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Kwakye SK, Mostert K, Garnett D, Masenge A. Risk factors associated with football injury among male players from a specific academy in Ghana: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8070. [PMID: 37202453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There seems to be no information on the incidence of injury and associated risk factors for academy football players in Ghana. We determine the risk factors associated with match and training injuries among male football players at an academy in Ghana. Preseason measurements of players' height, weight, and ankle dorsiflexion (DF) range of motion (ROM) were measured with a stadiometer (Seca 213), a digital weighing scale (Omron HN-289), and tape measure, respectively. The functional ankle instability (FAI) of players was measured using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT), and dynamic postural control was measured with the Star Excursion Balance Test. Injury surveillance data for all injuries were collected by resident physiotherapists throughout one season. Selected factors associated with injury incidence were tested using Spearman's rank correlation at a 5% significance level. Age was negatively associated with overall injury incidence (r = - 0.589, p = 0.000), match (r = - 0.294, p = 0.008), and training incidence (r = - 0.314, p = 0.005). Previous injury of U18s was associated with training injuries (r = 0.436, p = 0.023). Body mass index (BMI) was negatively associated with overall injury incidence (r = - 0.513, p = 0.000), and training incidence (r = - 0.395, p = 0.000). CAIT scores were associated with overall injury incidence (n = 0.263, p = 0.019) and match incidence (r = 0.263, p = 0.029). The goalkeeper position was associated with match incidence (r = 0.241, p = 0.031) while the U16 attacker position was associated with training incidence. Exposure hours was negatively associated with overall injury incidence (r = - 0.599, p = 0.000). Age, BMI, previous injury, goalkeeper and attacker positions, ankle DF ROM, and self-reported FAI were associated with injury incidence among academy football players in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Koranteng Kwakye
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Karien Mostert
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Daniel Garnett
- Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Andries Masenge
- Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Mkumbuzi NS, Dlamini SB, Chibhabha F, Govere FM. Injury, illness, and medication use surveillance during the 2020 COSAFA Women's championship: a prospective cohort study of football players from Southern Africa. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2023; 7:74-80. [PMID: 36815605 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.1971745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic analyses of injuries, illnesses or medication use and their risk factors among female African athletes are scarce, which has implications for management of these athletes. AIM This prospective cohort study analysed the incidence and characteristics of injuries, illnesses and medication use during the 2020 COSAFA Women's Championship. METHODS The medical personnel of all participating teams reported all new injuries, illnesses and medication used by players daily. RESULTS Sixty-three injuries were reported: 45 match and 18 training injuries; 45.5 (95% CI: 32.2 to 58.8) injuries/1000 match-hours and 21.7 (95% CI: 11.7 to 31.7) injuries/1000 training-hours, respectively. Most (n = 55, 87%) were caused by contact with another player and involved the lower extremity (n = 43; 68%). Fifty-eight illnesses were reported: 44.4 (95% CI: 33.0 to 58.8) illnesses/1000 player-days, mostly diarrhoea (n = 25; 43.1%) and dysmenorrhoea (n = 18; 31%). No cases of COVID-19 were reported. In total, 175 medications were prescribed: 168.8 (95% CI: 143.8 to 193.8) medications/1000 player-days. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (n = 60; 34.3%) and analgesics (n = 33; 18.9%) were the most commonly prescribed drugs. CONCLUSION Incidences of injury and illnesses were high but time loss was low, likely due to high NSAIDs use. Further studies should be conducted in order to inform appropriate prevention or management protocols in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonhlanhla S Mkumbuzi
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle, and Sports Research Centre(HPALS). Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.,African Evaluation and Research Development, Johannesburg
| | - Senanile B Dlamini
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle, and Sports Research Centre(HPALS). Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Fidelis Chibhabha
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
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Mkumbuzi NS, Dlamini SB, Chibhabha F, Govere FM, Manda-Taylor L. The menstrual cycle and football: The experiences of African women football players. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2022; 6:626-632. [PMID: 36540914 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.2005252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The menstrual cycle is a normal biological process in women and girls. However, it is often the reason why they tend to be excluded from football medicine research. Consequently, our understanding of the menstrual cycle and football performance is still limited, especially in African women football players. AIM The study aimed to explore African women football players' current and historical menstrual cycle status, menstrual symptoms, lived experiences, and perceptions of the menstrual cycle. METHODS Women football players at the COSAFA Women's Championship 2020 completed demographic questionnaires and the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire. RESULTS The main findings were that 90% of the players did not use contraceptives, . Most of the players had access to their preferred choice of sanitary product; however, 36% used alternatives such as old rags during their periods, . The