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de Oliveira Costa MK, Nepomuceno RC, Souza DH, de Melo MCA, de Souza OF, Silva VS, Gomes TR, Watanabe PH, Freitas ER. Sunflower cake associated with crude glycerin in white laying hens diets: Performance and quality, antioxidant activity and lipid oxidation of eggs. Res Vet Sci 2023; 164:105038. [PMID: 37801743 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sunflower cake inclusion and its association with crude glycerin in the diet of laying hens. A total of 320 laying hens with 39 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme with 5 replications of 8 birds. The studied factors were 4 inclusion levels of sunflower cake and 2 levels of crude glycerin. The inclusion of 210 g/kg of sunflower cake reduced egg mass and worsened feed conversion, and after the level 70 g/kg there was reduction in yolk coloration and specific density of eggs with or without the addition of glycerin in the diet. The addition of 70 g/kg of crude glycerin reduced the specific density of eggs in all levels of sunflower cake. There was increase in phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and antioxidant activity in eggs and reduction in lipid oxidation of yolks from fresh and stored eggs, with the inclusion of sunflower cake. The addition of crude glycerin increased the lipid oxidation of egg yolks. Therefore, it is possible to include up to 140 g/kg sunflower cake in the diet of laying hens, with or without crude glycerin, without impairing performance and egg quality, obtaining higher antioxidant capacity of eggs and lower lipid oxidation in yolks from fresh and stored eggs. The inclusion of 70 g/kg crude glycerin does not affect laying hens performance, however, it worsens shell quality and increases lipid oxidation in the liver and egg yolks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monik Kelly de Oliveira Costa
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Ceará, 2977 Mister Hull Ave, Block 808, Pici Campus, 60356-000 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rafael Carlos Nepomuceno
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Ceará, 2977 Mister Hull Ave, Block 808, Pici Campus, 60356-000 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Davyd Herik Souza
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Ceará, 2977 Mister Hull Ave, Block 808, Pici Campus, 60356-000 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Craveiro Abreu de Melo
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Ceará, 2977 Mister Hull Ave, Block 808, Pici Campus, 60356-000 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Otoniel Félix de Souza
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Ceará, 2977 Mister Hull Ave, Block 808, Pici Campus, 60356-000 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Valquíria Sousa Silva
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Ceará, 2977 Mister Hull Ave, Block 808, Pici Campus, 60356-000 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Thalles Ribeiro Gomes
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Roraima, BR 174, Km 12, Block A, Campus Cauamé, 69301-970 Boa Vista, RR, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Watanabe
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Ceará, 2977 Mister Hull Ave, Block 808, Pici Campus, 60356-000 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ednardo Rodrigues Freitas
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Ceará, 2977 Mister Hull Ave, Block 808, Pici Campus, 60356-000 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Kianfar R, Di Rosa AR, Divari N, Janmohammadi H, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Oteri M, Gorlov IF, Slozhenkina MI, Mosolov AA, Seidavi A. A Comparison of the Effects of Raw and Processed Amaranth Grain on Laying Hens' Performance, Egg Physicochemical Properties, Blood Biochemistry and Egg Fatty Acids. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081394. [PMID: 37106958 PMCID: PMC10135099 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of using different levels of either raw or processed amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus chlorostachys) grain on performance productivity, egg physicochemical properties, blood biochemistry and egg fatty acids, a trial was conducted using 168 Hy-line W-36 laying hens (67 week of age) in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and six replications of four birds for eight weeks. The trial treatments included the control group receiving no amaranth and the test groups receiving 5, 10 and 15% of raw or autoclaved (120 °C for 5 min) amaranth grain based on dry matter. The results showed that the use of processed amaranth up to the level of five and ten percent of the diet compared to raw amaranth resulted in a better performance than the control group (p < 0.05). The consumption of amaranth decreased blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride of trial birds without having a negative effect on their health and blood antioxidant status (p < 0.05). The use of different forms of amaranth in diets of laying hens had no negative effects on the physicochemical properties of eggs and led to the production of eggs with reduced yolk cholesterol and triglyceride; however, the omega-6 content in eggs and the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of amaranth grain at low levels in the diet of laying hens can enhance the health of the bird and the production of quality and useful eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhollah Kianfar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Ambra Rita Di Rosa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Neda Divari
