/m2). Diet-related obesity prevention efforts may start soon after migration, particularly for immigrant women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qibin Qi
- Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Le Y, Gao Z, Gomez SL, Pope Z, Dong R, Allen L, Chang MW, Wang JHY. Acculturation and Adherence to Physical Activity Recommendations Among Chinese American and Non-Hispanic White Breast Cancer Survivors. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 21:80-88. [PMID: 29569102 PMCID: PMC6151158 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chinese American breast cancer survivors' adherence to recommended physical activity (PA) guidelines has been understudied. This study investigated their PA adherence by acculturation level (vs. non-Hispanic White (NHW) survivors). One hundred ninety five Chinese and 202 NHW breast cancer survivors (stage 0-III) responded to a cross-sectional survey including a self-reported PA questionnaire. PA adherence referred to meeting PA recommendations for cancer survivors. Acculturation among Chinese was defined by proxies of U.S. residency, English proficiency, and interview language. Logistic regression was performed to examine factors associated with PA adherence. More-acculturated Chinese survivors' PA adherence rate was 76%. Less-acculturated Chinese survivors' adherence rate (60%) was significantly lower than that of NHWs (80%) (OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.19, 0.75). Less-acculturated Chinese survivors were also less likely to engage in vigorous-intensity PA than NHWs (p < 0.01). Future research on less-acculturated Chinese survivors' motivation for PA to promote their adherence is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Le
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zan Gao
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Scarlett Lin Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Pope
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ruocheng Dong
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Control Program of Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3300 Whitehaven Street, NW, Suite 4100, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Laura Allen
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mei-Wei Chang
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Judy Huei-Yu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Control Program of Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3300 Whitehaven Street, NW, Suite 4100, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
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18
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Echeverría SE, Divney A, Rodriguez F, Sterling M, Vasquez E, Murillo R, Lopez L. Nativity and Occupational Determinants of Physical Activity Participation Among Latinos. Am J Prev Med 2019; 56:84-92. [PMID: 30442464 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Latinos in the U.S. bear a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular risk factors, including physical inactivity. Previous research among Latinos has focused on leisure-time physical activity, limiting understanding of the different ways in which populations, particularly working-class groups, achieve recommended levels of physical activity. This study examined associations of race/ethnicity; nativity; and leisure-time, transportation, and occupation-related physical activity among Latino and non-Latino white adults. METHODS Participants sampled in the 2007-2012 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey self-reported domain-specific physical activity. Data were analyzed in 2016-2017 using multivariable log binomial regression models to examine differences in meeting guidelines for each physical activity domain separately and as total physical activity among Latinos (n=4,692) and non-Latino whites (n=7,788). Models were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and health status and tested interactions between nativity and occupational categories. RESULTS In adjusted models, foreign-born Latinos (prevalence ratio=0.70, 95% CI=0.63, 0.77) and U.S.-born Latinos (prevalence ratio=0.85, 95% CI=0.76, 0.95) were least likely to meet physical activity guidelines through occupation-related and leisure time physical activity, when compared with non-Latino whites. By contrast, foreign-born Latinos were more likely to meet physical activity guidelines through transportation physical activity than non-Latino whites (prevalence ratio=1.26, 95% CI=1.01, 1.56) and were proportionately more likely to participate in vigorous modes of physical activity. Interaction results indicated that foreign-born Latinos were the least likely to meet physical activity guidelines compared with U.S.-born Latinos and non-Latino whites if they worked in non-manual occupational categories. All racial/ethnic groups working in manual occupations saw the largest increase (40%-50%) in meeting physical activity guidelines when occupation-related physical activity was combined with leisure-time and transportation physical activity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest variability in the relationship between nativity and the physical activity domain Latinos engage in compared with non-Latino whites, with occupation contributing substantially to meeting physical activity recommendations for all population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E Echeverría
- Department of Public Health Education, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina.
| | - Anna Divney
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, New York
| | - Fatima Rodriguez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Madeline Sterling
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth Vasquez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York
| | - Rosenda Murillo
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Lenny Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California
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19
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Measures of Acculturation and Relations to zBMI among Mexican-Origin Youth. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 6:364-370. [PMID: 30367361 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-018-00533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk for obesity increases for Mexican-origin immigrants and their children upon arrival in the USA. Acculturative factors have been shown to play a role, but the significance and directionality of this relation may differ based on the method used to measure acculturation. METHOD This study examines the cross-sectional relations between several measures of acculturation and child zBMI, as well as the 12-month longitudinal relations between these measures and child BMI (adjusted for age and gender), in a sample of 102 6- to 11-year-old, Mexican-origin youth. RESULTS Cross-sectional results indicated that two measures, greater preference for English and higher Anglo Orientation, were positively associated cross-sectionally with higher zBMI (p = 0.002 and p = 0.011, respectively). Only English language preference remained significant in longitudinal analyses (p = 0.047). Parental duration of residence and the child's number of immigrant parents were not significantly associated with zBMI cross-sectionally or BMI longitudinally. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that language proxy measures of acculturation present similar findings to multidimensional measures when assessing child weight and support the idea that behavioral or emotional changes that accompany integration into US culture may contribute to obesity development.