most commonly reported symptoms during menses were abdominal cramps (53%), headache (41%), mood swings (41%) and irritability (47%). Further, players reported irritability (48%), mood swings (52%), and breast tenderness (48%) in the week before their period. CONCLUSION The low use of contraceptives is likely due to community level socio-cultural factors. While the use of old rags as impromptu sanitary products is likely because they cannot always afford their preferred choice. Menstrual symptoms can affect training and competition; therefore, team support personnel should be aware of the menstrual cycle's implications for African women football players and their effect on athletic performance and well-being. Additionally, team support personnel ought to be mindful of African women football players' socio-economic and religio-cultural contexts and their interaction with biological processes such as the menstrual cycle and contraceptive use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonhlanhla S Mkumbuzi
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS). Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,African Evaluation and Research Development, Johannesburg
| | - Senanile B Dlamini
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS). Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fidelis Chibhabha
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Lucinda Manda-Taylor
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi
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Nawasreh ZH, Yabroudi MA, Darwish AA, Debes WA, Bashaireh KM. Player Sex and Playing Surface Are Individual Predictors of Injuries in Professional Soccer Players. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2022; 29:619-630. [PMID: 36412633 PMCID: PMC9680497 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology29040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The factors contributing to soccer injuries and their influence on the occurrence of injury are controversial and inconclusive. This study aimed to determine the association between player characteristics and playing factors with injuries in professional soccer players. Methods: One hundred and fifty-two professional soccer players completed a self-administered questionnaire that asked about demographic information and injury profile, the type of playing surface on which they sustained their injury, medical treatment, and the time lost due to soccer injury at the end of the soccer season. Results: The injury rate was 44.74% (n = 68; males: 61.50% (n = 56), females: 19.70% (n = 12)). Players’ age (OR: 1.15, 95%CI: 1.05−1.25, p < 0.002) and BMI (OR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.06−1.38, p < 0.003) were significantly associated with soccer injuries. After adjusting for age and BMI, players’ sex (OR: 5.39, 95%CI: 2.11−13.75, p < 0.001), previous soccer injury (OR: 3.308, 95%CI: 2.307−29.920, p < 0.001), and playing surfaces (OR: 11.07, 95%CI: 4.53−27.03, p < 0.001) were the significant predictors of soccer injuries. Conclusion: Players’ age, BMI, sex, previous soccer injury, and playing surface were associated with injuries among professional soccer players. Old male athletes with high BMI, previous soccer injuries, and playing on natural grass were more likely to sustain soccer injuries than young female players with low BMI who had no previous injuries and played on synthetic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakariya H. Nawasreh
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-27201000 (ext. 26937)
| | - Mohammad A. Yabroudi
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ahmad A. Darwish
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Wesam A. Debes
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Khaldoon M. Bashaireh
- Department of Special Surgery, College of Medicine, King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 63001, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Randell RK, Clifford T, Drust B, Moss SL, Unnithan VB, De Ste Croix MBA, Datson N, Martin D, Mayho H, Carter JM, Rollo I. Physiological Characteristics of Female Soccer Players and Health and Performance Considerations: A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2021; 51:1377-1399. [PMID: 33844195 PMCID: PMC8222040 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Female soccer has seen a substantial rise in participation, as well as increased financial support from governing bodies over the last decade. Thus, there is an onus on researchers and medical departments to develop a better understanding of the physical characteristics and demands, and the health and performance needs of female soccer players. In this review, we discuss the current research, as well as the knowledge gaps, of six major topics: physical demands, talent identification, body composition, injury risk and prevention, health and nutrition. Data on female talent identification are scarce, and future studies need to elucidate the influence of relative age and maturation selection across age groups. Regarding the physical demands, more research is needed on the pattern of high-intensity sprinting during matches and the contribution of soccer-specific movements. Injuries are not uncommon in female soccer players, but targeting intrinsically modifiable factors with injury prevention programmes can reduce injury rates. The anthropometric and physical characteristics of female players are heterogeneous and setting specific targets should be discouraged in youth and sub-elite players. Menstrual cycle phase may influence performance and injury risk; however, there are few studies in soccer players. Nutrition plays a critical role in health and performance and ensuring adequate energy intake remains a priority. Despite recent progress, there is considerably less research in female than male soccer players. Many gaps in our understanding of how best to develop and manage the health and performance of female soccer players remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Randell
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, Life Sciences R&D, PepsiCo, Leicester, UK.