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Hossein Janmohammadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran
| | | | - Marianna Oteri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Ivan Fedorovich Gorlov
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, 400131 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Marina Ivanovna Slozhenkina
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, 400131 Volgograd, Russia
| | | | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 41335-3516, Iran
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Janmohammadi H, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Oliyai M, Alijani S, Gorlov IF, Slozhenkina MI, Mosolov AA, Suarez Ramirez L, Seidavi A, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V, Ragni M. Effect of Dietary Amaranth ( Amaranthus hybridus chlorostachys) Supplemented with Enzyme Blend on Egg Quality, Serum Biochemistry and Antioxidant Status in Laying Hens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020456. [PMID: 36830014 PMCID: PMC9952584 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A feeding trial was performed to assess the effects of dietary raw amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus chlorostachys) grain (RAG), with or without an enzyme blend, on the productive performance, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant status in laying hens. The trial was conducted following a completely randomized design by factorial method, including five levels of RAG (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%, respectively) and two levels of enzyme blend (0 -E and 0.025 +E %). A total of 960 White Leghorn (Hy-line W-36) laying hens (56 weeks of age) were divided into 10 groups with eight repetitions, including 12 birds. The trial period was ten weeks. Results showed that RAG levels in feed (>10%) led to a significant decrease in blood total cholesterol (TC), but they also significantly decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p ˂ 0.05) as measured by feed intake (FI), hen daily production (HDP), egg weight (EW), and mass (EM), leading to overall worse productivity compared to the control group. On the contrary, the addition of the enzyme blend led to an improvement in the investigated production traits (p ˂ 0.05), with the exception of HDP. The enzyme blend was also capable of recovering productive performance when combined with low concentrations of RAG (10%) (p ˂ 0.05), and RAG × enzyme blend groups showed the lowest values of TC (p ˂ 0.05). Moreover, the interaction effects for atherogenic index (LDL/HDL) indicated a significant and promising reduction in response to the addition of RAG both in the presence and absence of the enzyme blend (p ˂ 0.05), and this additive also significantly reduced levels of egg yolk cholesterol (p ˂ 0.05). In summary, the evidence gathered in this trial showed that dietary RAG had positive effects on egg quality characteristics, leading to the production of low-cholesterol eggs, and, at the same time, it may improve the health status of laying hens. Furthermore, the addition of an enzyme blend allowed feeding up to 10% RAG in the diet, leading to an optimal balance between animal productivity and the beneficial effects of RAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Janmohammadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran
| | | | - Majid Oliyai
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Sadegh Alijani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Ivan Fedorovich Gorlov
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, 400131 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Marina Ivanovna Slozhenkina
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, 400131 Volgograd, Russia
| | | | - Lourdes Suarez Ramirez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Animal Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35412 Arucas, Spain
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 41335-3516, Iran
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Ragni
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Baghban-Kanani P, Oteri M, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Azimi-Youvalari S, Di Rosa AR, Chiofalo B, Seidavi A, Phillips CJC. The effects of replacing wheat and soyabean meal with duckweed (Lemna minor) and including enzymes in the diet of laying hens on the yield and quality of eggs, biochemical parameters, and their antioxidant status. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13888. [PMID: 38018645 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Duckweed is a rapidly growing aquatic plant, which could be used in the diet of laying hens to enhance carbon capture and improve land use efficiency. Digestion may be improved by supplementation with exogenous enzymes. We replaced soyabean meal and wheat with duckweed in a 10-week study with 432, 60-week-old Hy-Line W-36 layers, divided into six isocaloric and isonitrogenous dietary treatments, each with eight replicates. Two factors were investigated: first, duckweed substituted for wheat gluten meal and soyabean meal at 0, 7.5 and 15% of the diet, and second, with and without a multi-enzyme supplement (500 mg/kg). Duckweed did not affect egg output or weight, but it improved yolk color (P = 0.01) and reduced the liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.04) and alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.02) in serum, suggesting hepatoprotective effects. Enzyme addition did not alter the effects of including duckweed in the diet, but it increased feed intake (P = 0.03). It is concluded that, as well as offering the potential to increase land productivity, inclusion of duckweed in the diet of laying hens enhances egg yolk color and hepatoprotection, without detrimental effects on performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Baghban-Kanani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Noavaran Arka Tejarat Kabodan Company, Urmia, Iran
