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Qasrawi R, Badrasawi M, Al-Halawa DA, Polo SV, Khader RA, Al-Taweel H, Alwafa RA, Zahdeh R, Hahn A, Schuchardt JP. Identification and prediction of association patterns between nutrient intake and anemia using machine learning techniques: results from a cross-sectional study with university female students from Palestine. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03360-8. [PMID: 38512358 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study utilized data mining and machine learning (ML) techniques to identify new patterns and classifications of the associations between nutrient intake and anemia among university students. METHODS We employed K-means clustering analysis algorithm and Decision Tree (DT) technique to identify the association between anemia and vitamin and mineral intakes. We normalized and balanced the data based on anemia weighted clusters for improving ML models' accuracy. In addition, t-tests and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were performed to identify significant differences between the clusters. We evaluated the models on a balanced dataset of 755 female participants from the Hebron district in Palestine. RESULTS Our study found that 34.8% of the participants were anemic. The intake of various micronutrients (i.e., folate, Vit A, B5, B6, B12, C, E, Ca, Fe, and Mg) was below RDA/AI values, which indicated an overall unbalanced malnutrition in the present cohort. Anemia was significantly associated with intakes of energy, protein, fat, Vit B1, B5, B6, C, Mg, Cu and Zn. On the other hand, intakes of protein, Vit B2, B5, B6, C, E, choline, folate, phosphorus, Mn and Zn were significantly lower in anemic than in non-anemic subjects. DT classification models for vitamins and minerals (accuracy rate: 82.1%) identified an inverse association between intakes of Vit B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, E, folate, Zn, Mg, Fe and Mn and prevalence of anemia. CONCLUSIONS Besides the nutrients commonly known to be linked to anemia-like folate, Vit B6, C, B12, or Fe-the cluster analyses in the present cohort of young female university students have also found choline, Vit E, B2, Zn, Mg, Mn, and phosphorus as additional nutrients that might relate to the development of anemia. Further research is needed to elucidate if the intake of these nutrients might influence the risk of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwan Qasrawi
- Department of Computer Science, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
- Department of Computer Engineering, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Manal Badrasawi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine
| | | | | | - Rami Abu Khader
- Department of Computer Science, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Haneen Al-Taweel
- Department of Computer Science, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Reem Abu Alwafa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Rana Zahdeh
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biology, College of Applied Sciences, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Schuchardt
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Song G, Li W, Ma Y, Xian Y, Liao X, Yang X, Zhang H, Cade JE. Nutrient intake and risk of multimorbidity: a prospective cohort study of 25,389 women. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:696. [PMID: 38439008 PMCID: PMC10913224 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity is becoming an increasingly serious public health challenge in the aging population. The impact of nutrients on multimorbidity remains to be determined and was explored using data from a UK cohort study. METHOD Our research analysis is mainly based on the data collected by the United Kingdom Women's Cohort Study (UKWCS), which recruited 35,372 women aged 35-69 years at baseline (1995 to 1998), aiming to explore potential associations between diet and chronic diseases. Daily intakes of energy and nutrients were estimated using a validated 217-item food frequency questionnaire at recruitment. Multimorbidity was assessed using the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) through electronic linkages to Hospital Episode Statistics up to March 2019. Cox's proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations between daily intakes of nutrients and risk of multimorbidity. Those associations were also analyzed in multinomial logistic regression as a sensitivity analysis. In addition, a stratified analysis was conducted with age 60 as the cutoff point. RESULTS Among the 25,389 participants, 7,799 subjects (30.7%) were confirmed with multimorbidity over a median follow-up of 22 years. Compared with the lowest quintile, the highest quintile of daily intakes of energy and protein were associated with 8% and 12% increased risk of multimorbidity respectively (HR 1.08 (95% CI 1.01, 1.16), p-linearity = 0.022 for energy; 1.12 (1.04, 1.21), p-linearity = 0.003 for protein). Higher quintiles of daily intakes of vitamin C and iron had a slightly lowered risk of multimorbidity, compared to the lowest quintile. A significantly higher risk of multimorbidity was found to be linearly associated with higher intake quintiles of vitamin B12 and vitamin D (p-linearity = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively) in Cox models, which became insignificant in multinomial logistic regression. There was some evidence of effect modification by age in intakes of iron and vitamin B1 associated with the risk of multimorbidity (p-interaction = 0.006 and 0.025, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight a link between nutrient intake and multimorbidity risk. However, there is uncertainty in our results, and more research is needed before definite conclusions can be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanfen Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao Xian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Liao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Xueliang Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, 710061, Xi'an, China
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, 710061, Xi'an, China.
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LS2 9AT, Leeds, UK.
| | - Janet E Cade
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LS2 9AT, Leeds, UK
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Hakola L, Mramba LK, Uusitalo U, Andrén Aronsson C, Hummel S, Niinistö S, Erlund I, Yang J, Rewers MJ, Akolkar B, McIndoe RA, Rich SS, Hagopian WA, Ziegler A, Lernmark Å, Toppari J, Krischer JP, Norris JM, Virtanen SM. Intake of B vitamins and the risk of developing islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in the TEDDY study. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03346-6. [PMID: 38413484 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to study the association between dietary intake of B vitamins in childhood and the risk of islet autoimmunity (IA) and progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D) by the age of 10 years. METHODS We followed 8500 T1D-susceptible children born in the U.S., Finland, Sweden, and Germany in 2004 -2010 from the Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, which is a prospective observational birth cohort. Dietary intake of seven B vitamins was calculated from foods and dietary supplements based on 24-h recall at 3 months and 3-day food records collected regularly from 6 months to 10 years of age. Cox proportional hazard models were adjusted for energy, HLA-genotype, first-degree relative with T1D, sex, and country. RESULTS A total of 778 (9.2) children developed at least one autoantibody (any IA), and 335 (3.9%) developed multiple autoantibodies. 280 (3.3%) children had IAA and 319 (3.8%) GADA as the first autoantibody. 344 (44%) children with IA progressed to T1D. We observed that higher intake of niacin was associated with a decreased risk of developing multiple autoantibodies (HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.92, 0.98) per 1 mg/1000 kcal in niacin intake. Higher intake of pyridoxine (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.46, 0.96) and vitamin B12 (HR 0.87; 95% CI 0.77, 0.97) was associated with a decreased risk of IAA-first autoimmunity. Higher intake of riboflavin (HR 1.38; 95% CI 1.05, 1.80) was associated with an increased risk of GADA-first autoimmunity. There were no associations between any of the B vitamins and the outcomes "any IA" and progression from IA to T1D. CONCLUSION: In this multinational, prospective birth cohort of children with genetic susceptibility to T1D, we observed some direct and inverse associations between different B vitamins and risk of IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Hakola
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland.
- Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Lazarus K Mramba
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ulla Uusitalo
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Carin Andrén Aronsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Pediatric department, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sandra Hummel
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes E.V.at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Forschergruppe Diabetes at Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Sari Niinistö
- Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iris Erlund
- Department of Government Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jimin Yang
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Marian J Rewers
- Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Beena Akolkar
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard A McIndoe
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Anette Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Forschergruppe Diabetes E.V, Technische Universität München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University CRC, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jeffrey P Krischer
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jill M Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Suvi M Virtanen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland
- Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Takasu A, Gotoda T, Suzuki S, Kusano C, Goto C, Ishikawa H, Kogure H. Daily Diet and Nutrition Risk Factors for Gastric Cancer Incidence in a Japanese Population. Gut Liver 2024:gnl230354. [PMID: 38388181 DOI: 10.5009/gnl230354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims : Nutritional factors associated with gastric cancer (GC) are not completely understood. We aimed to determine the effect of nutrient intake on the incidence of GC. Methods : This was a post hoc analysis of a prospective trial that evaluated modalities for GC screening in participants aged 30 to 74 years living in high-risk areas for GC in Japan between June 2011 and March 2013. The patients were followed up for GC incidence for 6 years. All participants completed a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) upon enrollment before GC screening. Daily nutrient intake was calculated from the FFQ and dichotomized at each cutoff value using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Risk factors associated with GC incidence were investigated in terms of nutrient intake and participant characteristics using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results : Overall, 1,147 participants were included in this analysis. The median age was 62 years, and 50.7% of the participants were men. The median follow-up period was 2,184 days. GC was detected in 25 participants during the follow-up. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that the intake of sodium (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR], 3.905; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.520 to 10.035; p=0.005) and vitamin D (aHR, 2.747; 95% CI, 1.111 to 6.788, p=0.029) were positively associated with GC incidence, whereas the intake of soluble dietary fiber (aHR, 0.104; 95% CI, 0.012 to 0.905; p=0.040) was inversely associated with GC incidence. Conclusions : Daily high intake of sodium and vitamin D and low soluble dietary fiber intake are associated with GC incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Takasu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Gotoda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Chika Kusano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Chiho Goto
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya Bunri University, Inazawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kogure
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Chen T, Xu XP, Li JC, Tao KY, Zhao CS. Adequate nutrient intake mitigate the toxic effects of bromate on the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:11727-11734. [PMID: 38224435 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31871-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Bromate is receiving increased attention as a typical disinfection by-product in aquatic environments, but bromate toxicity tests on invertebrate such as Brachionus calyciflorus rotifer are inadequate. In the present study, the long-term toxicity tests on B. calyciflorus were performed during 21 days under the exposure of different bromate concentrations and two algal density conditions. Furthermore, we evaluated the feeding behaviors of the rotifers under the impact of bromate. The maximum population density of rotifers was significantly reduced at 100 and 200 mg/L bromate exposure at the two algal density conditions. However, we observed that the maximum population density and population growth rate of rotifers were higher at 3.0 × 106 cells/mL algal density than those at 1.0 × 106 cells/mL under the same conditions of bromate exposure. These results suggest that higher food density may have alleviated the negative effects of bromate on rotifers. Meanwhile, the ingestion rate at an algal density of 3.0 × 106 cells/mL was higher than that at 1.0 × 106 cells/mL. The present study provides a basic reference to comprehensively evaluate the toxic effects of bromate on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Xu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, China.
- Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded, Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Jin-Cheng Li
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Kai-Yan Tao
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Chang-Shuang Zhao
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, China
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Saldanha MF, Ribeiro Dos Santos R, Jansen AK. Energy and nutrient intake in older adults with healthy aging during the Corona Virus Disease 19 pandemic- a cohort study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 59:181-187. [PMID: 38220374 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Lockdown measures implemented amid the COVID-19 pandemic promoted changes in lifestyle, particularly engagement in physical activity/exercise and dietary intake. However, few studies are available investigating the healthy older population, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on energy and nutrient intake among older adults with successful aging and to evaluate changes in muscle mass, strength and physical performance. METHODS A cohort study of 38 healthy older adults from a Brazilian geriatrics referral center were assessed at two time points: baseline - up to 1 year prior to the pandemic; and follow-up - an average of 17 months after the pandemic outbreak. Energy and nutrient intake was determined using food recalls and diary records, while muscle mass was calculated based on anthropometric parameters. Maximum hand-grip strength and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score were also evaluated. RESULTS Median age of participants was 87 years. During the pandemic, intake of protein increased from 52.6 g to 63.9 g (p = 0.013) and micronutrients also increased: vitamin C from 35.4 mg to 76.1 mg (p = 0.027), vitamin B12 from 2.2 mg to 3.1 mg (p = 0.045), calcium from 435.1 mg to 631.5 mg (p < 0.001), magnesium from 186.5 mg to 198.9 mg (p = 0.043), zinc from 5.8 mg to 7.6 mg (p = 0.009), iron from 6.9 mg to 7.2 mg (p = 0.035) and potassium from 1941.6 mg to 2115.5 mg (p = 0.048). No changes in energy intake or other nutrients were evident. No difference in mass, strength or physical performance was observed during the study period. Overall, 84% of participants remained physically active, although engagement in physical exercise decreased by 50% (p < 0.002). CONCLUSION The increase in intake of proteins and micronutrients suggests improved diet quality during the pandemic. Engagement in physical exercise decreased significantly, but level of physical activity was maintained. No change in anthropometric parameters, strength or physical performance was evident in the population investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle Ferreira Saldanha
- Nursing School, Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenue Professor Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Clinic Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenue Professor Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Ann Kristine Jansen
- Nursing School, Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenue Professor Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Calumba KFA, Castro MMC, Delima AGD, Loquias MP, Bayogan ERV, Alviola PA. Association between nutrient intake from vegetables and BMI category of in-school adolescents in urban and rural areas in Davao City, Philippines. Dialogues Health 2023; 2:100116. [PMID: 38515469 PMCID: PMC10953906 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2023.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Consumption of vegetables may contribute to alleviating the double burden of malnutrition, which is widespread among adolescents. However, the link between specific nutrient intakes from vegetables and the body mass index (BMI) of in-school adolescents is not widely studied. This study determined the association between the nutrient intakes from the vegetables consumed and the BMI category of in-school adolescents in urban and rural areas in Davao City, Philippines. Self-reported vegetable consumption was collected from the respondents, and the corresponding nutrient intakes were calculated using the USDA food composition tables. The BMI of the participating adolescents was also measured. The results show that being underweight or overweight is generally associated with lower macronutrient and micronutrient intakes from the vegetables consumed, namely, bell pepper, bitter gourd, cabbage, carrot, chayote, Chinese cabbage, cucumber, eggplant, Malabar spinach, moringa, mung bean, okra, potato, sponge gourd, squash, string beans, sweet potato, sweet potato tops, taro, tomato, water spinach (P < 0.05). The nutrient intakes from vegetables consumed by adolescents from urban households were generally higher. The findings highlight the contribution of vegetables to the nutrient intakes in the adolescent population. This study reinforces the need for targeted dietary guidelines and further promotion of vegetables, especially indigenous ones, to improve the nutritional status of adolescents in the Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriza Faye A. Calumba
- Department of Food Science and Chemistry, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Philippines
| | | | - Aileen Grace D. Delima
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Philippines
| | - Melissa P. Loquias
- School of Management, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Philippines
| | - Emma Ruth V. Bayogan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Philippines
| | - Pedro A. Alviola
- School of Management, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Philippines
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Major-Smith D, Morgan J, Emmett P, Golding J, Northstone K. Associations between religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours and dietary patterns: analysis of the parental generation in a prospective cohort study (ALSPAC) in Southwest England. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2895-2911. [PMID: 37665131 PMCID: PMC10755456 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours (RSBB) have been associated with health outcomes, with diet a potential mediator of this relationship. We therefore explored whether RSBB were associated with differences in diet. DESIGN Dietary patterns and nutrient intakes were derived from food frequency questionnaire completed by pregnant women in 1991-1992 (mean age = 28·3 years, range = 15-46) and by the mothers and partners 4 years post-partum (mothers mean age = 32·3, range = 19-49; partners mean age = 34·5, range = 18-74). RSBB exposures measured in pregnancy included religious belief, affiliation and attendance. We first explored whether RSBBs were associated with dietary patterns in confounder-adjusted linear regression models. If associations were found, we examined whether RSBB were associated with nutrient intake (linear regression) and following nutrient intake guidelines (logistic regression). SETTING Prospective birth cohort study in Southwest England (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; ALSPAC). PARTICIPANTS 13 689 enrolled mothers and their associated partners. RESULTS In pregnant women, RSBB were associated with higher 'traditional' (i.e. 'meat and two veg') and lower 'vegetarian' dietary pattern scores. Religious attendance and non-Christian religious affiliation were associated with higher 'health-conscious' dietary pattern scores. Religious attendance was associated with increased micronutrient intake and following recommended micronutrient intake guidelines, with weaker effects for religious belief and affiliation. Comparable patterns were observed for mothers and partners 4 years post-partum, although associations between RSBB and nutrient intakes were weaker for partners. CONCLUSIONS RSBBs are associated with broad dietary patterns and nutrient intake in this cohort. If these reflect causal relationships, diet may potentially mediate the pathway between RSBB and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Major-Smith
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jimmy Morgan
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Pauline Emmett
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jean Golding
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Puranen T, Hiltunen K, Kautiainen H, Suominen MH, Salminen K, Mäntylä P, Roitto HM, Pitkälä KH, Saarela RKT. Relationship between oral frailty, health-related quality of life, and survival among long-term care residents. Eur Geriatr Med 2023; 14:1307-1315. [PMID: 37728853 PMCID: PMC10754726 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-023-00859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated oral frailty (OFr) and its association with health-related quality of life (HRQoL), energy and protein intake, and survival among older long-term care residents. METHODS This cross-sectional study with a 3-year follow-up for survival assessed 349 residents in long-term care facilities (73% female, mean age 82 years). We defined OFr with six signs (dry mouth, food residue on oral surfaces, unclear speech, inability to keep mouth open or pain expression during the clinical oral examination, diet pureed/soft) and OFr severity was categorized as Group 1, (mild) = 0-1 signs, Group 2 (moderate) = 2-4 signs, and Group 3 (severe) = 5-6 signs. We measured HRQoL with 15D instrument, and energy and protein intake by a 1- to 2-day food record. Mortality was retrieved from central registers on March 2021. RESULTS Of the residents, 15% had 0-1, 67% 2-4 and 18% 5-6 OFr signs. HRQoL decreased linearly from Group 1 to Group 3. OFr correlated with such dimensions of HRQoL as mobility, eating, speech, excretion, usual activities, mental function, and vitality. We found no association between OFr categories and energy and protein intake. Survival decreased linearly from Group 1 to Group 3. CONCLUSIONS OFr was common among older long-term care residents and OFr severity predicts poorer outcomes. The six oral signs denoting OFr may be used at the bedside to screen residents at risk for OFr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taija Puranen
- Social Services, Health Care and Rescue Services Division, Development Support, City of Helsinki, P.O. Box 6008, 00099, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kaija Hiltunen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja H Suominen
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karoliina Salminen
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Mäntylä
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna-Maria Roitto
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Social Services, Health Care and Rescue Services, Helsinki Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisu H Pitkälä
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta K T Saarela
- Social Services, Health Care and Rescue Services Division, Oral Health Care, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Putri GN, Mutu Manikam NR, Andayani DE, Trismiyanti, Halim L. Successful nutritional therapy at home for a patient with invasive breast carcinoma: A case report. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2023; 10:100250. [PMID: 38197045 PMCID: PMC10772168 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2023.100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent types of neoplasm in the world, amounting to 2.3 million cases in 2020. Physiological and metabolic changes in the body of a cancer patient potentially cause malnutrition and cachexia due to reduced appetite and side effects of treatments. Meanwhile, malnutrition can be prevented and treated through adequate nutritional therapy in the hospital coupled with follow-up nutritional treatments at home. The case presents a 46-year-old woman with invasive right breast cancer, which was treated with a mastectomy and split-thickness skin graft. The patient had severe malnutrition and cancer cachexia due to loss of appetite and untreated cancer for 3 years. Nutritional therapy was given in the hospital alongside customized therapy at home during visits. Nutrition significantly improved after three home visits within three weeks as indicated by her daily intake, increased weight, muscle mass, and handgrip strength. Home visits were proven to be useful for the maintenance of the nutritional status of patients with invasive cancer. It also provided long-term sustainable nutritional solutions customized according to the income and living situations of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Nurahmani Putri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Ratna Mutu Manikam
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diyah Eka Andayani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Trismiyanti
- Tangerang District General Hospital, Banten Province, Indonesia
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11
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Storz MA, Müller A, Niederreiter L, Zimmermann-Klemd AM, Suarez-Alvarez M, Kowarschik S, Strittmatter M, Schlachter E, Pasluosta C, Huber R, Hannibal L. A cross-sectional study of nutritional status in healthy, young, physically-active German omnivores, vegetarians and vegans reveals adequate vitamin B 12 status in supplemented vegans. Ann Med 2023; 55:2269969. [PMID: 37851870 PMCID: PMC10586079 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2269969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Plant-based diets reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease but also increase the risk of certain micronutrient deficiencies, particularly, of vitamin B12 (B12). The extent to which the unsupervised use of oral nutrient supplements is sufficient to prevent these deficiencies is not well established. We analyzed nutrient intake, laboratory biomarkers, supplementation behavior, and B12 status adequacy amongst young, healthy, physically active omnivores, lacto-ovo-vegetarians and vegans from Germany. METHODS We recruited 115 participants (n = 40 omnivores; n = 37 lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and n = 38 vegans) with comparable age, sex, marital status, physical activity and educational levels through online advertisements and local newspapers in Freiburg, Germany. RESULTS Energy intake and macronutrient distribution were comparable across diets. Major differences included intake of fiber, cholesterol, and several vitamins. Vegans had the lowest intake of B12 from foods (0.43 (0.58) µg/d), compared to omnivores (2.14 (2.29) µg/d) and lacto-ovo-vegetarians (0.98 (1.34) µg/day). Multivariate analysis of 36 blood biomarkers revealed that three major classes of biomarkers contributed the most to the clustering of individuals by dietary group, namely, biomarkers of B12 status (B12, holoTC, Hcy), iron (iron, ferritin, transferrin) and lipid metabolism (vitamin A, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, TAG). This suggests that nutrients that modify the metabolic pathways represented by these biomarkers have the most penetrating effect on health status across diets. Analysis of B12 status (including 4cB12) revealed adequacy in omnivores and vegans, and a poorer B12 status amongst lacto-ovo-vegetarians. Fewer lacto-ovo-vegetarians used B12 supplements compared to vegans (51% versus 90%). CONCLUSIONS Even amongst homogeneously healthy Germans, each diet manifested with measurable differences in dietary intakes and biomarkers of health. Plant-based diets, in particular the vegan diet, exhibited the most favorable patterns of lipid metabolism and glycemic control, but the lowest food intake of B12. Supplementation of healthy vegans with B12 (median 250 µg B12/day, over 2 years) secured an adequate B12 status that was comparable to that of healthy omnivores.Clinical Trial Registry: German Clinical Trial register number: DRKS00027425.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Andreas Storz
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Müller
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Niederreiter
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amy M. Zimmermann-Klemd