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Thomas Clifford
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Barry Drust
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Samantha L Moss
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, Life Sciences R&D, PepsiCo, Leicester, UK
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - Viswanath B Unnithan
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, Division of Sport and Exercise, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Naomi Datson
- Institute of Sport, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Daniel Martin
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Hannah Mayho
- Sports Science Department, Manchester City Football Club, Manchester, UK
| | - James M Carter
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, Life Sciences R&D, PepsiCo, Leicester, UK
| | - Ian Rollo
- Gatorade Sports Science Institute, Life Sciences R&D, PepsiCo, Leicester, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Farley JB, Barrett LM, Keogh JWL, Woods CT, Milne N. The relationship between physical fitness attributes and sports injury in female, team ball sport players: a systematic review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2020; 6:45. [PMID: 32926228 PMCID: PMC7490320 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the relationships between physical fitness characteristics and sports injury may assist with the development of injury minimisation programs. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the association between physical fitness attributes and sports injury in female, team ball sport players. METHODS Four scientific databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus) and reference lists of relevant research were searched for eligible studies up to September 2, 2019. Full-text articles examining the relationship between physical fitness and sports injury in female, team ball sport players were included. A modified Downs and Black checklist was used to assess methodological quality. Data synthesis determined summary conclusions based on the number of significant relationships divided by the total relationships investigated and reported as a percentage. Level of certainty was identified for summary conclusions based on level of evidence. Sub-analyses regarding competition level, age, and single injury types were also conducted. RESULTS A total of 44 studies were included. Data synthesis revealed no associations (low to moderate certainty) between body composition (1/9; 11%), flexibility (18-20%), and balance (2/8; 25%) and 'any injury' classification. No associations (mostly of moderate certainty) were found between flexibility (0-27%), muscular strength (0-27%), and body composition (14-33%) and various body region injury classifications, whereas mixed summary conclusions were shown for balance (0-48%). Many associations between physical fitness and sports injury were deemed 'unknown' or with an insufficient level of certainty. Sub-analyses revealed no association between strength and noncontact ACL injuries (0/5; 0%) or ankle sprains (0/12; 0%), and between flexibility and ankle sprains (1/5; 20%); however, insufficient certainty of these results exists. Clear associations were concluded between balance and lower body injuries in female, non-elite (10/16; 63%) and junior (9/12; 75%) team ball sport players, with moderate and insufficient certainty of these results, respectively. CONCLUSION Limited evidence is available to demonstrate relationships between physical fitness and sports injury in female, team ball sport players. High-quality evidence investigating the multifactorial nature of sports injury, including the interactions physical fitness qualities have with other injury determinants, is needed to better understand the role of physical fitness in minimising sports injuries in female, team ball sport players. TRIAL REGISTRATION CRD42017077374 (PROSPERO on September 14, 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B. Farley
- grid.1033.10000 0004 0405 3820Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD Australia
| | - Lily M. Barrett
- grid.10049.3c0000 0004 1936 9692Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Justin W. L. Keogh
- grid.1033.10000 0004 0405 3820Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD Australia
- grid.252547.30000 0001 0705 7067Sports Performance Research Centre New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
- grid.1034.60000 0001 1555 3415Cluster for Health Improvement, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Australia
- grid.411639.80000 0001 0571 5193Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Carl T. Woods
- grid.1019.90000 0001 0396 9544Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Nikki Milne
- grid.1033.10000 0004 0405 3820Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD Australia