| | - Marianna Oteri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Babak Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Darvash Giah Khazar Medicinal Herbs Complex, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Ambra Rita Di Rosa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Biagina Chiofalo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Clive J C Phillips
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Curtin University Sustainability Policy (CUSP) Institute, Faculty of Humanities, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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Tufarelli V, Baghban-Kanani P, Azimi-Youvalari S, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Slozhenkina M, Gorlov I, Viktoronova FM, Seidavi A, Laudadio V. Effect of dietary flaxseed meal supplemented with dried tomato and grape pomace on performance traits and antioxidant status of laying hens. Anim Biotechnol 2022; 33:1525-1532. [PMID: 33955809 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1914070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary flaxseed meal (FSM) supplemented with dried tomato pomace (DTP) and dried grape pomace (DGP) on performance, egg quality, biochemical parameters traits and antioxidant status of laying hens. Birds (1825 ± 87 g of body weight) were divided into 12 dietary groups with six replicates per group (eight birds per replicate), under a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement 2 × 3 × 2 consisted of two levels of DTP (0 and 15%), three FSM levels (0, 4 and 8%) and two levels of DGP (0 and 5%). As a result of this study, there were no significant differences in egg production and weight as well in feed conversion ratio (FCR) among treatments (p > 0.05). Feeding of DGP reduced significantly feed intake and egg mass when compared to control group (p < 0.05). There was no effect (p > 0.05) of dietary treatment on shell thickness and strength, shape index, Haugh unit and egg specific gravity. Hens consuming 15% DTP and 5% DGP revealed a significantly higher yolk color compared to the other dietary treatments (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was no difference among dietary treatments in terms of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) cholesterol, atherogenic index, triglycerides, total cholesterol levels (p > 0.05). Serum antioxidant parameters as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), total superoxide dismutase (TSOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were not influenced by treatments (p > 0.05). Based on findings, FSM and DTP supplements did not significantly impact most of hens' performance indicators and egg quality parameters, whereas significant improvements were observed by feeding of 15% DTP and 5% DGP on egg traits, in particular on egg-yolk color that plays a key-role in consumer's choice. However, the supplementation of FSM and DTP or DGP even in laying hen diet is still controversial and further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of DETO - Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marina Slozhenkina
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Ivan Gorlov
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Frolova Maria Viktoronova
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of DETO - Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy
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Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Janmohammadi H, Hosseinkhani A, Amirdahri S, Baghban-Kanani P, Gorlov IF, Slozhenkina MI, Mosolov AA, Ramirez LS, Seidavi A. Effects of Using Processed Amaranth Grain with and without Enzyme on Performance, Egg Quality, Antioxidant Status and Lipid Profile of Blood and Yolk Cholesterol in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223123. [PMID: 36428351 PMCID: PMC9686602 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding Amaranthus hybridus chlorostachys grain (AG) with (+E) and without enzyme (−E) on performance, egg quality, antioxidant status and lipid profile of blood serum and yolk cholesterol in laying hens. A total of 960 white leghorn (Hy-line W-36) commercial layers (56 weeks) were divided into 10 groups with 8 replicates per group (12 birds per replicate, including 3 adjacent cages with 4 birds each). A completely randomized design was implemented with a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of five levels of AG (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 g/kg) and two levels of multienzyme complex addition (0 −E and 0.25 +E g/kg) fed to the hens for 12 weeks (2 wk. adaptation + 10 wk. main experiment). Feed intake (FI) and percentage of hen day production (HDP) were not affected by main effect of the AG level, but egg mass (EM) and egg weight (EW) were decreased (p < 0.01), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was impaired (p < 0.01). EM, EW and FCR were improved by enzyme addition (p < 0.01). EM, EW and FCR were affected (p < 0.01) by the interaction of AG and enzyme addition. The highest value of EM and the lowest value of FCR were observed in hens on the diet containing 200 g/kg AG with enzyme addition. Egg yolk cholesterol content was reduced (p < 0.05) by up to 10% with increasing levels AG in experimental diets. The egg quality traits, including Haugh units of protein quality, strength and