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Suarez-Alvarez
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, University of Freiburg, , Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kowarschik
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monique Strittmatter
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Schlachter
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristian Pasluosta
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, University of Freiburg, , Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Kabir MH, Rahman SA, Kamruzzaman M. General and abdominal obesity and dietary nutrient intake among university students in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study targeting potential risk factors. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:587-597. [PMID: 37739710 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The overall national increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity has emerged among university students in Bangladesh. Though, poor dietary habits and lifestyle is quite common among university students, their dietary nutrient intake level, obesity prevalence and potential risk factors has hitherto given little priority. This study aimed to understand the prevalence and factors associated with general and abdominal obesity and level of dietary nutrient intake among university students in Bangladesh. METHODS Data from 320 unselected tertiary level students (81.6% males, 18.4% females; average age 22.7±3.0, BMI 22.4±3.1 and waist-hip ratio (WHR) 0.88 ± 0.1) was collected randomly, in a single visit, from Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh. Basic demographic and anthropometric information were collected. Twenty-four hour (24H) dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect dietary nutrient level retrospectively. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, and binomial logistic regression analysis were done. RESULTS Around 3% and 42% student were reported to be obese and overweight respectively. Whereas abdominal obesity was prevalent among ∼52% and more than 67% of student were reportedly obese/overweight by either BMI or WHR or WHtR category. Energy and carbohydrate (CHO) intake were reported to be significantly higher (P < 0.05) among overweight who born by C-section delivery and were fed formula milk than those were normal weight and born by vaginal-birth and were breastfed. The overweight individual with a history of preterm birth was reported to intake significantly higher (P < 0.05) carbohydrates compared to normal-weight individuals with a history of term birth. While total fat intake was significantly higher (P < 0.05) among overweight individuals with their mother had gestational diabetes than those with normal weight individuals with mother without gestational diabetes. CONCLUSIONS General and abdominal obesity is common among university students and possibly associated with mode of birth, gestational duration, gestational diabetes, and breastfeeding practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Humayan Kabir
- Dept. of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Arafat Rahman
- Dept. of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamruzzaman
- Dept. of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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13
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Storz MA, Ronco AL. Dietary acid load decreases with age and is associated with sagittal abdominal diameter: a nationally representative quantification study in US adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:2191-2200. [PMID: 37516720 PMCID: PMC10519865 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary acid load (DAL) has been associated with frailty and hip fractures in older adults, who often have a reduced kidney function and thus compromised buffering capacities. Studies to quantify DAL in older adults are scarce and controversies persist as to whether DAL in- or decreases with age. AIM To enhance the understanding of DAL in older individuals, we examined its relationship with increasing age and selected anthropometric data in a well-characterized sample of US adults. METHODS Secondary data analysis of nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data (NHANES 2011-2016). The sample included n = 3018 adults aged 60+, which may be extrapolated to represent n = 45,113,471 Americans. DAL was estimated using 4 formulas, including Potential Renal Acid Load (PRAL) and Net Endogenous Acid Production (NEAP). RESULTS All employed DAL scores tended to decline with increasing age. Participants aged 80 years or older yielded the lowest DAL scores. The average US citizen aged 60+ consumed an acidifying diet, yet there were sex-specific differences in the adjusted means for some scores. NEAP was positively correlated with both body mass index (r = 0.26, p < 0.001) and the sagittal abdominal diameter (r = 0.31, p < 0.001) in this nationally representative sample. CONCLUSION The previously reported phenomenon of increasing DAL values in older people in non-Western countries may not apply to the US. Our findings may constitute an important step towards a better understanding of DAL in older US adults, and highlight the need for additional population-specific research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Andreas Storz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Complementary Medicine, Freiburg University Hospital Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Alvaro Luis Ronco
- Unit of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Pereira Rossell Women's Hospital, Montevideo, Uruguay
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14
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Nguyen HD. Higher intakes of nutrients and regular drinking are associated with habitual sleep duration in pre- and postmenopausal women with comorbidities. Sleep Health 2023; 9:688-697. [PMID: 37246065 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the association between nutrient intake, health-related behaviors, and habitual sleep duration in pre- and postmenopausal women. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS 2084 pre- and postmenopausal women aged 18-80 years old. MEASUREMENTS Nutrient intake and sleep duration were measured by a 24-hour recall approach and self-reports, respectively. We examined the association and interaction between comorbidities, nutrient intake, and sleep duration groups among 2084 women using data from KNHASES (2016-2018) and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS In premenopausal women, we observed negative associations between very short (<5 hours)/short (5-6 hours)/long (≥9 hours) sleep duration and 12 nutrients (vitamin B1, B3, vitamin C, PUFA, n-6 fatty acid, iron, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, fiber, carbohydrate) and a positive association between retinol and short sleep duration (prevalence ratio (PR), 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.15). In premenopausal women, interactions were found between comorbidities and PUFA (PR, 3.83; 95% CI, 1.56-9.41), n-3 fatty acid (PR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.17-5.05), n-6 fatty acid (PR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.46-8.13), fat (PR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.15-6.64), and retinol (PR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.06-1.53) for very short and short sleep duration, respectively. Interactions between comorbidities, vitamin C (PR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.24-0.72), and carbohydrates (PR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.05-2.70) for very short and short sleep duration in postmenopausal women, respectively. Regular drinking was positively associated with a risk of short sleep duration in postmenopausal women (PR, 2.74, 95% CI: 1.11-6.74). CONCLUSIONS Dietary intake and alcohol use were found to be involved in sleep duration, so healthcare staff should encourage women to maintain a healthy diet and reduce alcohol use to improve sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Duc Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Sunchon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Lee GO, Caulfield LE, Paredes-Olortegui M, Penataro-Yori P, Salas MS, Kosek MN. Nutrient intakes from complementary foods are associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers among undernourished Peruvian children. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e80. [PMID: 37528831 PMCID: PMC10388437 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Relatively little is known about how the diet of chronically undernourished children may impact cardiometabolic biomarkers. The objective of this exploratory study was to characterise relationships between dietary patterns and the cardiometabolic profile of 153 3-5-year-old Peruvian children with a high prevalence of chronic undernutrition. We collected monthly dietary recalls from children when they were 9-24 months old. At 3-5 years, additional dietary recalls were collected, and blood pressure, height, weight, subscapular skinfolds and fasting plasma glucose, insulin and lipid profiles were assessed. Nutrient intakes were expressed as average density per 100 kcals (i) from 9 to 24 months and (ii) at follow-up. The treelet transform and sparse reduced rank regress'ion (RRR) were used to summarize nutrient intake data. Linear regression models were then used to compare these factors to cardiometabolic outcomes and anthropometry. Linear regression models adjusting for subscapular skinfold-for-age Z-scores (SSFZ) were then used to test whether observed relationships were mediated by body composition. 26 % of children were stunted at 3-5 years old. Both treelet transform and sparse RRR-derived child dietary factors are related to protein intake and associated with total cholesterol and SSFZ. Associations between dietary factors and insulin were attenuated after adjusting for SSFZ, suggesting that body composition mediated these relationships. Dietary factors in early childhood, influenced by protein intake, are associated with cholesterol profiles, fasting glucose and body fat in a chronically undernourished population.
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Key Words
- Cardiometabolic biomarkers
- Complementary foods
- HAZ, height-for-age Z-score, based on the WHO reference standard
- HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HDLZ, sd of mean HDL-c, based on the distribution of the sample
- HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance
- INZ, sd of insulin, based on the distribution of the sample
- LDC-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- MAPZ, sd of mean arterial blood pressure, based on the distribution of the sample
- MFP, meat, fish or poultry
- Nutrient intake
- PCA, principal components analysis
- Peru
- RRR, reduced rank regression
- Stunting
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- TGZ, sd of triglycerides, based on the distribution of the sample
- WAZ, weight-for-age Z-score, based on the WHO reference standard
- WHZ, weight-for-height Z-score, based on the WHO reference standard
- vLDL-c, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenyth O. Lee
- Rutgers Global Health Institute and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Laura E. Caulfield
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Pablo Penataro-Yori
- University of Virginia Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Margaret N. Kosek
- University of Virginia Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Ilesanmi-Oyelere BL, Kruger MC. Associations between dietary patterns and an array of inflammation biomarkers and plasma lipid profile in postmenopausal women. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:256. [PMID: 37173732 PMCID: PMC10176721 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, evaluation of the association between four dietary patterns, nutrients and food intakes and an array of systemic inflammation biomarkers and lipid profile among 80 New Zealand postmenopausal women were conducted. MATERIALS Eighty postmenopausal women participated in the study. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to collect nutrients and food intake. Four dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis (PCA) and plasma samples collected for inflammatory biomarkers and lipid profile measures. RESULTS There were negative correlations between intake of dietary fibre, soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), vitamin C and niacin and with almost all the inflammatory markers for the whole group. Vegetables, tea/coffee and especially fruit intake were negatively correlated with the inflammatory biomarkers in the whole group. A high intake of Pattern 1 (potato, bread, and fruit pattern) was associated with a low risk of high interferon (IFN)-α2, IFN-λ, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 levels while a high intake of Pattern 3 (fast-food pattern) was associated high risk of IFN-α2 levels. Multiple linear regression showed a negative correlation between Pattern 2 (soups and vegetables pattern) and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) as well as ferritin. A positive association was observed between Pattern 3 (fast-food pattern) and CRP levels. Positive correlation was also observed between Pattern 2 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol (TC) levels, Pattern 4 (meat and vegetables pattern) was however negatively correlated with TC, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and TC/HDL ratio. CONCLUSIONS The result of this study reinforces the contribution and role of diet in modifying inflammation in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolaji L Ilesanmi-Oyelere
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
- Human Nutrition and Dietetics Department, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Marlena C Kruger
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Jung EM, Bunin GR, Ganguly A, Johnson RA, Spector LG. The association between maternal nutrient intake during pregnancy and the risk of sporadic unilateral retinoblastoma among offspring. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 85:102376. [PMID: 37167878 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have associated maternal diet during pregnancy with the development of sporadic unilateral retinoblastoma (RB), but few studies have focused on the role of individual nutrients. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between maternal nutrient intake during pregnancy and the development of sporadic unilateral RB in the offspring. A modified food frequency questionnaire, with additional questions on supplement use, was completed via a phone interview. Cases were recruited from hospitals and controls were comprised of friends and relatives of the patient without a history of cancer. Overall, 168 sporadic unilateral RB cases and 145 controls were included in case-control study. We performed logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for child's age, child's sex, parental race/ethnicity, maternal education, total calorie intake during pregnancy, maternal age at birth, maternal smoking during pregnancy, pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal weight gain during pregnancy, paternal age at birth, and maternal multivitamin use in the year before pregnancy. In the adjusted model, the interquartile (IQR) increase in vitamin A intake, which was measured in retinol activity equivalent (RAE; OR: 0.64, 95 % CI: 0.46-0.90), and vitamin D intake (OR: 0.62, 95 % CI: 0.42-0.91) significantly reduced the risk of sporadic unilateral RB. These findings suggest that a higher intake of vitamins A and D can be a protective factor for sporadic unilateral RB. Further analyses in consideration of multi-exposures such as parental occupational exposures are warranted to discover the complex etiology of sporadic unilateral RB. In addition, the role of nutritional epigenetics for how maternal nutrient intake influences the risk of sporadic unilateral RB in the offspring still needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Jung