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Abstract
Objective: To summarize risk factors for injury in elite women's soccer. Methods: Ten electronic databases were searched for studies that explored risk factors for injury in elite women soccer players. Study cohorts were required to consist of adult (?18 years) elite players defined as 'the best performers in their country in a certain sport who are competing at national or international levels' [1]. Two reviewers independently assessed articles for eligibility. The CASP checklist was used for quality assessment of included studies, and the Oxford Center of Evidence-Based Medicine guidelines were used to determine their level of evidence. Results: Eight studies were included in this review. Findings indicated an association between an increased injury risk and previous injury and increased joint laxity. There is additional evidence to support a relationship between injuries and higher soccer exposure, playing position, increased BMI, low H/Q ratio, player's level of balance and co-ordination, as well as various psychological issues. However, there were conflicting findings for the effect of postural control. Individual differences in Q-angle, intercondylar notch width or pelvic width measurements were not found to be associated with injury. The incidence of injury was higher in the dominant limb. Conclusion: The risk of injury in elite female soccer players is multifactorial, complex, and associated with a range of intrinsic, and extrinsic factors. More high-quality studies are needed to investigate each identified risk factor in order to inform effective injury screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani A Alahmad
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland.,Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Physical Therapy, King Saud University , Riyadh, KSA
| | - Philip Kearney
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland.,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - Roisin Cahalan
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
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Tabben M, Landreau P, Chamari K, Juin G, Ahmed H, Farooq A, Bahr R, Popovic N. Age, player position and 2 min suspensions were associated with match injuries during the 2017 Men's Handball World Championship (France). Br J Sports Med 2018; 53:436-441. [PMID: 30219801 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the association between player characteristics, technical components of the game and the risk of match injuries during the 2017 Men's Handball World Championship. METHODS Team physicians of the participating teams (n=24) were requested to provide injury report forms throughout the Men's Handball World Championship (France, January 2017). The individual time played, age, number of international matches played and all technical and penalty variables for each player were extracted from the official International Handball Federation (IHF) online database and used as risk factors in a general logistic linear model analysis. RESULTS Of 387 players, 49 sustained one or more injuries (93 injuries in total). The total incidence of match injuries was 82.1 injuries per 1000 hours (95% CI 66.2 to 100.5), non-time-loss injury incidence was 40.6 injuries per 1000 hours (95% CI 29.3 to 54.9), while time-loss injury incidence was 30.9 injuries per 1000 hours (95% CI 21.5 to 42.9). Multivariate analysis showed that age (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.18, p=0.011), player position (backs: OR 6.79, 95% CI 2.25 to 20.54, p=0.001; goalkeepers: OR 5.03, 95% CI 1.15 to 21.94, p=0.031) and 2 min suspensions (1-2 times: OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.27 to 6.04, p=0.011; 3 or more times: OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.18 to 6.38, p=0.029) were significant risk factors for getting injured during competition matches. CONCLUSION Age, player position (backs, goalkeepers) and 2 min suspensions were associated with match injury. Stricter rule enforcement should be considered to prevent match injuries in elite handball.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karim Chamari
- Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hosny Ahmed
- International Handball Federation, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Roald Bahr
- Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nebojsa Popovic
- Aspetar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Tumwine JK. Infections and non-communicable diseases that just refuse to go away. Afr Health Sci 2013; 13:i-iv. [PMID: 24940353 PMCID: PMC4056496 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v13i4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
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