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Moh JHZ, Okomoda VT, Mohamad N, Waiho K, Noorbaiduri S, Sung YY, Manan H, Fazhan H, Ma H, Abualreesh MH, Ikhwanuddin M. Morinda citrifolia fruit extract enhances the resistance of Penaeus vannamei to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5668. [PMID: 38454039 PMCID: PMC10920830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacterium implicated as the causative agent of several shrimp diseases. As part of the effort to provide biocontrol and cost-effective treatments, this research was designed to elucidate the effect of Morinda citrifolia fruit extract on the immunity of Penaeus vannamei postlarvae (PL) to V. parahaemolyticus. The methanol extract of M. citrifolia was vacuum evaporated, and the bioactive compounds were detected using gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS). Thereafter, P. vannamei PL diets were supplemented with M. citrifolia at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/g) and administered for 30 days before 24 h of exposure to the bacterium V. parahaemolyticus. A total of 45 bioactive compounds were detected in the methanol extract of M. citrifolia, with cyclononasiloxane and octadecamethyl being the most abundant. The survival of P. vannamei PLs fed the extract supplement was better than that of the control group (7.1-26.7% survival greater than that of the control group) following V. parahaemolyticus infection. Shrimp fed 50 mg/g M. citrifolia had the highest recorded survival. The activities of digestive and antioxidant enzymes as well as hepatopancreatic cells were significantly reduced, except for those of lipase and hepatopancreatic E-cells, which increased following challenge with V. parahaemolyticus. Histological assessment of the hepatopancreas cells revealed reduced cell degeneration following the administration of the plant extracts (expecially those fed 50 mg/g M. citrifolia) compared to that in the control group. Therefore, the enhanced immunity against V. parahaemolyticus infection in P. vannamei could be associated with the improved hepatopancreas health associated with M. citrifolia fruit extract supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hwei Zhong Moh
- Curtin Aquaculture Research Lab, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Victor Tosin Okomoda
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Forestry and Fisheries, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University (Formerly Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi), P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria.
| | - Nurshahieda Mohamad
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Khor Waiho
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shaibani Noorbaiduri
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hidayah Manan
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hanafiah Fazhan
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Muyassar H Abualreesh
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mhd Ikhwanuddin
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China.
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Campus C, Airlangga University, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
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Tolerance Assessment of Atractylodes macrocephala Polysaccharide in the Diet of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081581. [PMID: 36009300 PMCID: PMC9404858 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide (AMP) can enhance antioxidant defense and anti-inflammation, as the tolerance levels of AMP in aquaculture is important for additive utilization. However, the tolerance dose of AMP is unknown. We assess the tolerance levels of AMP in juvenile largemouth bass (3.38 ± 0.11 g) by feeding them a 0, 400, 4000, or 8000 mg/kg AMP supplemented diet for 10 weeks. The 400 mg/kg AMP dose increased growth performance. The Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway was activated, as indicated by Keap1 and Nrf2 protein levels in the liver. Enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx), together with increased mRNA levels of antioxidant genes (sod, gpx) and decreased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA, was found in the liver, implying the antioxidant effect of AMP. Nutrient absorption was enhanced by AMP, as reflected by the increased length of intestinal villi and microvilli. However, 4000 and 8000 mg/kg AMP induced oxidant stress, as indicated by increased plasma ALT and AST content and decreased mRNA levels of antioxidant genes (sod, gpx) in the liver and intestinal tissues. Inflammatory reactions were also induced by high doses of AMP, as reflected by enhanced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tnfα, nfκb) in the liver, intestinal, and kidney tissues and inhibited levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (tgfβ, iκb). Histological analysis reveals inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue damage. Thus, the safe tolerance margin of AMP supplement for largemouth bass was 400–4000 mg/kg.
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Intestinal Lipase Characterization in Common Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) Juveniles. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) is a euryhaline fish with high commercial demand in the Mexican southeast, Caribbean, and South America. However, some aspects of its digestive physiology are still unknown, particularly in relation to lipid hydrolysis. Therefore, the characterization of the digestive lipase of this species was carried out. Our results show that the digestive lipase’s optimal temperature is 35 °C, being stable between 25 and 35 °C, and shows maximum activity at pH 9, with stability between pH 5 and 8. Different degrees of inhibition were presented by Orlistat (61.4%), Ebelactone A (90.36%), Ebelactone B (75.9%), SDS 1% (80.7%), SDS 0.1% (73.5%), and SDS at 0.01% (34.9%). Orlistat and Ebelactone A and B completely inhibited the lipase band in the zymogram, but not SDS addition. Lipase showed a molecular weight of 43.8 kDa. The high lipase activities in the digestive tract indicate the importance of lipids in the diet of C. undecimalis.
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