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Greta R Bunin
- Division of Oncology, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arupa Ganguly
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Johnson
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Logan G Spector
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Benish, Choi JH. Bitter Taste Receptor TAS2R38 Genetic Variation (rs10246939), Dietary Nutrient Intake, and Bio-Clinical Parameters in Koreans. Clin Nutr Res 2023; 12:40-53. [PMID: 36793779 PMCID: PMC9900072 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2023.12.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential bitterness perception associated with genetic polymorphism in the bitter taste receptor gene taste 2 receptor member 38 (TAS2R38) may influence an individual's food preferences, nutrition consumption, and eventually chronic nutrition-related disorders including cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the effect of genetic variations on nutritional intake and clinical markers needs to be elaborated for health and disease prevention. In this study, we conducted sex-stratified analysis to examine the association between genetic variant TAS2R38 rs10246939 A > G with daily nutritional intake, blood pressure, and lipid parameters in Korean adults (males = 1,311 and females = 2,191). We used the data from the Multi Rural Communities Cohort, Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Findings suggested that the genetic variant TAS2R38 rs10246939 was associated with dietary intake of micronutrients including calcium (adjusted p = 0.007), phosphorous (adjusted p = 0.016), potassium (adjusted p = 0.022), vitamin C (adjusted p = 0.009), and vitamin E (adjusted p = 0.005) in females. However, this genetic variant did not influence blood glucose, lipid profile parameters, and other blood pressure markers. These may suggest that this genetic variation is associated with nutritional intake, but its clinical effect was not found. More studies are needed to explore whether TAS2R38 genotype may be a potential predictive marker for the risk of metabolic diseases via modulation of dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benish
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
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Agostini A, Centofanti SA, Colella A, Devine L, Dingle C, Galindo H, Pantelios S, Brkic G, Banks S, Dorrian J. The relationships between coping styles and food intake in shiftworking nurses and midwives: a pilot study. Ind Health 2022; 60:470-474. [PMID: 34789597 PMCID: PMC9539334 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2021-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Shiftworkers are more likely to suffer from gastrointestinal disease and Type 2 Diabetes than the general population, likely due to their altered dietary intakes. Previous research has suggested that coping strategies and health behaviours may be linked, however, questions remain regarding these relationships in shiftworking populations. The Standard Shiftwork Index and Food Frequency Questionnaire were completed by nurses/midwives working forward rotating shifts (N=27, female=24, age=38.4 ± 13.1 y). Greater engaged coping strategy usage was associated with lower total energy, fat, carbohydrate and sugar intake (ρs>-0.1). Greater disengaged coping strategy usage was associated with greater intake of these nutrients (ρs>0.1). Results suggest that engaged coping strategies may contribute to healthier dietary choices. A greater focus on coping styles, particularly during nursing education, may improve shiftworkers' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Agostini
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, University of South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Lisa Devine
- The Office of the Commissioner for Public Sector Employment, Government of South Australia, Australia
| | - Caroline Dingle
- The Office of the Commissioner for Public Sector Employment, Government of South Australia, Australia
| | - Helen Galindo
- The Office of the Commissioner for Public Sector Employment, Government of South Australia, Australia
| | - Sophie Pantelios
- The Office of the Commissioner for Public Sector Employment, Government of South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Siobhan Banks
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Jill Dorrian
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, University of South Australia, Australia
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20
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Angeles-Agdeppa I, Custodio MRS, Toledo MB. Breakfast in the Philippines: food and diet quality as analyzed from the 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey. Nutr J 2022; 21:52. [PMID: 35953807 PMCID: PMC9373515 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The quality of foods taken during breakfast could contribute in shaping diet quality. This study determined the regularity of breakfast consumption and breakfast quality based on the food, energy and nutrient intakes of Filipinos. Materials and methods Data from the 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey (ENNS) was extracted for analysis. There were 63,655 individuals comprising about 14,013 school-aged children (6–12 years old), 9,082 adolescents (13–18 years old), 32,255 adults (19–59 years old), and 8,305 elderly (60 years old and above). Two-day non-consecutive 24-h food recalls were used to measure food and nutrient intakes. Diet quality was measured using Nutrient-Rich Food Index (NRF) 9.3. The sample was stratified by age group and NRF9.3 tertiles. Results and findings Results showed that 96 – 98% Filipinos across age groups were consuming breakfast. Children age 6–12 years have the highest NRF9.3 average score (417), followed by the elderly (347), adolescents (340), and adults (330). These scores were very low in comparison with the maximum possible NRF score which is 900. The essential nutrient intakes of respondents were significantly higher among those with the healthiest breakfast diet (Tertile 3) compared to those with the poorest breakfast diet (Tertile 1). However, participants in the healthiest breakfast diet did not meet 20% of the recommendations for calcium, fiber, vitamin C, and potassium. Conclusion and recommendations This study revealed that majority of the population are regular breakfast consumers. However, the breakfast consumed regularly by Filipinos were found to be nutritionally inadequate. And even those classified under Tertile 3 which were assumed as having a better quality of breakfast were still found to have nutrient inadequacies. Thus, the study suggests that Filipinos must consume a healthy breakfast by including nutrient-dense foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fresh meat, and milk to provide at least 20–25% of the daily energy and nutrient intakes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-022-00804-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa
- Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Bicutan, Taguig, Philippines.
| | - Ma Rosel S Custodio
- Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Bicutan, Taguig, Philippines
| | - Marvin B Toledo
- Department of Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Bicutan, Taguig, Philippines
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21
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Karmous I, Doggui R, Sayed Khan A, Ben Amor N, Khan NA, Jamoussi H. Is fat taste associated with diet quality? A cross-sectional study conducted among Tunisian adults. Appetite 2022; 176:106138. [PMID: 35718309 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Tunisian population has experienced a nutrition transition with an increase in the incidence of obesity. As obesity has been associated with a poor orosensory detection of fat. We hypothesized that poor fat detection could be a driver of poor diet quality. This study examined the association between linoleic acid (LA) detection and adherence to a healthy diet among adult participants. A total of 104 LA taster participants were recruited for this study. Dietary assessment was conducted using the 24 h dietary recall method. Diet quality was assessed by determining the Mediterranean diet (MD) score and Health diet indicator (HDI). The relationship between diet quality and log LA detection threshold was done using adjusted linear regression for age, sex, and daily energy intake (only in the fully adjusted model). The predictive margins model (interaction: anthropometric status x LA threshold) was used to assess the difference between non-obese and subjects with obesity adherence to MD across LA detection values. We have observed that the increase in the concentration of linoleic acid detection by 1 log(mmol/L) is associated with an increase of HDI score by 0.12-point [95% CI: 0.02-0.21] and a decrease of the MD score by -0.14-point [-0.25 to -0.03] in the partially adjusted model. However, only the MD score remained negatively associated with LA detection threshold in the fully adjusted model. The subjects with obesity adherence to the Mediterranean diet was lower than subjects with normal weight for LA concentration less than 0 log(mmol/L). The present study suggests that poor orosensory detection of dietary lipids might be a driver for worsening diet quality. Hence, These subjects might be at risk for obesity and, consequently, exposed cumulatively to the harmful effects of excess adiposity and an unhealthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inchirah Karmous
- Obesity: Etiopathogenesis, Pathophysiology and Treatment Research Unit (UR18ES01), National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, 11 Rue Jebel Lakhdar 1007, BebSaadoun, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia; Centre de Recherche Inserm, U1231 INSERM/UB/AgroSup, Team-Physiologie de La Nutrition & Toxicologie, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Faculté des Sciences de La Vie, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Radhouene Doggui
- Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau - Brunswick, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada.
| | - Amira Sayed Khan
- Centre de Recherche Inserm, U1231 INSERM/UB/AgroSup, Team-Physiologie de La Nutrition & Toxicologie, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Faculté des Sciences de La Vie, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Nadia Ben Amor
- Obesity: Etiopathogenesis, Pathophysiology and Treatment Research Unit (UR18ES01), National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, 11 Rue Jebel Lakhdar 1007, BebSaadoun, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- Centre de Recherche Inserm, U1231 INSERM/UB/AgroSup, Team-Physiologie de La Nutrition & Toxicologie, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Faculté des Sciences de La Vie, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Henda Jamoussi
- Obesity: Etiopathogenesis, Pathophysiology and Treatment Research Unit (UR18ES01), National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, 11 Rue Jebel Lakhdar 1007, BebSaadoun, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
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22
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Storz MA, Ronco AL. Quantifying dietary acid load in U.S. cancer survivors: an exploratory study using NHANES data. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:43. [PMID: 35505426 PMCID: PMC9063047 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diet is an important determinant of systemic pH and acid–base regulation. A frequent consumption of acid-inducing foods (including processed meats and cheese) combined with a low intake of base-inducing foods (such as fruits, legumes and vegetables) increases Dietary Acid Load (DAL), which has been associated with an increased risk for certain cancers. DAL also appears to be of paramount importance in cancer survivors, in whom it was associated with increased mortality and poor overall physical health. Literature on DAL in cancer survivors, however, is scarce and limited to a few studies. Methods Using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), we sought to quantify DAL in U.S. cancer survivors and contrasted the results to the general population. DAL was estimated using established formulas (Potential Renal Acid Load (PRAL) and Net Endogenous Acid Production (NEAP)). Results Our study comprised 19,413 participants, of which 1444 were self-reported cancer survivors. Almost 63% of cancer survivors were female (weighted proportion) with a mean age of 61.75 (0.51) years. DAL scores were consistently higher in cancer survivors (as compared to the general population) after adjustment for confounders in multivariate regression models. These differences, however, were not statistically significant (p = 0.506 for NEAPF, 0.768 for PRALR and 0.468 for NEAPR, respectively). Notably, DAL scores were positive throughout (> 0 mEq/d) in cancer survivors, suggesting an acidifying diet. Specific examples include mean PRALR scores > 11 mEq/d in cancer survivors aged 55 years and mean NEAPF scores > 50 mEq/d in cancer survivors aged 40–60 years). Conclusions The acidifying diet in this sample of cancer survivors warrants caution and requires further investigation. Comparably high DAL scores have been associated with adverse health outcomes and an increased mortality in previous studies in breast cancer survivors. Thus, increased awareness as well as additional clinical trials in this field are urgently warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Andreas Storz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Complementary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Alvaro Luis Ronco
- Unit of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Pereira Rossell Women's Hospital, Bvard. Artigas 1590, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.,School of Medicine, CLAEH University, Prado and Salt Lake, 20100, Maldonado, Uruguay.,Biomedical Sciences Center, University of Montevideo, Puntas de Santiago 1604, 11500, Montevideo, Uruguay
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23
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Lin HI, Chen HM, Hsu CC, Lin HJ, Wang JJ, Weng SF, Kao Y, Huang CC. Associations between dietary patterns and stages of chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:115. [PMID: 35317735 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have revealed that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have dietary patterns different from those of the general population. However, no studies have compared the dietary patterns of between patients with early-stages (stages 1-3a) and late-stages (stages 3b-5) of CKD. Our objective was to investigate the associations between dietary patterns in early and late-stage CKD. METHODS We analyzed 4480 participants with CKD at various stages based on the data recorded between 2007 and 2016 from the database of the American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. RESULTS In total, 3683 and 797 participants had early and late-stage CKD, respectively. Through principal components analysis, the dietary intake dimension was reduced from 63 variables to 3 dietary patterns. We adopted logistic regression for analysis. The three dietary patterns are as follows: (1) saturated fatty acids and mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA); (2) vitamins and minerals; and (3) cholesterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). These 3 patterns explained > 50% of dietary nutrient intake. Results indicated that among participants with dietary patterns 2 (vitamins and minerals) and 3 (cholesterols and PUFA), those with low intakes were more likely to have late-stage CKD. The odds ratios for patterns 2 and 3 were 1.74 (95% CI: 1.21-2.50) and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.13-2.43), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that intakes of vitamins and minerals and cholesterols and PUFA were associated with the stages of CKD.
