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Pessoa VA, Soares LBN, Silva GL, Vasconcelos AS, Silva JF, Fariña JI, Oliveira-Junior SD, Sales-Campos C, Chevreuil LR. Production of mycelial biomass, proteases and protease inhibitors by Ganoderma lucidum under different submerged fermentation conditions. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e270316. [PMID: 37162094 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.270316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom widely recognized as a source of biomolecules with pharmacological properties, however, little is known about the factors that influence the synthesis of bioactive proteins by this fungus when cultivated under submerged fermentation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of mycelial biomass and intracellular proteases and protease inhibitors by G. lucidum cultivated under different submerged fermentation conditions. The cultivation was carried out in a medium composed of glucose (10 or 20 g.L-1), soy peptone (2.5 or 5 g.L-1) and yeast extract (5 g.L-1), with incubation under agitation (120 rpm) and non-agitation, totaling 8 experimental conditions. Biomass production was determined from the dry weight, while glucose consumption was estimated by quantification of reducing sugars. The proteins were extracted in NaCl (0.15 M), and the protein extracts were submitted to protein quantification by the Bradford method, total proteolytic activity using azocasein, caseinolytic and fibrinolytic activity in Petri dishes, activity of serine (trypsin and chymotrypsin) and cysteine (papain) protease inhibitors. Cultivation in agitated condition showed higher biomass production with a maximum value of 7 g.L-1, in addition to higher activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin and papain inhibitors, with 154 IU.mg-1, 153 IU.mg-1 e 343 IU.mg-1 of protein, respectively. The non-agitated condition showed a greater potential for obtaining proteins, total proteases, caseinolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes, with maximum values of 433 mg.g-1 of extract, 71 U.mL-1 of extract, 63.62 mm2 and 50.27 mm2, respectively. Thus, a medium composed of soy peptone, yest extract and glucose in a 1:2:4 proportion is recommended, under agitation to produce protease inhibitors, and the non-agitated condition when the target is, mainly caseinolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Pessoa
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Edible Fungi Cultivation Laboratory, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology - PPGBIOTEC, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - L B N Soares
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Edible Fungi Cultivation Laboratory, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology - PPGBIONORTE, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - G L Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Edible Fungi Cultivation Laboratory, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - A S Vasconcelos
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Edible Fungi Cultivation Laboratory, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - J F Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Edible Fungi Cultivation Laboratory, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - J I Fariña
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos - PROIMI-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - S D Oliveira-Junior
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Edible Fungi Cultivation Laboratory, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - C Sales-Campos
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Edible Fungi Cultivation Laboratory, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology - PPGBIOTEC, Manaus, AM, Brasil
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology - PPGBIONORTE, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - L R Chevreuil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Edible Fungi Cultivation Laboratory, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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Tran HB, Yamamoto A, Matsumoto S, Ito H, Igami K, Miyazaki T, Kondo R, Shimizu K. Hypotensive effects and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides of reishi (Ganoderma lingzhi) auto-digested extract. Molecules 2014; 19:13473-85. [PMID: 25178067 PMCID: PMC6271714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190913473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reishi (Ganoderma lingzhi) has been used as a traditional medicine for millennia. However, relatively little is known about this mushroom’s proteins and their bioactivities. In this study, we used reishi’s own proteases to hydrolyze its protein and obtained auto-digested reishi (ADR) extract. The extract was subjected to in vitro assays and administered to spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) to determine its potential for use as a hypotensive medication. Bioassay-guided fractionation and de novo sequencing were used for identifying the active compounds. After 4 h administration of ADR, the systolic pressure of SHRs significantly decreased to 34.3 mmHg (19.5% change) and the effect was maintained up to 8 h of administration, with the decrease reaching as low as 26.8 mmHg (15% reduction–compare to base line a decrease of 26.8 mmHg is less than a decrease of 34.3 mmHg so it should give a smaller % reduction). Eleven peptides were identified and four of them showed potent inhibition against ACE with IC50 values ranging from 73.1 μM to 162.7 μM. The results showed that ADR could be a good source of hypotensive peptides that could be used for antihypertensive medication or incorporation into functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bang Tran
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Sayaka Matsumoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Hisatomi Ito
- Beauty Care Products Division, Nagase & Co. Ltd., Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2241, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Igami
- Beauty Care Products Division, Nagase & Co. Ltd., Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2241, Japan.
| | - Toshitsugu Miyazaki
- Beauty Care Products Division, Nagase & Co. Ltd., Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2241, Japan.
| | - Ryuichiro Kondo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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