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20
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Gupta P, Gan ATL, Man REK, Fenwick EK, Tham YC, Sabanayagam C, Wong TY, Cheng CY, Lamoureux EL. Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in First and Second-Generation Indians: The Singapore Indian Eye Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14805. [PMID: 30287859 PMCID: PMC6172283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Population-based data investigating generational differences in the risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk determinants are rare. We examined the 6-year incidence of CVD and its risk factors in first- and second-generation ethnic Indians living in Singapore. 1749 participants (mean age [SD]: 55.5 [8.8] years; 47.5% male) from a population-based, longitudinal study of Indian adults were included for incident CVD outcome. Incident CVD was defined as self-reported myocardial infarction, angina pectoris or stroke which developed between baseline and follow-up. CVD-related risk factors included incident diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD). For incident CVD outcome, of the 1749 participants, 406 (23.2%) and 1343 (76.8%) were first and second-generation Indians, respectively. Of these, 73 (4.1%) reported incident CVD. In multivariable models, second-generation individuals had increased risk of developing CVD (RR = 2.04; 95% CI 1.04, 3.99; p = 0.038), hyperlipidemia (RR = 1.27; 95% CI 1.06, 1.53; p = 0.011), and CKD (RR = 1.92; 95% CI 1.22, 3.04; p = 0.005), compared to first-generation Indians. Second-generation Indians have increased risk of developing CVD and its associated risk factors such as hyperlipidemia and CKD compared to first-generation immigrants, independent of traditional CVD risk factors. More stratified and tailored CVD prevention strategies on second and subsequent generations of Indian immigrants in Singapore are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Gupta
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Eva K Fenwick
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore, Department of Ophthalmology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore, Department of Ophthalmology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ecosse L Lamoureux
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- National University of Singapore, Department of Ophthalmology, Singapore, Singapore.
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21
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López EB, Yamashita T. The relationship of education and acculturation with vigorous intensity leisure time physical activity by gender in Latinos. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2018; 23:797-812. [PMID: 28277017 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2017.1294664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Latinos have poorer health outcomes among certain conditions (e.g. diabetes, obesity, mental health) compared to non-Latino Whites in the U.S., in part due to difference in the amount of physical activity, which are heavily influenced by sociocultural factors such as educational attainment and acculturation. Vigorous-intensity leisure time physical activity (VLTPA) may provide health benefits with a shorter amount of time than moderate-to-light physical activity. However, VLTPA has been significantly understudied compared to LTPA in general. The purpose of this study is to examine the associations between educational attainment, acculturation, and VLTPA by gender among Latino adults in the U.S. DESIGN Nationally representative samples of Latino adults aged 25 years and older (n = 4393) from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed. VLTPA was measured as the number of hours per week of VLTPA consisting of heavy sweating or large increases in breathing and heart rate. Acculturation was measured as the degree to which the English language versus the Spanish language was spoken most often. The zero-inflated Poisson regression model was constructed using the full information maximum likelihood estimation and controlling for a series of sociodemographic characteristics and relevant health behaviors. RESULTS Educational attainment was positively associated with VLTPA among Latino adults [exp(b) = 1.09, p < 0.05)]. Similarly, greater acculturation was associated with greater hours/week of VLTPA [exp(b) = 1.10, p < 0.05)]. Lastly, the effect of educational attainment on VLTPA significantly varied by gender. CONCLUSIONS Education had a positive association and acculturation had negative association with the hours/week of VLTPA among Latinos. Also, the association between education and VLTPA was significantly stronger among women than men. These findings inform culturally and socially sensitive approaches to improve the health of Latinos, in hopes to address health disparities by race/ethnicity the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick B López
- a Department of Sociology , University of Nevada Las Vegas , Las Vegas , USA
| | - Takashi Yamashita
- a Department of Sociology , University of Nevada Las Vegas , Las Vegas , USA
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Vasquez G, Salinas J, Molokwu J, Shokar G, Flores-Luevano S, Alomari A, Shokar NK. Physical Activity in Older Mexican Americans Living in Two Cities on the U.S.-Mexico Border. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091820. [PMID: 30142906 PMCID: PMC6163189 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited information on physical activity in marginalized older populations like that on the U.S.-Mexico border. This study aims to understand physical activity engagement among older Hispanics residing in two U.S.-Mexico Border counties. METHODS The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to measure physical activity in El Paso and Cameron County, Texas. Physical activity levels were reported for vigorous, moderate, and walking met/mins. Adjusted and unadjusted modeling was conducted to determine county differences and sociodemographic covariates. RESULTS There were 784 participants and 92.9% were less than 65 years of age. El Paso participants reported a significantly greater natural log met/mins of vigorous (β = 1.34, p = 0.000) and walking (β = 0.331, p = 0.006). Significant sociodemographic covariates in El Paso for vigorous met/mins were gender (females β = -1.20, p = 0.003), having a regular doctor (β = -0.779, p = 0.029), and acculturation (β = 0.513, p = 0.019). Significant associations in Cameron County were having a regular doctor (β = -1.03, p = 0.000) and fair/poor health status (β = -0.475, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Level of physical activity may differ in older Hispanics by urban context on the U.S.-Mexico border. Future physical activity programs to promote physical activity should take context into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Vasquez