shell thickness, were not affected by the main effects or interaction of AG and enzyme consumption. Amaranth feeding led to a decrease (p < 0.05) in triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) while also promoting increases (p < 0.05) in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the blood. A comparison of the effects of contrasts showed that functional parameters (except FI), yolk cholesterol, antioxidant parameters (except MDA) and blood lipid profile had differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the hens fed amaranth versus those not fed amaranth. These findings indicate that feeding a diet containing up to 200 g/kg of AG with enzyme addition can improve EW, EM and FCR. Feeding laying hens diets containing AG also positively influenced blood traits and antioxidant status in laying hens while reducing egg yolk cholesterol content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Janmohammadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Ali Hosseinkhani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Saeid Amirdahri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Payam Baghban-Kanani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Ivan Fedorovich Gorlov
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, 400131 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Marina Ivanovna Slozhenkina
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, 400131 Volgograd, Russia
| | | | - Lourdes Suarez Ramirez
- Department of Animal Pathology, Animal Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35412 Arucas, Spain
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 41335-3516, Iran
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-9113313073
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Mbukwane MJ, Nkukwana TT, Plumstead PW, Snyman N. Sunflower Meal Inclusion Rate and the Effect of Exogenous Enzymes on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030253. [PMID: 35158577 PMCID: PMC8833652 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Over the years, there has been an increase in the price of traditionally used protein sources such as soybean meal (SBM) in broiler feed. This has necessitated the need for alternative protein sources that can partially substitute the SBM protein and reduce the cost of feeding. Sunflower meal (SFM), a by-product from the oil processing industry, is available in significantly high quantities throughout the year at lower cost. SFM can be produced in drought-stricken places with good harvest and is less prone to fungal infestation. Although SFM has protein levels ranging between 32 and 37 percent, its inclusion levels in broiler diets have been limited to 5% due to high concentration of non-starch polysaccharides, low metabolizable energy and lysine levels. This presents challenges in feed manufacturing, since composition depends on the amount of oil extracted and retained hulls, with effects on the digestive efficiency of broiler chicks, especially in the first 21 d of growth. The use of multi-enzymes that target specific substrates in SFM can potentially allow an increase in its inclusion levels, thereby reducing the deleterious anti-nutritional effects from non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs). Additionally, multienzyme supplementation can result in flock uniformity and environmental pollution reduction due to less nutrient loss in manure. Abstract The study examined the effect of de-hulled sunflower meal (SFM) inclusion rate and exogenous enzymes (EE) on broilers production performance. A four-feeding phase of pre-starter (1–9 d), grower (10–20 d), finisher (21–28 d) and post-finisher (29–35 d) was used with SFM included as low (BSL) and high (BSH) in all phases. BLS inclusion was 3% throughout phases and BSH inclusion was 7.5%, 10%, 13% and 13.5% for the 4-phases. Each SFM had a negative control (NC) (BSL− and BSH−) and positive (PC) (BSL+ and BSH+) control with additional 80 kcal Apparent Metabolizable Energy. Enzymes: xylanase (X), xylanase + beta-glucanase (XB), xylanase + beta-glucanase + protease (XBP) and xylanase + amylase + protease (XAP) were added to the NC and PC to give 6 treatments. Pen body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) were determined at 9, 20, 28 and 35 d and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated accordingly. Diets were fed ad libitum to 1920 male Ross 308 broilers. Diet type, enzyme and diet by enzyme interactions were not significantly different amongst treatment diets. During the pre-starter and the grower phase, all studied parameters did not significantly differ from each other. All studied parameters were significantly influenced by enzyme addition and diet-type and enzyme interaction at 35 d except for diet type on FCR. Broilers fed BSH supplemented with XAP recorded the highest BWG (2.69 kg), whereas broiler chickens on BSL and supplemented with XBP recorded the lowest BWG (2.60 kg). SFM can be increased to 13% and 13.5% finisher and post-finisher diets without negatively affecting performance, and X and XAP enzymes can improve BWG of broilers grown to 35 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbuso Jethro Mbukwane
- Department Wildlife and Animal Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
| | - Thobela T. Nkukwana
- Department Wildlife and Animal Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Peter W. Plumstead
- Chemuniqué (Pty) Ltd., 28 Eagle Lane, Lanseria Business Park, Lanseria 1739, South Africa; (P.W.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Natasha Snyman
- Chemuniqué (Pty) Ltd., 28 Eagle Lane, Lanseria Business Park, Lanseria 1739, South Africa; (P.W.P.); (N.S.)
