1
|
Shu J, Peng F, Li J, Liu Y, Li X, Yuan C. The Relationship between SNAP25 and Some Common Human Neurological Syndromes. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:2378-2386. [PMID: 38963116 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128305683240621060024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, research on the pathogenesis of neurological diseases has progressed slowly worldwide. However, as the incidence rate continues to increase and the disease gradually develops, early diagnosis and treatment have become a top priority. SANP25, a protein present on the presynaptic membrane and involved in neurotransmitter release, is closely related to the loss or abnormal expression of synapses and neurons. SNAP25 deficiency can lead to synaptic disorders and inhibit neurotransmitter release. Therefore, a large amount of literature believes that SNAP25 gene mutation is a risk factor for many neurological diseases. This review used advanced search on PubMed to conduct extensive article searches for relevant literature. The search keywords included SNAP25 and Alzheimer's disease, SNAP25 and Parkinson's disease, and so on. After reading and summarizing the previous papers, the corresponding conclusions were obtained to achieve the purpose of the review. The deficiency or variation of SNAP25 might be related to the onset of schizophrenia, epilepsy, attention deficit/hypoactivity disorder, bipolar disorder effective disorder, and autism. SNAP25 has been found to be used as a neuropathological marker for neurological diseases, which could be the target of diagnosis or treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) or blood has been found to enable more effective drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Fan Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Jing Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- College of Basic Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Department of Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Özdemir Ç, Şahin N, Edgünlü T. Vesicle trafficking with snares: a perspective for autism. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:12193-12202. [PMID: 36198849 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07970-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vesicle-mediated membrane traffic is the mechanism fundamental to many biological events, especially the release of neurotransmitters. The main proteins of the mechanism that mediates membrane fusion in vesicle-mediated membrane traffic are N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF) supplemental protein (SNAP) receptor (SNAREs) proteins. SNAREs are classified into vesicle-associated SNAREs (vesicle-SNAREs/v-SNAREs) and target membrane-associated SNAREs (target-SNARE/t-SNAREs). Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by many symptoms, especially complications in social communication and stereotypical behaviours. Defects in synaptogenesis and neurotransmission, oxidative stress, and developmental defects in the early stages of development are defined in the pathogenesis of the disease. SNARE proteins are on the basis of synaptogenesis and neurotransmission. Although the formation mechanisms and underlying causes of the SNARE complex are not fully understood, expression differences, polymorphisms, abnormal expressions or dysfunctions of the proteins that make up the SNARE complex have been associated with many neurodevelopmental diseases, including autism. Further understanding of SNARE mechanisms is crucial both for understanding ASD and for developing new treatments. In this review, the formation mechanisms of the SNARE complex and the roles of various factors involved in this process are explained. In addition, a brief evaluation of clinical and basic studies on the SNARE complex in autism spectrum disorders was made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Çilem Özdemir
- Department of Medical Biology, Health Sciences Institution, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Nilfer Şahin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Diseases School of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Tuba Edgünlü
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000, Mugla, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fang D, Yang B, Wang P, Mo T, Gan Y, Liang G, Huang R, Zeng H. Role of SNAP-25 MnlI variant in impaired working memory and brain functions in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2758. [PMID: 36068994 PMCID: PMC9575616 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a hereditary neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by working memory (WM) deficits. The MnlI variant (rs3746544) of the synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) gene is associated with ADHD. In this study, we investigated the role and underlying mechanism of SNAP-25 MnlI variant in cognitive impairment and brain functions in boys with ADHD. METHOD We performed WM capacity tests using the fourth version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis for the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 56 boys with ADHD divided into two genotypic groups (TT homozygotes and G-allele carriers). Next, Spearman's rank correlation analysis between the obtained ReHo values and the WM index (WMI) calculated for each participant. RESULTS Compared with G-allele carrier group, there were higher ReHo values for the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and higher WM capacity in TT homozygote group. Contrary to TT homozygote group, the WM capacity was negatively correlated with the peak ReHo value for the left mPFC in G-allele carrier group. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that SNAP-25 MnlI variant may underlie cognitive and brain function impairments in boys with ADHD, thus suggesting its potential as a new target for ADHD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diangang Fang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binrang Yang