- Department of Family Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
| | - Jennifer Salinas
- Department of Family Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
| | - Jennifer Molokwu
- Department of Family Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
| | - Gurjeet Shokar
- Department of Family Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
| | | | - Adam Alomari
- Department of Family Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
| | - Navkiran K Shokar
- Department of Family Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
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A US/Mexico Study of Joint Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Anthropometric Indicators, Migration Status, Country of Birth and Country of Residence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061283. [PMID: 29914200 PMCID: PMC6025559 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study examined the influence of migration status, nativity and country of residence on joint associations of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in anthropometric indicators of Mexicans and Mexican-Americans living in the US and in Mexico. Methods: We examined data from two large national surveys, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from the US (NHANES, 2011–2012) and Mexico (ENSANUT, 2012). Using self-reported minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity and SB, we calculated four categories for analyses. Anthropometric measures consisted of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). We used data of migration status, nativity and country of residence. Linear regression models examined how joint categories of PA and SB were associated with BMI and WC according to migration status, nativity and country of residence, controlling for health risk behaviors. Results: Analyses showed that even among those in the category with the lowest risk behavior, “physically active and low sedentary”, there were differences in BMI and WC by migration status, nativity and country of residence. Within this lower risk category, Mexican immigrants living in the US had the greatest association with high BMI, while US-born Mexican-Americans living in the US had the highest WC values when compared with the group of Mexicans living in Mexico. Conclusions: Joint categories of PA and SB were associated with BMI and WC by migration status, nativity and country of residence among populations with Mexican ethnicity.
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Brown AF, Liang LJ, Vassar SD, Escarce JJ, Merkin SS, Cheng E, Richards A, Seeman T, Longstreth WT. Trends in Racial/Ethnic and Nativity Disparities in Cardiovascular Health Among Adults Without Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease in the United States, 1988 to 2014. Ann Intern Med 2018; 168:541-549. [PMID: 29554692 PMCID: PMC6499476 DOI: 10.7326/m17-0996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trends in cardiovascular disparities are poorly understood, even as diversity increases in the United States. OBJECTIVE To examine U.S. trends in racial/ethnic and nativity disparities in cardiovascular health. DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional study. SETTING NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), 1988 to 2014. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 25 years or older who did not report cardiovascular disease. MEASUREMENTS Racial/ethnic, nativity, and period differences in Life's Simple 7 (LS7) health factors and behaviors (blood pressure, cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, physical activity, diet, and smoking) and optimal composite scores for cardiovascular health (LS7 score ≥10). RESULTS Rates of optimal cardiovascular health remain below 40% among whites, 25% among Mexican Americans, and 15% among African Americans. Disparities in optimal cardiovascular health between whites and African Americans persisted but decreased over time. In 1988 to 1994, the percentage of African Americans with optimal LS7 scores was 22.8 percentage points (95% CI, 19.3 to 26.4 percentage points) lower than that of whites in persons aged 25 to 44 years and 8.0 percentage points (CI, 6.4 to 9.7 percentage points) lower in those aged 65 years or older. By 2011 to 2014, differences decreased to 10.6 percentage points (CI, 7.4 to 13.9 percentage points) and 3.8 percentage points (CI, 2.5 to 5.0 percentage points), respectively. Disparities in optimal LS7 scores between whites and Mexican Americans were smaller but also decreased. These decreases were due to reductions in optimal cardiovascular health among whites over all age groups and periods: Between 1988 to 1994 and 2011 to 2014, the percentage of whites with optimal cardiovascular health decreased 15.3 percentage points (CI, 11.1 to 19.4 percentage points) for those aged 25 to 44 years and 4.6 percentage points (CI, 2.7 to 6.5 percentage points) for those aged 65 years or older. LIMITATION Only whites, African Americans, and Mexican Americans were studied. CONCLUSION Cardiovascular health has declined in the United States, racial/ethnic and nativity disparities persist, and decreased disparities seem to be due to worsening cardiovascular health among whites rather than gains among African Americans and Mexican Americans. Multifaceted interventions are needed to address declining population health and persistent health disparities. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleen F Brown
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Olive View-UCLA Medical Center (A.F.B.)