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Ruan D, Dai Z, Fouad AM, Zhang Y, Li C, Wang S, Huang X, Li K, Sun Y, You J, Zheng C. Effects of dietary sunflower meal supplementation on productive performance, antioxidative capacity, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota in laying ducks. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Effects of Sunflower Meal Supplementation as a Complementary Protein Source in the Laying Hen’s Diet on Productive Performance, Egg Quality, and Nutrient Digestibility. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The practical usage of untraditional feedstuffs such as sunflower meal (SFM) in laying hens nutrition in developing countries has received considerable attention. SFM is a by-product of the sunflower oil industry and has been progressively added to bird’s diets. Sunflower meal (SFM) is gaining great interest as a feed ingredient due to its eminent crude protein content, low anti-nutritional compounds, and low price. The current experiment was aimed to assess the production efficiency, egg quality, yolk fatty acids composition, and nutrient digestibility of laying hens fed SFM. A total of 162 Bovans Brown laying hens aged 60 weeks old were randomly allocated using a completely randomized design into three experimental groups of nine replicates each (n = six/replicate) for eight weeks. The dietary treatments involved a control (basal diet) and two levels of SFM, 50 and 100 g/kg feed. The dietary treatments did not influence live weight gain, feed intake, and egg mass. On one hand, the laying rate was increased; on the other hand, the feed conversion ratio and broken eggs rate of laying hens were decreased (p < 0.05) by the dietary inclusion of SFM. Dietary treatments had no effect on the egg’s quality characteristics except the yolk color and yolk height were larger (p = 0.01) for laying hens fed SFM compared with those fed the control. Dietary inclusion of SFM decreased (p < 0.05) the content of cholesterol in the egg yolk. Still, it increased the yolk contents of vitamin E, calcium, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and oleic acid (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the dietary inclusion of SFM increased crude protein and calcium digestibility, but decreased the ether extract digestibility. In conclusion, our results suggested that the dietary inclusion of SFM, up to 100 g/kg at a late phase of laying, could improve the production performance, some of the egg quality traits, and nutrient digestibility while decreasing egg yolk cholesterol.
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Abbasi Arabshahi H, Ghasemi HA, Hajkhodadadi I, Khaltabadi Farahani AH. Effects of multicarbohydrase and butyrate glycerides on productive performance, nutrient digestibility, gut morphology, and ileal microbiota in late-phase laying hens fed corn- or wheat-based diets. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101066. [PMID: 33744611 PMCID: PMC8010519 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was undertaken to determine the effects of supplemental multicarbohydrase (MC) and butyrate glycerides (BG) on productive performance, nutritional, and physiological responses in laying hens fed corn- or wheat-based diets during a 12-week production period (from 50–62 wk of age). The experiment consisted of a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of the treatments with 2 different basal diets (corn- or wheat-based diets), 2 concentrations of MC (0 or 200 mg/kg of diet), and 2 concentrations of BG (0 or 2 g/kg of diet). Each treatment had 6 replicates with 8 hens each. The interactions among diet, MC, and BG were observed for egg production (P = 0.048), feed conversion ratio (P = 0.005), and ileal Escherichia coli count (P = 0.043), indicating that the effects of MC and BG on these responses were more marked when wheat-based diet was fed. A diet × MC interaction (P < 0.05) was also detected for egg mass, eggshell breaking strength, jejunal viscosity, and digestibility coefficients of fat and ash. Replacing 100% of the corn with wheat in the diets of laying hens negatively affected (P < 0.05) yolk color index, eggshell thickness, digesta viscosity, jejunal morphology, and populations of ileal microbiota. By contrast, MC supplementation increased (P < 0.05) eggshell thickness, digestibility coefficients of energy and crude protein, and populations of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. in the ileum. Inclusion of BG also resulted in greater (P < 0.05) jejunal villus height and villus surface area, and digestibility coefficients of protein and ash, but lower (P < 0.05) populations of total bacteria, Salmonella and E. coli in the ileum. Results indicate that while the complete substitution of corn by wheat has a detrimental effect on productive performance and gut health, the combination of MC and BG may have synergistic effects on improving productive performance and intestinal microbiota in laying hens fed the wheat-based diets during the late laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Abbasi Arabshahi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran.