- Development and Behavior Specialty, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Fuwai Hospital CAMS&PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Mo
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yungen Gan
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guohua Liang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Shenzhen hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongwu Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cervantes-Henríquez ML, Acosta-López JE, Martinez AF, Arcos-Burgos M, Puentes-Rozo PJ, Vélez JI. Machine Learning Prediction of ADHD Severity: Association and Linkage to ADGRL3, DRD4, and SNAP25. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:587-605. [PMID: 34009035 DOI: 10.1177/10870547211015426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ADGRL3, DRD4, and SNAP25 genes are associated with and predict ADHD severity in families from a Caribbean community. METHOD ADHD severity was derived using latent class cluster analysis of DSM-IV symptomatology. Family-based association tests were conducted to detect associations between SNPs and ADHD severity latent phenotypes. Machine learning algorithms were used to build predictive models of ADHD severity based on demographic and genetic data. RESULTS Individuals with ADHD exhibited two seemingly independent latent class severity configurations. SNPs harbored in DRD4, SNAP25, and ADGRL3 showed evidence of linkage and association to symptoms severity and a potential pleiotropic effect on distinct domains of ADHD severity. Predictive models discriminate severe from non-severe ADHD in specific symptom domains. CONCLUSION This study supports the role of DRD4, SNAP25, and ADGRL3 genes in outlining ADHD severity, and a new prediction framework with potential clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pedro J Puentes-Rozo
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li J, Yan WJ, Wu Y, Tian XX, Zhang YW. Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 Gene Polymorphisms Affect Treatment Efficiency of Methylphenidate in Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: An fNIRS Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:793643. [PMID: 35069142 PMCID: PMC8766417 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.793643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is the first-line drug for the treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, individual curative effects of MPH vary. Many studies have demonstrated that synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) gene MnlI polymorphisms may be related to the efficacy of MPH. However, the association between SNAP-25MnlI polymorphisms and changes in brain hemodynamic responses after MPH treatment is still unclear. This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to preliminarily investigate the interaction of MPH treatment-related prefrontal inhibitory functional changes with the genotype status of the SNAP-25 gene in children with ADHD. In total, 38 children with ADHD aged 6.76–12.08 years were enrolled in this study and divided into the following two groups based on SNAP-25 gene MnlI polymorphisms: T/T genotype group (wild-type group, 27 children) and G allele carrier group (mutation group, 11 children). The averaged oxygenated hemoglobin concentration changes [Δavg oxy-Hb] and deoxyhemoglobin concentration changes [Δavg deoxy-Hb] in the frontal cortex before MPH treatment and after 1.5 h (post-MPH1.5h) and 4 weeks (post-MPH4w) of MPH treatments were monitored using fNIRS during the go/no-go task. SNAP-IV scores were evaluated both pre-MPH and post-MPH4w treatments. In the T/T genotype group, [Δavg oxy-Hb] in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was significantly higher after 4 weeks of MPH (post-MPH4W) treatment than pre-treatment; however, in the G allele group, no significant differences in [Δavg oxy-Hb] were observed between pre- and post-treatments. In the go/no-go task, the accuracy was significantly increased post-MPH4w treatment in the T/T genotype group, while no significant differences were observed in response time and accuracy of the “go” sand no-go task in the G allele group for pre-MPH, post-MPH1.5h, and post-MPH4w treatments. The T/T genotype group exhibited a significant decrease in SNAP-IV scores after MPH treatment, while the G allele group showed no significant difference. In conclusion, fNIRS data combined with SNAP-25 MnlI polymorphism analysis may be a useful biomarker for evaluating the effects of MPH in children with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Jie Yan