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Chen S, Holyoak M, Liu H, Bao H, Ma Y, Dou H, Jiang G. Effects of spatially heterogeneous warming on gut microbiota, nutrition and gene flow of a heat-sensitive ungulate population. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150537. [PMID: 34844317 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effects of climate warming on trophic cascades are increasingly reported for large herbivores occupying northern latitudes. During the last 40 years, moose (Alces alces) in northeast China have lost nearly half of their historical distribution through their habitat shifting northwards. There are many possible causes of bottom-up and top-down effects of temperature and for moose in northeast China they are poorly understood. Of particular relevance are the effects of extrinsic environmental factors on gene flow, nutritional adaptions, and gut microbiota that occur as moose populations retreat northwards. We combined molecular biology, nutritional ecology and metagenomics to gain deeper mechanistic insights into the effects of temperature on moose populations. In this study, we revealed that the direction and intensity of gene flow is consistent with global warming driving retreats of moose populations. We interpret this as evidence for the northward movement of moose populations, with cooler northern populations receiving more immigrants and warmer southern populations supplying emigrants. Comparison across latitudes showed that warmer late spring temperatures were associated with plant community composition and facilitated related changes in moose protein and carbohydrate intake through altering forage availability, forage quality and diet composition. Furthermore, these nutrient shifts were accompanied by changes in gut microbial composition and functional pathways related to nutrient metabolism. This study provided insights into mechanisms driving effects of spatial heterogeneous warming on genetic, nutritional and physiological adaptions related to key demographic rates and patterns of survival of heat-sensitive ungulates along a latitude gradient. Understanding such changes helps to identify key habitat areas and plant species to ensure accurate assessment of population status and targeted management of moose populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Marcel Holyoak
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Heng Bao
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yingjie Ma
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1-5 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongliang Dou
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Guangshun Jiang
- Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Hazley D, McCarthy SN, Stack M, Walton J, McNulty BA, Flynn A, Kearney JM. Food neophobia and its relationship with dietary variety and quality in Irish adults: Findings from a national cross-sectional study. Appetite 2021; 169:105859. [PMID: 34910985 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Food neophobia is characterised by a reluctance to eat novel or unfamiliar foods and has been linked to reduced dietary variety and quality. However, this link has been primarily studied in children. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between food neophobia and dietary variety and quality in adults using a sub-sample of the National Adults Nutrition Survey collected between 2008 and 2010 (n = 1088). Food and nutrient intakes were assessed using a 4-day semi-weighed food diary. Food neophobia was measured using the Food Neophobia Scale (FNS). Dietary variety was assessed in three ways; Total Dietary Variety (TDV), Food-Group Variety (FGV) and Fruit and Vegetable Variety (FVV). Diet quality was assessed using the Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) and Nutrient-Rich Food Index (NRF9.3). A multivariate general linear model was used to assess the linear relationships between FNS score and all dietary measures, controlling for age, sex, education level, social class, location and BMI. Food neophobia was found to be inversely associated with TDV, FGV and FVV. In addition, food neophobia was negatively associated with vitamin C, magnesium and fruit and vegetable intakes and positively associated with percentage energy from free sugars. However, food neophobia was not significantly associated with all other nutrients, MAR and NRF9.3. While these results suggest food neophobia may not be a particularly important risk factor for poor nutrient status, adherence to certain dietary recommendations remains low within the Irish population and food neophobia may further inhibit the adaption of healthy and sustainable diets. Future research should seek to understand the implications of food neophobia on dietary behaviour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hazley
- School of Biological & Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | - Mairead Stack
- School of Biological & Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Janette Walton
- Department of Biological Science, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Breige A McNulty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - John M Kearney
- School of Biological & Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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İnanç N, Fırat YY, Başmısırlı E, Çapar AG. Nutrient Intake of Crohn's Patients: Is There Consistency between Crohn's Disease Activity Index, Subjective Global Assessment and Body Mass Index? Iran J Public Health 2021; 50:2584-2592. [PMID: 36317031 PMCID: PMC9577156 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i12.7942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to determine the nutrient intake of Crohn's patients and to expose its relationship with Crohn's Activity Index (CDAI), Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and Body Mass Index (BMI). METHODS This randomized controlled trial was conducted on patients enrolled in the Gastroenterology Polyclinic of a University Medical Faculty Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey in 2017. Two groups were included in this study: Crohn's Group (n = 100) and Control (n = 89). Crohn's Disease Activity Index was used to detect disease activity. Malnutrition risk was determined by the SGA and daily energy and nutrient intakes were calculated. RESULTS There was a significant relationship between SGA and both CDAI and BMI (P<0.001, P=0.008, respectively). Daily energy, carbohydrate, monosaccharide, starch, sucrose, fructose, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, fiber, vitamin E and C, thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine, Mg, P, Fe, Cu, Zn intakes were significantly lower in Crohn's Group than in Control Group. While more than 50% of the patients did not consume enough, B6, C, thiamine, niacin, folic acid, Mg, Ca and fiber, intakes of vitamin E, riboflavin, Fe, P, and Zn were adequate. Energy and nutrient (vitamin E, thiamine, vitamin B6, mono and poly unsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, Mg, Ca, P, Zn, n-3 fatty acids and starch) intakes were negatively correlated with CDAI, but there was no relationship between these intakes and SGA. CONCLUSION There was a relationship between CDAI, SGD and BMI used to determine nutritional status in patients with Crohn's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neriman İnanç
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, 38170, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Yaşar Fırat
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Eda Başmısırlı
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, 38170, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aslı Gizem Çapar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, 38170, Kayseri, Turkey
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Thamaga MW, Mokoboki HK, Sebola NA, Ravhuhali KE. Apparent digestibility and nutritional composition of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) leaf meal incorporated in the diets of Black Australorp and Potchefstroom Koekoek chicken breeds. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:458. [PMID: 34542706 PMCID: PMC8452586 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02922-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the apparent digestibility and nutrient composition of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (LLM) inclusion in Black Australorp and Potchefstroom Koekoek diets. Tender and mature leaves were separately harvested from 10 individual trees and stored separately for chemical analyses. The leaves were air-dried in a well-ventilated laboratory to constant weight and milled to pass through a 1-mm sieve. A mixture of tender and mature leaves was also collected to produce a bulk leaf meal. The four iso-nitrogenous dietary treatments were 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% of LLM, respectively. The apparent digestibility of two chicken breeds was also evaluated. The dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), ether extract (EE), cellulose and hemicellulose of the samples did not differ between tender and mature leaves. Tender leaves had higher (P < 0.05) calcium, potassium, magnesium and sodium concentration than mature leaves. Crude protein and mimosine content were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in tender than in mature leaves. The inclusion levels of L. leucocephala leaf meal affect (P < 0.05) acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and crude protein (CP) digestibility. Crude protein digestibility decreases as the inclusion levels of L. leucocephala increase. Both tender and mature L. leucocephala leaves have a potential nutritional value that can be used in feedstuff and can be used as a protein supplement for Black Australorp and Potchefstroom Koekoek chicken breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marupine Windy Thamaga
- Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, Land and Environmental Affairs, Private Bag x3001, Mbibane, Dr JS Moroka Municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. .,Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
| | - Hilda Kwena Mokoboki
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.,Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola
- School of Agriculture and Life Science, Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort, 1710, South Africa
| | - Khuliso Emmanuel Ravhuhali
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.,Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
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Mudryj AN, Waugh AK, Slater JJ, Duerksen DR, Bernstein CN, Riediger ND. Nutritional implications of dietary gluten avoidance among Canadians: results from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:738-46. [PMID: 33172514 DOI: 10.1017/S000711452000450X] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only available treatment for gluten-related disorders, although a GFD may also be followed for discretionary reasons. The main objectives of the present study were to (1) describe and test for differences in key nutrient intakes among Canadians who follow a GFD compared with Canadians with no dietary exclusions and (2) describe additional dietary avoidances adhered to by Canadians who avoid gluten. We conducted a secondary analysis of the cross-sectional 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition Survey, which included a general health survey and 24-h dietary recall (n 20 487). Participants were categorised as those who avoid dietary gluten and those who reported no avoidances. Key nutrient intakes were assessed, as a percentage of Dietary Recommended Intakes, including fibre, B vitamins, vitamin D, Ca, Fe, Na and Zn, and compared between the two groups using t tests. Canadians who avoided gluten had significantly lower intakes of folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, Fe, Na and Ca compared with those who did not avoid any food groups. However, Canadians who reported following a GFD were significantly more likely to use vitamin or mineral supplements in the past 30 d. More than 20 % of those who avoided gluten also avoided dairy products. Findings suggest that following a GFD places Canadians at risk for nutrient inadequacies, particularly folate, Ca and vitamin D. Further research is required to further examine how multiple dietary avoidances among those who avoid gluten may contribute to dietary inadequacies.
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Chen J, Wang N, Yuan Y, Zhang W, Xia F, Chen B, Dong R, Lu Y. Blood lead, nutrient intake, and renal function among type 2 diabetic patients. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:49063-49073. [PMID: 33939087 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure has been reported to have nephrotoxicity. However, such an effect has not been well investigated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, especially when taking into account the nutrition status of the patients. Therefore, we explore the association between blood lead levels (BLLs), dietary intake of nutrients, and impaired renal function among patients with T2D. We measured BLLs and biochemical parameters of renal injury in 780 patients. Dietary nutrients intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire in 420 of 780 participants. We found high BLLs were significantly associated with certain parameters of renal injury, and dietary intake of specific nutrients (mainly micronutrients) was associated with reduced BLLs at high percentile distribution of concentration. BLLs were also found to have moderation effects on the association between specific dietary nutrients and specific renal function parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingSi Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - NingJian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yaqun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - FangZhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - RuiHua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - YingLi Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Shim JS, Shim SY, Cha HJ, Kim J, Kim HC. Association between Ultra-processed Food Consumption and Dietary Intake and Diet Quality in Korean Adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 122:583-594. [PMID: 34463621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food environments have changed rapidly, and the global interest in ultra-processed foods has increased. Ultra-processed foods are typically energy dense, high in sugars and fat, and low in fiber, protein, minerals, and vitamins. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate the energy contribution of ultra-processed foods in the diet of Korean adults and to examine the association between ultra-processed food consumption and dietary intake and diet quality. DESIGN This study is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018). PARTICIPANTS/SETTINGS A total of 16,657 adults aged ≥19 years who completed a 1-day 24-hour recall. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Absolute and relative intake of energy and nutrients were measured and dietary quality was assessed using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Multiple regression models adjusted for sociodemographic variables were used to examine the association between quintiles of ultra-processed foods dietary energy contribution and dietary intake and quality. RESULTS Mean reported daily energy intake was 2,031 kcal, with 25.1% of calories coming from ultra-processed foods. Mean energy contribution from ultra-processed foods ranged from 3.6% kcal (Q1) to 52.4% kcal (Q5). Energy contribution of ultra-processed foods was positively associated with reported intake of daily energy, total sugars, and total and saturated fat and inversely associated with reported intake of carbohydrates, fiber, minerals, and vitamins. Both sodium and potassium were negatively associated with percentage of energy from ultra-processed foods. However, the sodium-to-potassium ratio was high regardless of quintile of energy contribution from ultra-processed foods, and the ratio was positively associated with percentage of total energy from ultra-processed foods. Although the KHEI score was inversely associated with percentage of daily energy from ultra-processed foods, all levels of ultra-processed food consumption were associated with poor diet quality. CONCLUSIONS The ultra-processed foods consumption of Korean adults accounted for one fourth of daily energy intake, and a higher dietary energy contribution from ultra-processed foods was associated with poorer dietary intakes and a lower dietary quality. Further studies are needed to understand factors influencing selection and consumption of ultra-processed foods and to identify effective strategies to promote healthy food choices.