| | - Iman Hajkhodadadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, 38156-8-8349 Arak, Iran
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Tufarelli V, Baghban-Kanani P, Azimi-Youvalari S, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Slozhenkina M, Gorlov I, Seidavi A, Ayaşan T, Laudadio V. Effects of Horsetail ( Equisetum arvense) and Spirulina ( Spirulina platensis) Dietary Supplementation on Laying Hens Productivity and Oxidative Status. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020335. [PMID: 33525736 PMCID: PMC7911488 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the last decade, the interest in plants, plant extracts, and derived phytochemicals as dietary additives for poultry has significantly increased. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of both horsetail and spirulina on performance, egg quantitative and qualitative traits, serum and yolk cholesterol, and antioxidant status of laying hens. Based on the findings, supplementing laying hen diet with horsetail and spirulina did not have a detrimental effect on productive parameters. Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of dietary horsetail (Equisetum arvense) and spirulina (Spirulina platensis) supplementation on performance, egg quality, serum biochemical and antioxidant status of laying hens. A total of 648, 63-week-old Hy-Line W-36 layers were divided into nine groups with eight replicates per group (nine birds per replicate). A feeding trial was conducted under completely randomized design with factorial arrangement 3 × 3 consisting of three different dietary levels of horsetail supplementations (0, 0.25, and 0.50%, respectively) in combination with three levels of spirulina (0, 1, and 2%, respectively). Results showed that feed intake, egg production, egg weight and mass, and feed conversion ratio were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments. Eggshell thickness, strength, and yolk color were significantly improved in diets supplemented with 0.5% horsetail and 2% spirulina and their interactions. Egg yolk cholesterol was not significantly different among groups; however, a significant reduction was found when fed 2% spirulina. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration decreased by supplementing 2% spirulina in diet; also, spirulina increased total superoxide dismutase (TSOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in laying hens. Overall, the findings indicated that the combination of horsetail and spirulina could have potential for improving the egg’s physical parameters, whereas spirulina was more effective in improving blood traits and oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Payam Baghban-Kanani
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran; (P.B.-K.); (B.H.-G.)
| | | | | | - Marina Slozhenkina
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, 400131 Volgograd, Russia; (M.S.); (I.G.)
| | - Ivan Gorlov
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, 400131 Volgograd, Russia; (M.S.); (I.G.)
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 41335-3516, Iran
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Tugay Ayaşan
- Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Kadirli Academy of Applied Sciences, 80000 Osmaniye, Turkey;
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy;
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Lu Q, Chen P, Chai Y, Li Q, Mao H. Effects of dietary rubber seed oil on production performance, egg quality and yolk fatty acid composition of Hy-Line Brown layers. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:119-126. [PMID: 32299177 PMCID: PMC7888493 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to evaluate the effects of dietary supplement of rubber seed oil on production performance, egg quality, and yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens during a 16-week feeding trial period. Methods Forty-eight 25-week-old laying hens of Hy-Line Brown were randomly divided into three groups. Each group comprised four replicates and each replicate had four birds. Rubber seed oil was incorporated into a corn-soybean meal basal diet by 3.5% (group I), 4.5% (group II), or 0 (control group) and equivalent nutrition was supplied for the test groups and the control group. The performance related values were determined using standard or well established methods. Results No significant difference was found in the production performance, the egg quality, the composition of saturated fatty acids, and the content of cholesterol and monounsaturated fatty acids in the yolk within the three groups. Interestingly, both test groups achieved a significantly higher content of linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid and a significantly lower content of arachidonic acid (p<0.05) compared with the control group. With the increased level of dietary rubber seed oil, there was an increasing trend in the content of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-3 PUFA and total PUFA, but a declining trend in the n-6/n-3 ratio. Conclusion These results demonstrate that the rubber seed oil supplemented diet effectively improved the total PUFA content in eggs without impairing the layers’ production performance and the egg quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongfen Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Peifu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yan Chai