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Xin Tian
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Wen Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yi-Wen Zhang
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bonvicini C, Faraone SV, Scassellati C. Common and specific genes and peripheral biomarkers in children and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:80-100. [PMID: 28097908 PMCID: PMC5568996 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1282175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elucidating the biological mechanisms involved in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been challenging. Relatively unexplored is the fact that these mechanisms can differ with age. METHODS We present an overview on the major differences between children and adults with ADHD, describing several studies from genomics to metabolomics performed in ADHD children and in adults (cADHD and aADHD, respectively). A systematic search (up until February 2016) was conducted. RESULTS From a PRISMA flow-chart, a total of 350 and 91 genomics and metabolomics studies were found to be elligible for cADHD and aADHD, respectively. For children, associations were found for genes belonging to dopaminergic (SLC6A3, DRD4 and MAOA) and neurodevelopmental (LPHN3 and DIRAS2) systems and OPRM1 (Yates corrected P = 0.016; OR = 2.27 95%CI: 1.15-4.47). Studies of adults have implicated circadian rhythms genes, HTR2A, MAOB and a more generic neurodevelopmental/neurite outgrowth network (BCHE, SNAP25, BAIAP2, NOS1/NO, KCNIP4 and SPOCK3; Yates corrected P = 0.007; OR = 3.30 95%CI: 1.33-8.29). In common among cADHD and aADHD, the most significant findings are for oxidative stress proteins (MAD, SOD, PON1, ARES, TOS, TAS and OSI), and, in the second level, DISC1, DBH, DDC, microRNA and adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS Through a convergent functional genomics, this review contributes to clarification of which genetic/biological mechanisms differ with age. The effects of some genes do not change throughout the lifetime, whereas others are linked to age-specific stages. Additional research and further studies are needed to generate firmer conclusions that might someday be useful for predicting the remission and persistence of the disorder. Despite the limitations, some of these genes/proteins could be potential useful biomarkers to discriminate cADHD from aADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Bonvicini
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS “Centro S. Giovanni di Dio” Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Catia Scassellati
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS “Centro S. Giovanni di Dio” Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Noor A, Zahid S. A review of the role of synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) in neurological disorders. Int J Neurosci 2016; 127:805-811. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2016.1248240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aneeqa Noor
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Zahid
- Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ye C, Hu Z, Wu E, Yang X, Buford UJ, Guo Z, Saveanu RV. Two SNAP-25 genetic variants in the binding site of multiple microRNAs and susceptibility of ADHD: A meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 81:56-62. [PMID: 27380186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the associations between two most widely investigated polymorphisms (rs3746544 and rs1051312) in the 3'UTR of the SNAP-25 gene and susceptibility of ADHD. Two investigators selected related studies and assessed methodological quality independently. Six studies were included in this meta-analysis for a total of 715 cases and 655 controls. There is no apparent association between rs3746544 polymorphisms and risk of ADHD. However, subgroup analysis based on ethnicity demonstrated a strong association between rs3746544 polymorphism and ADHD in the subset of Asian participants, but not among Caucasians. Compared to the T allele, the allele G was associated with a significantly decreased risk of developing ADHD in the Asian population (odds ratio (OR) = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.52-0.95, p = 0.02). The association between the TT genotype and ADHD risk was also significantly increased as compared to G/T (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.00-2.44, p = 0.05) and the dominant genetic model (GG + GT vs. TT: OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.07-2.13, p = 0.02). For the rs1051312 SNP, being homozygous for the minor allele (C/C) was associated with a 3.66 higher odds of ADHD as compared to cases homozygous for the major allele (T/T) (95% CI = 1.64-8.13, p = 0.001), and 3.57 higher odds as compared to heterozygous (C/T) carriers (95% CI = 2.01-12.90, p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the polymorphisms rs3746544 and rs1051312 may increase the odds of developing ADHD. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhong Ye
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Health System, 1695 NW 9th Ave, 33136, United States.