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Telleria-Aramburu N, Bermúdez-Marín N, Rocandio AM, Telletxea S, Basabe N, Rebato E, Arroyo-Izaga M. Nutritional quality and carbon footprint of university students' diets: results from the EHU12/24 study. Public Health Nutr 2021;:1-13. [PMID: 34155963 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980021002640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate diets in terms of nutritional characteristics and quality from the perspectives of health, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and possible associations with each other in a representative sample of students at a public university. Design: Cross-sectional. Dietary intake was evaluated with a validated FFQ, and diet quality was assessed through the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) and MedDietScore (MDS). GHGE data were obtained from the literature. In addition, sex, socio-economic status (SES) and body fat (BF) status were analysed as covariates. Setting: Basque Autonomous Community, Spain. Participants: Totally, 26 165 healthy adults aged 18–28 years. Results: Student diets were characterised by low consumption of carbohydrates (38·72 % of total energy intake (TEI)) and a high intake of lipids (39·08 % of TEI). Over half of the participants had low dietary quality. The low-emitting diets were more likely to be consumed by subjects with low HEI-2010 scores (β: 0·039 kg eCO2/1000 kcal/d) and high MDS scores (β: −0·023 kg eCO2/1000 kcal/d), after controlling for sex, SES and BF status. Both the low-emitting and healthy diets were more likely to be consumed by women and by those with normal BF percentage. Conclusions: UPV/EHU university students’ diets were characterised by moderate quality from a nutritional perspective and moderate variation in the size of carbon footprints. In this population, diets of the highest quality were not always those with the lowest diet-related GHGE; this relationship depended in part on the constructs and scoring criteria of diet quality indices used.
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Marushka L, Batal M, Tikhonov C, Sadik T, Schwartz H, Ing A, Fediuk K, Chan HM. Importance of fish for food and nutrition security among First Nations in Canada. Can J Public Health 2021; 112:64-80. [PMID: 34181225 PMCID: PMC8239089 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-021-00481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships between fish/seafood consumption patterns and food security status among First Nations (FN) communities in Canada. We estimated the contribution of fish/seafood to daily nutrient requirements. Barriers to traditional food (TF) access including fish were summarized. METHODS Data were collected by the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008-2018). The sample of this participatory study comprised 6258 randomly selected FN adults. Fish/seafood consumption was estimated with a food frequency questionnaire. Food security status was assessed with the Household Food Security Survey Module. The contribution of fish/seafood to protein, n-3 fatty acid, vitamin (A, B12, D, niacin) and mineral (selenium, zinc) requirements was assessed by comparison to Dietary Reference Intakes. RESULTS Regional differences were observed in fish/seafood consumption patterns and their relationship with food security status. In the eastern regions (Ontario, Quebec/Labrador and the Atlantic region), consumption of fish/seafood and other TF was significantly higher among food insecure compared with food secure FN participants. Severely food insecure men (particularly in British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec/Labrador and the Atlantic region) tended to eat a higher amount of TF, including fish/seafood, compared with food secure and moderately food insecure men, while no difference was observed in women. Fish/seafood provided good sources of selected nutrients. However, the high cost of harvesting equipment, industry-related activities and climate change reduce access to fish/seafood and other wildlife. CONCLUSION Fish/seafood continues to be vital to the diet of FN communities. Focusing on policies that support FN increased access to fish/seafood has the potential to decrease food insecurity and support sustainable livelihoods. Future policies should focus on socio-economic determinants of food insecurity and support traditional harvesting and sustainable fisheries among FN communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesya Marushka
- First Nations and Inuit Health Branch, Indigenous Services Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Malek Batal
- Département de nutrition, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Liliane de Stewart, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3T 1A8, Canada
- Centre de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal et du CIUSS du Centre-sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (CReSP), 7101 Avenue du Parc, Montréal, QC, H3N 1X7, Canada
| | - Constantine Tikhonov
- First Nations and Inuit Health Branch, Indigenous Services Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tonio Sadik
- Assembly of First Nations, 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 1600, Ottawa, ON, K1P 6L5, Canada
| | - Harold Schwartz
- First Nations and Inuit Health Branch, Indigenous Services Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Amy Ing
- Département de nutrition, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Liliane de Stewart, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3T 1A8, Canada
| | - Karen Fediuk
- First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Salminen K, Willman M, Kautiainen H, Pitkälä K, Roitto HM, Suominen M. Temporal trends in nutrition intake among older long-term care residents. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:3793-3797. [PMID: 34134002 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The temporal trends in protein and other nutrient intakes among older long-term care residents have not been studied. The aim of this study was to explore the changes in energy, protein, and other nutrient intakes between 2007 and 2017-8 in two cross-sectional samples of older long-term care residents in the Helsinki metropolitan area. We also studied how the residents' disability and stage of cognition modified the association between observation year and protein intake (g/body weight kg). METHODS Two cross-sectional samples were collected in 2007 (n = 350) and 2017-8 (n = 476) in long-term care settings. Residents' nutrient intake was determined by a one- or two-day food record. Residents' disability was determined by the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) "personal care" question and stage of cognition was determined by the CDR "memory" item. RESULTS There was no significant difference in energy intake between the observation years. Carbohydrates, total protein, and protein (g/body weight kg) intakes were significantly lower in 2017-8 than in 2007. Fat intake was higher in 2017-8 than in 2007. In 2017-8, the intake of some vitamins and minerals was lower (thiamine, calcium) but some higher (vitamins A, D, C, E) compared to 2007. Residents' disability (p = 0.049) and observation year (p = 0.037) were significantly associated with protein intake (g/body weight kg), but the interaction was not significant (p = 0.35). Furthermore, residents' stage of cognition was not associated with protein intake (p = 0.22) but observation year was (p < 0.001). The interaction was not significant (p = 0.30). CONCLUSIONS Whereas the energy intake remained at the same level in the observation years, the ratio of macronutrient intake changed in an unfavorable way. The intake of protein and some vitamins were lower whereas the relative proportion of fat was higher in 2017-8 compared to 2007. As long-term care residents become more disabled in the future, more attention should be paid to diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoliina Salminen
- University of Helsinki, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Helsinki, Finland, POB 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Vantaa Social Welfare and Health Care, Kielotie 11 A, 01300 Vantaa, Finland.
| | - Mirjami Willman
- University of Helsinki, Department of Food and Nutrition, Agnes Sjöbergin Katu 2 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- University of Helsinki, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Helsinki, Finland, POB 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisu Pitkälä
- University of Helsinki, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Helsinki, Finland, POB 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Hospital, Unit of Primary Health Care, Tukholmankatu 8 B, Biomedicum 2 B, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna-Maria Roitto
- University of Helsinki, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Helsinki, Finland, POB 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Social Services and Health Care, Geriatric Clinic, Helsinki Hospital, Lääkärinkatu 8, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja Suominen
- University of Helsinki, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Helsinki, Finland, POB 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Liu C, Eriksson T, Yi F. Offspring migration and nutritional status of left-behind older adults in rural China. Econ Hum Biol 2021; 41:100996. [PMID: 33740754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2021.100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in nutritional status is a principal pathway to good health. This study examines the effect of migration of adult children on the nutrient intake of left-behind older adults in rural China. We use data from four waves (2004-2011) of the China Health and Nutrition Survey and utilize individual fixed effects methods to panel data. Results show that the migration of offspring is associated with significantly higher nutritional status of their left-behind parents, especially higher intake of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins B1-B3, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, selenium, and copper. The intake of some of these nutrients is below recommended levels. The magnitude of the estimated effects vary between 4% and 24 %. Older adults who live with their grandchildren in rural households or have a low income benefit more from having adult child migrants in the household. The improvement of nutrition outcomes of left-behind older adults is mainly due to increased consumption of cereals, meat, eggs, and fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Tor Eriksson
- Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs Allé 4, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark; School of Economics, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, China
| | - Fujin Yi
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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Kweon S, Park JY, Park M, Kim Y, Yeon SY, Yoon L, Yun S, Park S, Yang JE, Kim Y, Park O, Oh K. Trends in food and nutrient intake over 20 years: findings from the 1998-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Epidemiol Health 2021; 43:e2021027. [PMID: 33872482 PMCID: PMC8289469 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2021027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the current status and trends of food and nutrient intake in the Korean population over the past 20 years using the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). METHODS We conducted a survey of 116,284 subjects over the age of one year in Korea, who participated in the KNHANES between 1998 and 2018. We collected data on the subjects’ intake for the day before using the 24-hour recall method. The annual percent change (APC) in the food groups and nutrient intake were calculated using SAS and Joinpoint software. RESULTS The intake of grains (APC=-0.4, p<0.05) and vegetables (APC=-0.8, p<0.05) was observed to decrease. In contrast, the intake of beverages, meat, dairy, and eggs increased. In particular, beverage intake increased by more than four times (APC=9.2, p<0.05). There was no significant change in energy intake. However, the proportion of energy intake from carbohydrates decreased by approximately 5%p (APC=-0.3, p<0.05), whereas that from fat increased by approximately 5%p (APC=1.1, p<0.05). Additionally, there were decreases in the proportion of energy intake from breakfast and homemade meals and increases in the energy intake from snacks, dining out, and convenience food. The intake of vitamin C (APC=-3.2, p<0.05) and sodium (APC=-2.3, p<0.05) significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS Over the past 20 years, there has been decreases in the intake of grains, vegetables, carbohydrates, sodium, and vitamin C and increases in the intake of beverages, dairy, meat, eggs, and fat. Since nutritional status is an important factor in the prevention and management of chronic diseases, it should be continuously monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghui Kweon
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin Young Park
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Myungsook Park
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yangha Kim
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - So Yeong Yeon
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Leena Yoon
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sungha Yun
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Suyeon Park
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Yang
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Youngtaek Kim
- Public Health Medical Service Office, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ok Park
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyungwon Oh
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
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Kugimiya Y, Motokawa K, Yamamoto K, Hayakawa M, Mikami Y, Iwasaki M, Ohara Y, Shirobe M, Edahiro A, Watanabe Y, Obuchi S, Kawai H, Kera T, Fujiwara Y, Ihara K, Kim H, Hirano H. [Relationship between the rate of a decreased oral function and the nutrient intake in community-dwelling older persons: An examination using oral function-related items in a questionnaire for latter-stage elderly people]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2021; 58:91-100. [PMID: 33627567 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.58.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the rate of a decreased oral function using questions from the Kihon checklist corresponding to the Questionnaire for Latter-stage Elderly People and to clarify nutrient intake in older persons. METHODS This study targeted 511 older people (217 men, 294 women, average age 73.1±5.6 years old). Their oral function was evaluated using questions on the masticatory function and swallowing function from the Kihon checklist, corresponding to questions on the oral function in the Questionnaire for Latter-stage Elderly People. Participants who had at least one symptom measured were defined as the applicable group (AG). In addition, to evaluate the nutrient intake of the participants, interviews were conducted using the Food Frequency Questionnaire Based on Food Groups. RESULTS The rate of inclusion in the AG was 32.9% for the total sample, 28.2% for early-stage elderly people, and 40.1% for latter-stage elderly people. The AG rates did not differ significantly between men and women. For latter-stage elderly people, the protein-energy ratio and intakes of total energy, protein, pantothenic acid, folic acid, vitamin B6, niacin, vitamin K, copper, zinc, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and total dietary fiber were significantly lower in the AG than in the non-AG. CONCLUSION The evaluation of placement in the AG through questions on the oral function from the Kihon checklist corresponding to the Questionnaire for Latter-stage Elderly People demonstrated that the rate of a decreased oral function was higher in latter-stage elderly people than in early-stage elderly people. In addition, the latter-stage elderly people in the AG had a lower nutrient intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kugimiya
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Keiko Motokawa
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Kaori Yamamoto
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology.,Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University
| | - Misato Hayakawa
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Yurie Mikami
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Masanori Iwasaki
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Yuki Ohara
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Maki Shirobe
- The Tokyo Metropolitan Support Center for Preventative Long-term and Frail Elderly Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Ayako Edahiro
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Yutaka Watanabe
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology.,Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Hisashi Kawai
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Takeshi Kera
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology.,Faculty of Health Care, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Kazushige Ihara
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine
| | - Hunkyung Kim
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Hirohiko Hirano
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
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Kim S, Kim J, Chang H. Do types of snacks, sleep hours, and eating places affect nutritional intakes and its adequacy in adolescents? Nutr Res Pract 2021; 15:396-410. [PMID: 34093979 PMCID: PMC8155224 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.3.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES High-quality meal intake, including snacks, is necessary for optimal development during adolescence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional intake of adolescents and the quality of their diet according to snack type, eating location, and sleep hours. SUBJECTS/METHODS A survey of middle school students living in Seoul and Gyeonggi province was conducted using questionnaires and the 24-h recall method to collect data on the 1-day dietary intake of the students from March to May, 2018. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and the CAN program. RESULTS The average nutritional intake status among the respondents showed that the energy intake was lower than the recommended, showing 1,914.8 kcal for middle school boys and 1,752.7 kcal for girls. In terms of the nutritional intake status by gender, only the consumption of protein and niacin were significantly higher in boys than girls (P < 0.05). According to the sleep amounts, vitamin C intake was significantly higher in the sleep-deprived group than in the sleep-moderate or sleep-recommended group (P < 0.05), but the intake did not meet the recommendation in any group. The lower density nutrients found in the index of nutritional quality according to eating places were vitamin C, calcium, iron, and folic acid. School meals showed a higher nutritional density in protein, vitamin B1, and niacin compared to convenience store meals (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that sleep amount, and eating place affected the dietary quality of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Kim
- Major of Nutrition Education, Graduate School of Education, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Korea
| | - Jeonglee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Hyeja Chang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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Botelho RBA, Ginani VC, Cupertino AP. Health Conditions and Dietary Intake Among Brazilian Immigrants in the United States of America. J Immigr Minor Health 2021. [PMID: 33486659 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Immigration can improve economic status and access to education compared to the country of origin, but it challenges access to health and preventive care. Assess Brazilian immigrants' overall health conditions and dietary intake in New Jersey (US). This pilot study assessed health conditions and dietary intake. Brazilians immigrants were interviewed through their communities. Trained dietitians interviewed them using a questionnaire and three days of 24H recall. Dietary intake was analyzed using the Nutrition Data System for Research software. A sample of 118 individuals completed the protocol, majority female and overweight/obese, living in the US for 11.3 years with 21.1% declaring having Noncommunicable Diseases. The average number of daily meals was 2.20 ± 1.04. Energy intake does not correlate with time in the US. Obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension are the most prevalent Noncommunicable Diseases, demanding interventions that include managing saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium intake.