- Mangshi Bureau of Science and Technology, Dehong 678400, China
| | - Qihua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Huaming Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China
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Effect of supplemental serine-protease from Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance and physiological change of broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1732986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Practical applications of agricultural wastes in poultry feeding in Mediterranean and Middle East regions. Part 2: tomato, olive, date, sunflower wastes. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s004393391800051x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Baghban-Kanani P, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B, Azimi-Youvalari S, Seidavi A, Laudadio V, Mazzei D, Tufarelli V. Effect of dietary sesame (Sesame indicum L) seed meal level supplemented with lysine and phytase on performance traits and antioxidant status of late-phase laying hens. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:277-285. [PMID: 31010976 PMCID: PMC6946971 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was performed to investigate the effects of supplementing sesame seed meal (SSM) with phytase and lysine on performance, egg quality, blood biochemical and antioxidant status of laying hens. Methods A total of 960, 56-wk-old laying hens were divided into 12 dietary groups with eight replicates per group (10 birds per replicate). A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement 2×3×2 consisted of two levels of lysine supplement (0 and 10% over requirement), three SSM levels (0, 10 and 20%) with or without phytase (0 and 300 g/ton). The feeding trial lasted 10 weeks. Results From findings, birds fed diets with 10% SSM had higher feed intake than groups fed 0 and 20% SSM. The addition of phytase to experimental feeds, improved feed conversion ratio (FCR), increased egg weight and mass (P<0.01). Egg quality criteria was not affected by supplementing phytase; however, supplementing 300 g/ton phytase to hens diet, led to a significant (P<0. 05) increase in egg shell strength. Egg yolk cholesterol and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), atherogenic index and total cholesterol were decreased (P<0.01) by diet containing 20% SSM. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was increased (P<0.05) in serum of hens fed 20% SSM than the other groups. It was also observed that total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total superoxide dismutase (TSOD) content of hens fed 20% SSM was significantly upper than control group (P<0.05). Conclusion As from results, dietary supplementation of SSM and phytase had no negative effects on laying hens performance or egg quality improving also the egg oxidative stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht 41335-3516, Iran
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Study of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano 70010, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Mazzei
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Study of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano 70010, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Study of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Valenzano 70010, Bari, Italy
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Effects of Using Artemisia annua Leaves, Probiotic Blend, and Organic Acids on Performance, Egg Quality, Blood Biochemistry, and Antioxidant Status of Laying Hens. J Poult Sci 2019; 56:120-127. [PMID: 32055206 PMCID: PMC7005408 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0180050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate and compare the effects of using Artemisia annua leaves, probiotic, and organic acid on the performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant status of laying hens. In total, 288 Hy-Line W-36 commercial layers (32 weeks old) were divided into six groups with six replicates per group (eight birds per replicate) and were fed one of six experimental diets. The hens were fed either a corn-soybean meal basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with 2.5% A. annua leaves (AA1), 5% A. annua leaves (AA2), 7.5% A. annua leaves (AA3), 0.1% probiotic (Pro), and 0.005% organic acid (Org), respectively. The experiment lasted 10 weeks. Results showed that there were differences in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) among experimental groups (P<0.05). The highest yolk color index and shell thickness were observed in hens fed AA3 and AA2 diets (P<0.05). Egg yolk cholesterol was decreased (P<0.01) by the diet containing AA3 and Pro compared to the other groups. The atherogenic index was lower (P<0.01) in the plasma of hens fed AA3 than those in other groups. The glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in layers fed AA3 were lower and higher (P<0.05), respectively, than in layers fed the other diets. Moreover, the concentration of plasma cholesterol was decreased (P<0.05) in layers fed AA3 and Pro. In conclusion, feeding laying hens with A. annua leaves positively influenced the plasma antioxidant status, and the dietary inclusion of A. annua leaves plus a probiotic significantly decreased the egg yolk cholesterol, with no adverse effect on the egg productive traits.
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