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xue Yuan Road University Town, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Evan Wu
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St, Miami, FL, 33136, United States
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xue Yuan Road University Town, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Ushimbra J Buford
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Health System, 1695 NW 9th Ave, 33136, United States
| | - Zhihong Guo
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Health System, 1695 NW 9th Ave, 33136, United States
| | - Radu V Saveanu
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Health System, 1695 NW 9th Ave, 33136, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zarrabi Alhosseini M, Jamshidi J, Zare Bidoki A, Ganji S, Eslami Amirabadi MR, Emamalizadeh B, Taghavi S, Shokraeian P, Mohajerani F, Darvish H. SNAP-25gene variations and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Iranian population. Neurol Res 2016; 38:959-964. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1232548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
10
|
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of genetic, pharmacogenetic and biochemical studies. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:872-84. [PMID: 27217152 PMCID: PMC5414093 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The adult form of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has a prevalence of up to 5% and is the most severe long-term outcome of this common disorder. Family studies in clinical samples as well as twin studies suggest a familial liability and consequently different genes were investigated in association studies. Pharmacotherapy with methylphenidate (MPH) seems to be the first-line treatment of choice in adults with attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and some studies were conducted on the genes influencing the response to this drug. Finally some peripheral biomarkers were identified in ADHD adult patients. We believe this work is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of candidate gene association studies, pharmacogenetic and biochemical (metabolomics) studies performed in adults with ADHD to identify potential genetic, predictive and peripheral markers linked specifically to ADHD in adults. After screening 5129 records, we selected 87 studies of which 61 were available for candidate gene association studies, 5 for pharmacogenetics and 21 for biochemical studies. Of these, 15 genetic, 2 pharmacogenetic and 6 biochemical studies were included in the meta-analyses. We obtained an association between adult ADHD and the gene BAIAP2 (brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1-associated protein 2), even after Bonferroni correction, with any heterogeneity in effect size and no publication bias. If we did not apply the Bonferroni correction, a trend was found for the carriers allele 9R of dopamine transporter SLC6A3 40 bp variable tandem repeat polymorphism (VNTR) and for 6/6 homozygotes of SLC6A3 30 bp VNTR. Negative results were obtained for the 9-6 haplotype, the dopamine receptor DRD4 48 bp VNTR, and the enzyme COMT SNP rs4680. Concerning pharmacogenetic studies, no association was found for the SLC6A3 40 bp and response to MPH with only two studies selected. For the metabolomics studies, no differences between ADHD adults and controls were found for salivary cortisol, whereas lower serum docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were found in ADHD adults. This last association was significant even after Bonferroni correction and in absence of heterogeneity. Other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as AA (arachidonic acid), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DyLA (dihomogammalinolenic acid) levels were not different between patients and controls. No publication biases were observed for these markers. Genes linked to dopaminergic, serotoninergic and noradrenergic signaling, metabolism (DBH, TPH1, TPH2, DDC, MAOA, MAOB, BCHE and TH), neurodevelopment (BDNF and others), the SNARE system and other forty genes/proteins related to different pathways were not meta-analyzed due to insufficient data. In conclusion, we found that there were not enough genetic, pharmacogenetic and biochemical studies of ADHD in adults and that more investigations are needed. Moreover we confirmed a significant role of BAIAP2 and DHA in the etiology of ADHD exclusively in adults. Future research should be focused on the replication of these findings and to assess their specificity for ADHD.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gasparini CF, Smith RA, Griffiths LR. Genetic insights into migraine and glutamate: a protagonist driving the headache. J Neurol Sci 2016; 367:258-68. [PMID: 27423601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is a complex polygenic disorder that continues to be a great source of morbidity in the developed world with a prevalence of 12% in the Caucasian population. Genetic and pharmacological studies have implicated the glutamate pathway in migraine pathophysiology. Glutamate profoundly impacts brain circuits that regulate core symptom domains in a range of neuropsychiatric conditions and thus remains a "hot" target for drug discovery. Glutamate has been implicated in cortical spreading depression (CSD), the phenomenon responsible for migraine with aura and in animal models carrying FHM mutations. Genotyping case-control studies have shown an association between glutamate receptor genes, namely, GRIA1 and GRIA3 with migraine with indirect supporting evidence from GWAS. New evidence localizes PRRT2 at glutamatergic synapses and shows it affects glutamate signalling and glutamate receptor activity via interactions with GRIA1. Glutamate-system defects have also been recently implicated in a novel FHM2 ATP1A2 disease-mutation mouse model. Adding to the growing evidence neurophysiological findings support a role for glutamate in cortical excitability. In addition to the existence of multiple genes to choreograph the functions of fast-signalling glutamatergic neurons, glutamate receptor diversity and regulation is further increased by the post-translational mechanisms of RNA editing and miRNAs. Ongoing genetic studies, GWAS and meta-analysis implicate neurogenic mechanisms in migraine pathology and the first genome-wide associated locus for migraine on chromosome X. Finally, in addition to glutamate modulating therapies, the kynurenine pathway has emerged as a candidate for involvement in migraine pathophysiology. In this review we discuss recent genetic evidence and glutamate modulating therapies that bear on the hypothesis that a glutamatergic mechanism may be involved in migraine susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia F Gasparini
