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Thamaga MW, Mokoboki HK, Sebola NA, Ravhuhali KE. Apparent digestibility and nutritional composition of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) leaf meal incorporated in the diets of Black Australorp and Potchefstroom Koekoek chicken breeds. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:458. [PMID: 34542706 PMCID: PMC8452586 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02922-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the apparent digestibility and nutrient composition of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (LLM) inclusion in Black Australorp and Potchefstroom Koekoek diets. Tender and mature leaves were separately harvested from 10 individual trees and stored separately for chemical analyses. The leaves were air-dried in a well-ventilated laboratory to constant weight and milled to pass through a 1-mm sieve. A mixture of tender and mature leaves was also collected to produce a bulk leaf meal. The four iso-nitrogenous dietary treatments were 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% of LLM, respectively. The apparent digestibility of two chicken breeds was also evaluated. The dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), ether extract (EE), cellulose and hemicellulose of the samples did not differ between tender and mature leaves. Tender leaves had higher (P < 0.05) calcium, potassium, magnesium and sodium concentration than mature leaves. Crude protein and mimosine content were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in tender than in mature leaves. The inclusion levels of L. leucocephala leaf meal affect (P < 0.05) acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and crude protein (CP) digestibility. Crude protein digestibility decreases as the inclusion levels of L. leucocephala increase. Both tender and mature L. leucocephala leaves have a potential nutritional value that can be used in feedstuff and can be used as a protein supplement for Black Australorp and Potchefstroom Koekoek chicken breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marupine Windy Thamaga
- Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, Land and Environmental Affairs, Private Bag x3001, Mbibane, Dr JS Moroka Municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. .,Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
| | - Hilda Kwena Mokoboki
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.,Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola
- School of Agriculture and Life Science, Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort, 1710, South Africa
| | - Khuliso Emmanuel Ravhuhali
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.,Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
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Zhao Z, Liu N, Wang C, Cheng J, Guo M. Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed whey proteins in Saanen goat milk from different provinces in China using a data-independent acquisition technique. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:10513-10527. [PMID: 34419278 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Whey proteins of Saanen goat milk samples from 3 provinces in China (Guangdong, GD; Inner Mongolia, IM; Shaanxi, SX) were characterized and compared using data-independent acquisition quantitative proteomics technique. A total of 550 proteins were quantified in all 3 samples. There were 44, 44, and 33 differentially expressed proteins (DEP) for GD versus IM, GD versus SX, and IM versus SX, respectively. Gene ontology annotation analysis showed that the largest number of DEP for the 3 comparisons were as follows: for biological processes: response to progesterone, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate metabolic process, and negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation; for molecular functions: antioxidant activity, binding, and peroxiredoxin activity; and for cellular components: the same category of extracellular regions for the 3 comparisons, respectively. Pathways for the DEP of 3 comparisons were (1) disease; (2) synthesis and metabolism; and (3) synthesis, degradation, and metabolism. Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that DEP for GD versus SX had the most interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Cuina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Department of Food Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China.
| | - Mingruo Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405
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