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James-Martin G, Baird DL, Hendrie GA. Strategies to Reduce Consumption of Unhealthy Foods and Beverages: Scenario Modeling to Estimate the Impact on the Australian Population's Energy and Nutrient Intakes. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:1463-1483. [PMID: 33495107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overconsumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor "discretionary" foods and beverages can indicate poor diet quality, which is a risk factor for obesity and chronic disease. With 60% of Australians exceeding the recommended intake of discretionary foods, there is a need for interventions to reduce their consumption. OBJECTIVE The objective was to model the impact of 26 specific scenarios to limit discretionary food intake on energy and nutrient intake. DESIGN The scenario modeling analysis was based on reduction strategies targeting portion size, frequency, or variety of discretionary food and beverage items consumed. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Data from 12,153 respondents aged 2 to 85 years from the 2011-12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were used. OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome measures were change in servings of discretionary foods and key nutrients (energy, total fat, saturated fat, sugar, alcohol, sodium, trans fat) for the population, and by sex, age group, weight status, and socioeconomic status. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were conducted. RESULTS Scenarios reduced total energy intake by up to 26% across the population as a whole. The removal of discretionary foods (not beverages) resulted in the greatest reduction in servings and energy (74.8% and 25.6%, respectively), followed by the removal of discretionary items in portions greater than 143 kcal (59.1% and 24.3%) and not consuming discretionary items at main meals (51.2% and 17.8%). Targeting single categories of discretionary foods reduced energy intake by an average of 5.6% for the removal of cakes and biscuits, 4.4% for alcohol, and 3.9% for sugar-sweetened beverages. Strategies reduced total fat, saturated fat, and sugar by up to 35%, 38%, and 40% respectively. CONCLUSIONS Strategies that are specific to discretionary food and beverage intake targeting reductions in portion size, frequency, or variety have the potential to reduce energy intake and improve diet quality. These findings have implications for designing interventions with potential to tailor messages to current dietary habits. Exploration of how these strategies could be effectively implemented will be the focus of further research.
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Mizuno Y, Konishi S, Goto C, Yoshinaga J, Hidaka M, Imai H. Association between nutrient intake and telomere length in Japanese female university students. Biomarkers 2021; 26:138-145. [PMID: 33393836 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1871409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Telomere length can be a biomarker of cumulative oxidative stress and inflammation indicating biological aging. Previous studies examined association of nutrient intake with telomere length targeting middle-aged and elderly individuals. This study examined whether dietary macro- and micronutrient intake was associated with telomere length in young females. METHODS Seventy-four Japanese young females (median (interquartile range) age was 19 (19 - 20) years) participated. We estimated their intake of nutrients (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, essential elements, vitamins, fatty acids, and dietary fibre) using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and measured telomere length (T/S ratio, the ratio of telomere repeat copy number (T) to single-copy gene number (S)) of DNA extracted from blood by qPCR. The association between telomere length and tertiles of nutrient intake were analysed. RESULTS The median (interquartile range) of telomere length was 0.70 (0.52 - 0.98). Vitamin A intake was positively associated with telomere length (tertile 1 vs. 2, coefficient [95% confidence interval] = 0.42 [0.12, 0.71]; tertile 1 vs. 3, coefficient [95% confidence interval] = 0.33 [0.04, 0.62]) after adjusting for covariates (age, BMI, passive smoking, and drinking). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that variation in vitamin A intake might influence telomere attrition in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mizuno
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Konishi
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chiho Goto
- Department of Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Human Life, Nagoya Bunri University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshinaga
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Mikie Hidaka
- Department of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Imai
- Faculty of Nursing, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Nabeyama T, Suzuki Y, Yamamoto K, Sakane M, Sasaki Y, Shindo H, Takita M, Kami M. Prevalence of iron deficiency among university kendo practitioners in Japan: an observational cohort study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:62. [PMID: 33287850 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Iron deficiency is widely recognized as being the cause of anemia in athletes, although iron status in athletes of Kendo, a traditional Japanese martial art based on swordsmanship and practiced as an educational sport, has not been widely investigated. Methods We performed a health assessment on anemia and serum ferritin levels, along with nutrient intake evaluation, for Kendo practitioners in a university in Japan. Results A total of 56 Kendo practitioners (39 male and 17 female) aged between 18 and 23 years participated in the study. No individuals exhibited WHO-defined anemia (less than 13 or 12 g/dL of hemoglobin levels in male or female), while hypoferritinemia (less than 30 ng/mL) was found in seven (41%) females but not in males. Significantly higher body mass index was found in the female athletes with hypoferritinemia compared to females with normo-ferritinemia in sub-analysis (median [interquartile range]; 25.6 [24.2, 26.9] versus 22.6 [21.7, 24.1], respectively. p < 0.05). No significant differences in the intake of iron were registered between males and females (with and without hypoferritinemia) using data from a food-frequency questionnaire survey. Conclusion No apparent anemia was found in adolescent Kendo practitioners, although this study confirmed the presence of hypoferritinemia in several female athletes. Careful follow-up, involving both clinical and nutritional assessment, will be necessary for them to prevent progression into anemia. A future study with larger cohorts in multiple sites is warranted to assess the prevalence of iron deficiency for validation and, if necessary, to devise a strategy for improving the iron status in Kendo athletes.
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Wang Z, Yang A, Yang J, Zhao W, Wang Z, Wang W, Wang J, Song J, Li L, Lv W, Li D, Liu H, Wang C, Hao M. Dietary nutrient intake related to higher grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia risk: a Chinese population-based study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:100. [PMID: 33292305 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary nutrient intake plays a significant role in carcinogenesis. Few studies have investigated the association between dietary nutrient intake and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) risk in China. Methods Data on 2304 women from an ongoing cohort comprising 40,000 women from China in 2014 were included. Study randomly selected 218 out of 2304 people as subjects during 2019. All participants were surveyed through in-person interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Clinical data were obtained from physical examinations and laboratory tests. Dietary intakes were assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Nutrition intakes from 26 food sources were calculated using a comprehensive validated database. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the frequency and proportion, and mean and standard deviation of the demographic characteristics. Characteristics were examined for significant differences, and Pearson chi-square tests were used for categoric variables. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for CIN risk in each nutrient intake quartile relative to that in the highest quartile. Results The food frequency questionnaire exhibited acceptable reproducibility and reasonable validity in assessing nutrient intakes among these women. After adjusting for multiple confounders, several dietary nutrients showed significant associations with CIN2+ risk. Low dietary folate intake was associated with the risk of CIN2+ (first versus fourth quartile: OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.03–2.33). Similar results were also observed for vitamin B6 (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.08–2.46), vitamin C (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.05–2.42), niacin (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.08–2.51), and vitamin K (second versus fourth quartile: OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.05–2.44). Conclusions Low folate; vitamin B6, C, and K; and niacin intakes were associated with CIN2+ risk. Nutrients may influence the development of higher grade CIN and cervical cancer.
Trial registration The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR-ROC-15006479) (https://www.chictr.org.cn).