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University Gold Coast, Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Robert A Smith
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cupertino RB, Kappel DB, Bandeira CE, Schuch JB, da Silva BS, Müller D, Bau CHD, Mota NR. SNARE complex in developmental psychiatry: neurotransmitter exocytosis and beyond. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:867-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
13
|
Kayyal M, Movafagh A, Hashemi M, Sayad A, Emamalizadeh B, PourIran K, Kayyal M, Amirabadi MRE, Zamani M, Darvish H. Association analysis of DISC1 gene polymorphisms with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Iranian population. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 31:1162-6. [PMID: 26649006 PMCID: PMC4641275 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.315.8132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common heritable psychiatric disorder with a worldwide prevalence of 5%. The etiology of ADHD is still incompletely understood, but several studies, consistently indicate the strong role of genetic factors on this disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of three SNPs rs11122319, rs11122330 and rs6675281 in the etiology of ADHD in an Iranian children Methods: In this research work, for the first time, we investigated the association of three SNPs (rs11122330, rs6675281 and rs11122319) in the DISC1 gene with ADHD in Iranian population. Two hundred fourthy subjects composed of 120 patients and 120 healthy controls were included and tetra-primer ARMS PCR technique was used for genotyping all selected SNPs. Results: We found differences in genotype and allele distributions of rs 6675281 polymorphism between our patients and controls. The A, T and A alleles were the more frequent alleles in rs11122319, rs6675281 and rs11122330 polymorphisms in both case and control groups respectively. The TT genotype was more frequent in control group compared to patients. (P value = 0.008, OR= 1.5837, 95% CI= 1.1012 to 2.2776). Conclusion: Our findings strengthens the role of DISC1 gene as a susceptibility locus for ADHD and indicate that rs6675281 polymorphism is a susceptibility factor for ADHD for the first time in children reported in an Iranian population in this part of the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matin Kayyal
- Matin Kayyal, Department of Molecular Genetics, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Movafagh
- Abolfazl Movafagh, Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Mehrdad Hashemi, Department of Molecular Genetics, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Arezou Sayad, Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Emamalizadeh
- Babak Emamalizadeh, Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khashayar PourIran
- Khashayar pourIran, Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadmoien Kayyal
- Mohammadmoien Kayyal, Department of Molecular Genetics, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Eslami Amirabadi
- Mohammad Reza Eslami Amirabadi, Department of Psychiatry, Imam Hossein Medical Hospital, Shahid Behashti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Zamani
- Mahdi Zamani Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Darvish
- Hossein Darvish, Dept. of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Braida D, Ponzoni L, Matteoli M, Sala M M. Different attentional abilities among inbred mice strains using virtual object recognition task (VORT): SNAP25⁺/⁻ mice as a model of attentional deficit. Behav Brain Res 2015; 296:393-400. [PMID: 26300453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are characterized by attentional deficits. In the present study we first applied the virtual object recognition test (VORT), where 3D objects were replaced with highly discriminated geometrical shapes and presented on two 3.5-inch widescreen displays, in different inbred mice strains (C57BL/6N, DBA/2J, BALB/cJ), in comparison with the standard object recognition test (NOR). In both NOR and VORT, there was a progressive decay of performance in terms of reduced discrimination index from 5 min to 72 h of inter-trial delay in all strains. However, BALB/cJ inbred mice showed a better long lasting performance than C57BL/6N and DBA/2J, when tested in NOR. In VORT, BALB/cJ showed the best performance. Total exploration time was always higher in BALB/cJ than C57BL/6N and DBA/2J mice. C57BL/6N were less explorative strain than DBA/2J and BALB/cJ mice. When VORT was applied to SNAP-25(+/-) mice, an impairment in both NOR and VORT was shown. However, when moving shapes were applied, these heterozygous mice improved their performance, suggesting that the introduction of motion is a strong cue that makes the task more valuable to study attention deficits. Taken together, these data indicate that VORT provides a useful and rapid tool to identify the attentional deficit in different inbred strains and genetically modified mice, enhancing the value of psychiatric mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Braida
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy; Fondazione Don Gnocchi IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ponzoni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- CNR-Neuroscience Institute, 20129 Milan, Italy; Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariaelvina Sala M
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy; CNR-Neuroscience Institute, 20129 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|