| | - Li-Jung Liang
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (L.L., S.D.V., J.J.E., S.S.M., E.C., A.R., T.S.)
| | - Stefanie D Vassar
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (L.L., S.D.V., J.J.E., S.S.M., E.C., A.R., T.S.)
| | - Jose J Escarce
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (L.L., S.D.V., J.J.E., S.S.M., E.C., A.R., T.S.)
| | - Sharon Stein Merkin
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (L.L., S.D.V., J.J.E., S.S.M., E.C., A.R., T.S.)
| | - Eric Cheng
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (L.L., S.D.V., J.J.E., S.S.M., E.C., A.R., T.S.)
| | - Adam Richards
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (L.L., S.D.V., J.J.E., S.S.M., E.C., A.R., T.S.)
| | - Teresa Seeman
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (L.L., S.D.V., J.J.E., S.S.M., E.C., A.R., T.S.)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines the risk of obesity in migrant groups-specifically migrants from countries with lower prevalence of obesity to countries with higher prevalence of obesity. We examine obesity prevalence within migrant groups compared with native populations and the evidence on factors that might shape obesity risk in these migrant groups. RECENT FINDINGS Migrants may arrive in new countries with a health advantage including generally a healthier body weight. Genetic and epi-genetic factors, as well as body size preference, socio-economic factors, and stress exposure, may play a role in increasing unhealthy weight gain in migrant populations. This unhealthy weight gain leads to similar or greater obesity risk in migrant populations compared with native populations 10-15 years after migration. Meeting the challenge of prevention and treatment of obesity in diverse populations will require greater attention to minority groups in research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Murphy
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Wendy Robertson
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Oyinlola Oyebode
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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26
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Chrisman M, Chow WH, Daniel CR, Wu X, Zhao H. Associations between language acculturation, age of immigration, and obesity in the Mexican American Mano A Mano cohort. Obes Res Clin Pract 2017; 11:544-557. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Association of self-reported physical activity with obstructive sleep apnea: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Prev Med 2016; 93:183-188. [PMID: 27746338 PMCID: PMC5118099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We examined associations of mild and moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA; apnea-hypopnea index ≥5 and ≥15, respectively) with recommended amounts of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) or vigorous physical activity (VPA) and by type of activity (i.e., recreational, transportation, and work activity). The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a multicenter population-based study, enrolled individuals from 2008 to 2011 from four U.S. metropolitan areas (Bronx, New York; Chicago, Illinois; Miami, Florida; San Diego, California). Participants in this study included 14,087 self-identified Hispanic/Latino ages 18 to 74years from the HCHS/SOL. Survey logistic regression analysis was used to compute odds ratios [OR] and 95% confidence intervals [CI], adjusting for sociodemographics, smoking status, and body mass index (BMI). Relative to being inactive, performing some MVPA (>0 to <150min/week) or meeting the recommended MVPA (≥150min/week) were associated with lower odds of mild OSA (ORs and 95% CIs 0.70 [0.61-0.82] and 0.76 [0.63-0.91], respectively), as well as moderate to severe OSA (ORs and 95% CIs 0.76 [0.62-0.93] and 0.76 [0.59-0.98], respectively). Associations of VPA with OSA were not significant. Engaging in medium or high levels of transportation activity was associated with lower odds of mild OSA (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74-0.96; OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43-0.95, respectively). Performing some recreational MVPA was associated with lower likelihood of mild and moderate to severe OSA (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.71-0.93; OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.97, respectively). Health promotion and OSA prevention efforts should encourage individuals to engage in at least some MVPA.