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Asamane EA, Greig CA, Thompson JL. The association between nutrient intake, nutritional status and physical function of community-dwelling ethnically diverse older adults. BMC Nutr 2020; 6:36. [PMID: 32864152 PMCID: PMC7447572 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-020-00363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are limited longitudinal data regarding nutrient intake, nutritional status and physical function in community-dwelling ethnically diverse older adults. This study explored these variables and their relationship at baseline (n = 100) and 8-months' follow-up (n = 81) among community-dwelling ethnically diverse older adults (≥60 years) in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Methods Multiple-pass 24-h dietary recalls and the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form assessed nutritional intake and status, respectively. Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and handgrip strength measured physical function. Linear and multinomial regressions were used to predict relationships between physical function, nutritional status and nutrient intake. Results Complete data were collected at baseline (n = 100) and 8-months' follow-up (n = 81). Mean (SD) age was 70 (8.1) years (60% male), with 62% being obese. Statistically significant decreases in intakes of vitamin B6, vitamin B1, iron, folate, and magnesium occurred over time. Daily intake of all micronutrients except vitamin B12, phosphorus and manganese were below the Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNI). SPPB (Z = -4.01, p < 0.001) and nutritional status (Z = -2.37, p = 0.018) declined over time. Higher SPPB scores at baseline (OR = 0.54 95% CI 0.35, 0.81) were associated with a slower decline in nutritional status. Conclusion The observed declines and inadequate nutrient intakes in the absence of weight loss in just 8 months may pose serious challenges to healthy ageing, identifying an urgent need to re-evaluate and tailor appropriate dietary advice for this population. Additionally, the associations of nutrition and physical function observed in this study serves as an essential resource to design and implement community/faith-based interventions targeting early screening of nutritional status and physical function to ensure most older adults are assessed and treated accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans A Asamane
- School of Sports, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Carolyn A Greig
- School of Sports, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janice L Thompson
- School of Sports, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Raatz SK, Johnson LK, Caliquary A, King WC, Kalarchian MA, Devlin MJ, Marcus MD, Mitchell JE. Reported nutrient intake over 7 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-3 (LABS-3) psychosocial study. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 16:1022-1029. [PMID: 32418771 PMCID: PMC7423730 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is the most effective therapy for severe obesity. It reduces gastric capacity and may modify regulation of appetite, satiety, insulin, and other physiologic processes, resulting in weight loss. OBJECTIVE Long-term data on postsurgical nutrient intake are lacking. SETTING The Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-3 psychosocial study. METHODS Reported dietary intake was assessed in a subset of participants (n = 72) of the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-3 psychosocial study who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Two 24-hour diet recalls at presurgery and annual assessments over 7 years were obtained. Reported diets were evaluated for energy, macro- and micronutrient intake, and assessed for adequacy by comparison to the dietary reference intakes. RESULTS After surgery, reported intake of total energy, and all macronutrients were significantly reduced. At least a quarter of participants reported protein intake below the recommended dietary allowance. Over half of participants reported intake of several vitamins (C, D, A, E, thiamin, folate) and minerals (zinc, calcium) below recommended levels over 7 years. Compared with presurgery, reported energy intake was reduced over 7 years. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02495142. CONCLUSIONS The reduction in energy resulted in intakes below the dietary reference intakes for many micronutrients among the majority of participants and below the recommended dietary allowance for protein in a substantial subgroup. These data support continued long-term nutrition education, monitoring, and supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Raatz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota.
| | - LuAnn K Johnson
- Division of Research and Economic Development, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | | | - Wendy C King
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Michael J Devlin
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Marsha D Marcus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Hashimoto A, Inoue H, Kuwano T. Low energy intake and dietary quality are associated with low objective sleep quality in young Japanese women. Nutr Res 2020; 80:44-54. [PMID: 32682178 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Literature reports suggest that subjective sleep quality is associated with nutrient intake in elderly people and workers. However, few studies have suggested an association between objective sleep quality and dietary intake in adolescents and young women. We hypothesized that objective sleep quality is associated with dietary intake in adolescents and young women. We evaluated the association between energy and nutrient intake and objective sleep quality in adolescents and young Japanese women. In a cross-sectional study of 80 women aged 18-27 years, dietary intake was assessed using the self-administered diet history questionnaire. Objective sleep quality was assessed by actigraphy. Lifestyle characteristics, dietary habits, and mental health were assessed using specific questionnaires. Subjects were classified into 3 groups according to sleep efficiency (SE <80%, 80%-85%, and ≥85%), and the relationships between dietary intake and objective sleep quality were statistically evaluated. No significant differences occurred in lifestyle characteristics, physical activity levels, eating behavior, and mental health status among the 3 SE groups. Energy intake was significantly lower in the low-SE group than in the middle- (P = .004) and high- (P = .015) SE groups. Protein intake was significantly lower in the low-SE group than in the high-SE group (P = .034). The mean energy-adjusted intakes of vitamin K, vitamin B2, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and tryptophan were significantly lower in the low-SE group than in the high-SE group. Adequate energy intake and a high-quality diet including vitamins, minerals, and tryptophan may result in high sleep quality and help prevent sleep problems.
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Ishikawa-Takata K, Kurotani K, Adachi M, Takimoto H. Frequency of meals that includes staple, main and side dishes and nutrient intake: findings from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:2618-28. [PMID: 32654676 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980020001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between nutrient intake and a straightforward Japanese nutritional goal of consuming a meal that includes staple, main and side dishes (SMS meal) more than twice a day. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional, observational study using the data from de-identified records of the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary assessment was conducted using semi-weighed dietary records that were completed on one weekday. SETTING A home-based setting in Japan. PARTICIPANTS 30 269 subjects (male n 14 284; female n 15 985) aged ≥6 years (6-103 years, mean 50·4 (sd 22·3) years). RESULTS As the frequency of SMS meals increased, we found a higher intake of most nutrients and each food group. Subjects who consumed SMS meals at least twice a day were more likely to meet the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for Japan compared with subjects who consumed an SMS meal once a day or less. However, the frequency of SMS meals did not necessarily ensure that DRI for Japan for saturated fatty acid, vitamin A, vitamin B1, calcium, iron and salt were met. CONCLUSIONS Consuming SMS meals at least twice a day is a useful and straightforward nutrition goal to achieve adequate intake of some nutrients. However, it is necessary to provide the public with more information on foodstuff choice to ensure an adequate intake of all nutrients.
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Harmouche-Karaki M, Mahfouz M, Obeyd J, Salameh P, Mahfouz Y, Helou K. Development and validation of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intake among Lebanese adults. Nutr J 2020; 19:65. [PMID: 32631430 PMCID: PMC7339409 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is the most frequently used method to assess dietary intake in epidemiological studies evaluating diet-disease association. The objective of this study was to validate a FFQ for use among Lebanese adults by evaluating various facets of validity and reproducibility. METHODS The quantitative 164-items FFQ was validated against the average of six 24-h dietary recalls (DRs) in a sample of 238 Lebanese adults. Reproducibility of the FFQ was assessed by administering it twice within 1 month' time interval. RESULTS Positive statistically significant Pearson correlations were observed in most macro and micronutrients between the FFQ and the six 24-h DRs, ranging from 0.16 to 0.65, with two thirds of the correlation coefficients exceeding 0.3. Energy, gender, and age-adjusted statistically significant Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from 0.14 to 0.64, with two thirds of the coefficients exceeding 0.2. Intakes from the FFQ were mostly higher than those of the 24-h DRs. Mean percent difference between nutrient intakes from both dietary methods decreased remarkably after using energy-adjusted mean intakes. Values were acceptable to good for all macronutrients and several micronutrients. Cross-classification analysis revealed that around 64.3 to 83.9% of participants were classified into the same and adjacent quartile whereas grossly misclassified proportions ranged from 3.7 to 12.2%. Weighted kappa values ranged from 0.02 to 0.36 with most of them exceeding 0.2. In indirect validity analysis, key nutrient mean intakes estimated from the six 24-h DRs were significantly positively associated with tertiles of food groups derived from the FFQ. Bland Altman plots showed that the majority of data points fell within the limits of agreement (LOA) for all nutrients. As for reproducibility analysis, ICC values were all statistically significant ranging from 0.645 to 0.959 and Bland Altman plots confirmed these results. CONCLUSIONS Based on various aspects of validity and reproducibility, and an extensive range of statistical tests, the present FFQ developed for a Lebanese community is an acceptable tool for dietary assessment and is useful for evaluating diet-disease associations in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Harmouche-Karaki
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon B.P. 11-5076 – Riad el Solh, Beirut, 1107 2180 Lebanon
| | - Maya Mahfouz
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon B.P. 11-5076 – Riad el Solh, Beirut, 1107 2180 Lebanon
| | - Jawaher Obeyd
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon B.P. 11-5076 – Riad el Solh, Beirut, 1107 2180 Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Yara Mahfouz
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon B.P. 11-5076 – Riad el Solh, Beirut, 1107 2180 Lebanon
| | - Khalil Helou
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon B.P. 11-5076 – Riad el Solh, Beirut, 1107 2180 Lebanon
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Caswell BL, Talegawkar SA, Siamusantu W, West KP, Palmer AC. Within-person, between-person and seasonal variance in nutrient intakes among 4- to 8-year-old rural Zambian children. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:1426-33. [PMID: 32100656 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520000732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Estimates of the components of nutrient intake variation are needed for modelling distributions of usual intake or predicting the usual intake of individuals. Season is a potential source of variation in nutrient intakes in addition to within- and between-person variation, particularly in low- or middle-income countries. We aimed to describe seasonal variation in nutrient intakes and estimate within-person, between-person and other major components of intake variance among Zambian children. Children from rural villages and peri-urban towns in Mkushi District, Zambia aged 4-8 years were enrolled in the non-intervened arm of a randomised controlled trial of pro-vitamin A carotenoid biofortified maize (n 200). Up to seven 24-h dietary recalls per child were obtained at monthly intervals over a 6-month period covering the late post-harvest (August-October), early lean (November-January) and late lean (February-April) seasons (2012-2013). Nutrient intakes varied significantly by season. For energy and most nutrients, intakes were highest in the early lean season and lower in the late post-harvest and late lean seasons. Season and recall on a market day had the strongest effects on nutrient intakes among covariates examined. Unadjusted within- to between-person variance ratios ranged from 4·5 to 31·3. In components of variance models, season accounted for 3-20 % of nutrient intake variance. Particularly in rural settings in low- and middle-income countries, where availability of locally grown, nutrient-rich foods may vary seasonally, studies should include replicates across seasons to more precisely estimate long-term usual intakes.
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Wilson B, Cox SR, Whelan K. Challenges of the low FODMAP diet for managing irritable bowel syndrome and approaches to their minimisation and mitigation. Proc Nutr Soc 2021; 80:19-28. [PMID: 32468985 DOI: 10.1017/S0029665120006990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) is clinically effective and a commonly utilised approach in the management of functional symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome. Despite this, the low FODMAP diet has a number of challenges: it can alter the gut microbiota; impact nutrient intake and diet quality; is complex to understand; requires the patient to be adequately supported to follow the diet accurately and safely; and lastly, not all patients respond to the diet. The current review highlights the evidence for the clinical effectiveness of the low FODMAP diet, but focusses on the challenges associated with the diet to the patient, health professionals and the wider healthcare service. Finally, the review discusses research findings and practical guidance for how these challenges can be minimised and mitigated. The low FODMAP diet is a useful management strategy for irritable bowel syndrome, with data from clinical trials suggesting a 50-80% response rate, and when administered appropriately, the challenges to implementing the diet can be overcome so that these outcomes can be realised effectively and safely in clinical practice.
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Sailer M, Elizondo G, Martin J, Harding CO, Gillingham MB. Nutrient intake, body composition, and blood phenylalanine control in children with phenylketonuria compared to healthy controls. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 23:100599. [PMID: 32420034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phenylketonuria (PKU) treatment consists of life-long protein restriction and Phe-free medical foods for adequate nutritional intake and growth. A relationship between body composition and blood phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations in subjects with PKU has been proposed but this has not been consistently reported. Methods Dietary intake, lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass (FM) were measured in 30 pediatric subjects with PKU compared to 30 age, and sex matched controls. The relationship between body composition and blood Phe was analyzed within the PKU cohort from clinically collected dried blood spot Phe concentrations. Results Male subjects with PKU had less LBM% and more FM% than controls (p = .024). There was no difference in LBM% and FM% among female subjects. Age (p = .02) and FM% (p = .02) were positively correlated to dried blood spot Phe. Synthetic protein intake (g/kg body weight) was negatively correlated with dried blood spot Phe (p = .04). Natural protein intake was not related to blood spot Phe. Conclusions Children with PKU face additional dietary challenges maintaining healthy growth and body composition while keeping Phe levels low. We observed higher FM% and lower LBM% in male subjects with PKU. Correlations do not prove cause and effect but suggest a relationship between increased blood Phe, lower synthetic protein intake and increased FM%. Future studies may explore if lower blood Phe concentrations is associated with a lower FM% and higher LBM%; particularly among adult patients now managed on pegvaliase (Palynziq®) who consume normal amounts of natural protein or among younger patients who consume glycomacropeptide (GMP).
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