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28
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Lê-Scherban F, Albrecht SS, Bertoni A, Kandula N, Mehta N, Diez Roux AV. Immigrant status and cardiovascular risk over time: results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Ann Epidemiol 2016; 26:429-435.e1. [PMID: 27221804 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite cross-sectional evidence that foreign-born United States (US) residents often have better health than US-born residents of similar race and/or ethnicity, we know little about overall cardiovascular risk progression over time among immigrants as they age in the US. METHODS Using longitudinal data from the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis on 6446 adults aged 45-84 years at baseline, we examined how nativity and length of US residence related to change in cardiovascular health (CVH) and cardiovascular event incidence over 11-year follow-up. CVH was measured using the American Heart Association's CVH measure (range, 0-14; higher is better). RESULTS Immigrants, particularly those with shorter US residence, had better baseline CVH and lower cardiovascular event incidence than the US born. Baseline CVH scores ranged from 8.67 (8.42-8.92) among immigrants living in the US less than 10 years to 7.86 (7.76-7.97) among the US born. However, recent immigrants experienced the largest CVH declines over time: 10-year declines ranged from -1.04 (-1.27 to -0.80) among immigrants living in the US less than 10 years at baseline to -0.47 (-0.52 to -0.42) among the US born. CONCLUSIONS Public health prevention efforts targeting new immigrants may help slow the deterioration of CVH and reduce future cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félice Lê-Scherban
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Sandra S Albrecht
- Department of Nutrition, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Alain Bertoni
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | - Neil Mehta
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
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29
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Terasaki D, Ornelas I, Saelens B. Length of Residence and Vehicle Ownership in Relation to Physical Activity Among U.S. Immigrants. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 19:484-488. [PMID: 26868494 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity among U.S. immigrants over time is not well understood. Transportation may affect this trajectory. Using a survey of documented immigrants (N = 7240), we performed simple, then multivariable logistic regression to calculate ORs and 95 % CIs between length of residence (LOR) and both light-to-moderate (LPA) and vigorous (VPA) activity. We adjusted for demographic variables, then vehicle ownership to assess changes in ORs. Compared to new arrivals, all four LOR time-intervals were associated with lower odds of LPA and higher odds of VPA in simple analysis. All ORs for LPA remained significant after including demographics, but only one remained significant after adding vehicle ownership. Two ORs for VPA remained significant after including demographics and after adding vehicle ownership. Immigrants lower their light-to-moderate activity the longer they reside in the U.S., partly from substituting driving for walking. Efforts to maintain walking for transportation among immigrants are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Terasaki
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington School of Public Health, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 359455, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - India Ornelas
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington School of Public Health, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 359455, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Brian Saelens
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington School of Public Health, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 359455, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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30
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Merchant G, Buelna C, Castañeda SF, Arredondo EM, Marshall SJ, Strizich G, Sotres-Alvarez D, Chambers EC, McMurray RG, Evenson KR, Stoutenberg M, Hankinson AL, Talavera GA. Accelerometer-measured sedentary time among Hispanic adults: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Prev Med Rep 2015; 2:845-53. [PMID: 26844159 PMCID: PMC4721303 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive sedentary behavior is associated with negative health outcomes independent of physical activity. Objective estimates of time spent in sedentary behaviors are lacking among adults from diverse Hispanic/Latino backgrounds. The objective of this study was to describe accelerometer-assessed sedentary time in a large, representative sample of Hispanic/Latino adults living in the United States, and compare sedentary estimates by Hispanic/Latino background, sociodemographic characteristics and weight categories. This study utilized baseline data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) that included adults aged 18-74 years from four metropolitan areas (N = 16,415). Measured with the Actical accelerometer over 6 days, 76.9% (n = 12,631) of participants had > 10 h/day and > 3 days of data. Participants spent 11.9 h/day (SD 3.0), or 74% of their monitored time in sedentary behaviors. Adjusting for differences in wear time, adults of Mexican background were the least (11.6 h/day), whereas adults of Dominican background were the most (12.3 h/day), sedentary. Women were more sedentary than men, and older adults were more sedentary than younger adults. Household income was positively associated, whereas employment was negatively associated, with sedentary time. There were no differences in sedentary time by weight categories, marital status, or proxies of acculturation. To reduce sedentariness among these populations, future research should examine how the accumulation of various sedentary behaviors differs by background and region, and which sedentary behaviors are amenable to intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Merchant
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Christina Buelna
- Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sheila F. Castañeda
- Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Elva M. Arredondo
- Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Simon J. Marshall
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Garrett Strizich
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Earle C. Chambers
- Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Robert G. McMurray
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kelly R. Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Mark Stoutenberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Arlene L. Hankinson
- Chronic Disease Division, Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gregory A. Talavera
- Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
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