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mohammadi R, Abbaszadeh S, Sharifzadeh A, Sepandi M, Taghdir M, Youseftabar Miri N, Parastouei K. In vitro activity of encapsulated lactic acid bacteria on aflatoxin production and growth of Aspergillus Spp. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1282-1288. [PMID: 33747444 PMCID: PMC7958533 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential ability of simultaneously used L. acidophilus(LA-5), L.rhamnosus(LGG), and L.casei(LC-01) in encapsulated (E) and nonencapsulated (NE) forms in mycelial growth of Aspergillus spp and aflatoxin production by A. flavus. In order to assess the zone of fungal growth inhibition by E and NE lactic acid bacteria, the agar well diffusion method was applied. Quantification of aflatoxin was performed using a high-performance liquid chromatography technique. Lactic acid bacteria exhibited high antifungal activity and significantly reduced AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2 production in both E and NE forms compared to the control group. The percentage of reduction in total AFs production in treated samples with E and NE lactic acid bacteria was 94.1% and 95.5%, respectively. These results suggested that simultaneously used lactic acid bacteria in E and NE forms can prevent growth and decrease aflatoxin production of toxigenic aspergilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah mohammadi
- Health Research CenterLife style instituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sepideh Abbaszadeh
- Health Research CenterLife style instituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneFaculty of HealthBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Aghil Sharifzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Mojtaba Sepandi
- Health Research CenterLife style instituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maryam Taghdir
- Health Research CenterLife style instituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Karim Parastouei
- Health Research CenterLife style instituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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2
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Mohammadi M, Azizi MH, Zoghi A. Antimicrobial activity of carboxymethyl cellulose-gelatin film containing Dianthus barbatus essential oil against aflatoxin-producing molds. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1244-1253. [PMID: 32148830 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.v8.210.1002/fsn3.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible films, as novel degradable materials in food packaging, play an important role in removing consumers' concerns about environmental pollution and food contaminations. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-gelatin (G) edible films with the ratio 4 to 1 was selected as the optimal film based on physical, mechanical, and physicochemical findings. Then, the effects of 0, 300, 450, and 600 ppm Dianthus barbatus essential oil (DbE) on water vapor permeability, tensile strength, elongation at break, water solubility, glass transition temperature, color, oxygen permeability, and antimicrobial activities on the optimal film were investigated. CMC: G (4:1) containing 600 ppm DbE as the antibacterial-antioxidant film was the best formulae (p < .05) for preventing three types of aflatoxin-producing mold including A. flavus (PTCC-5004), A. parasiticus (PTCC-5286), and A. parasiticus (PTCC-5018) on pistachios for 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mohammadi
- Department of Food Technology Research National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Azizi
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture Tarbiat Modarres University Tehran Iran
| | - Alaleh Zoghi
- Department of Food Technology Research National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Mohammadi M, Azizi MH, Zoghi A. Antimicrobial activity of carboxymethyl cellulose-gelatin film containing Dianthus barbatus essential oil against aflatoxin-producing molds. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1244-1253. [PMID: 32148830 PMCID: PMC7020294 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible films, as novel degradable materials in food packaging, play an important role in removing consumers' concerns about environmental pollution and food contaminations. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-gelatin (G) edible films with the ratio 4 to 1 was selected as the optimal film based on physical, mechanical, and physicochemical findings. Then, the effects of 0, 300, 450, and 600 ppm Dianthus barbatus essential oil (DbE) on water vapor permeability, tensile strength, elongation at break, water solubility, glass transition temperature, color, oxygen permeability, and antimicrobial activities on the optimal film were investigated. CMC: G (4:1) containing 600 ppm DbE as the antibacterial-antioxidant film was the best formulae (p < .05) for preventing three types of aflatoxin-producing mold including A. flavus (PTCC-5004), A. parasiticus (PTCC-5286), and A. parasiticus (PTCC-5018) on pistachios for 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mohammadi
- Department of Food Technology ResearchNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteFaculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Azizi
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFaculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modarres UniversityTehranIran
| | - Alaleh Zoghi
- Department of Food Technology ResearchNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteFaculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Ozcakmak S, Gul O, Dervisoglu M, Yilmaz A, Sagdic O, Arici M. Comparison of the Effect of Some Essential Oils on the Growth ofPenicillium verrucosumand its Ochratoxin a Production. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Ozcakmak
- Directorate of Provincial Food Agriculture and Livestock; Samsun Turkey
| | - Osman Gul
- Department of Food Processing, Yeşilyurt Demir-Çelik Vocational School; Ondokuz Mayis University; Samsun Turkey
| | - Muhammet Dervisoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty; Ondokuz Mayis University; Samsun Turkey
| | - Azime Yilmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty; Yildiz Technical University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Osman Sagdic
- Department of Food Engineering, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty; Yildiz Technical University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Muhammet Arici
- Department of Food Engineering, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty; Yildiz Technical University; Istanbul Turkey
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Fidelis QC, Ribeiro TA, Araújo MF, de Carvalho MG. Ouratea genus: chemical and pharmacological aspects. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-695x20142413361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kocić-Tanackov S, Dimić G, Lević J, Tanackov I, Tepić A, Vujičić B, Gvozdanović-Varga J. Effects of onion (Allium cepa L.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) essential oils on the Aspergillus versicolor growth and sterigmatocystin production. J Food Sci 2012; 77:M278-84. [PMID: 22497489 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study the effects of individual and combined essential oils (EOs) extracted from onion (Allium cepa L.) bulb and garlic (Allium sativum L.) clove on the growth of Aspergillus versicolor and sterigmatocystin (STC) production were investigated. The EOs obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC/MS. Twenty one compounds were identified in onion EO. The major components were: dimethyl-trisulfide (16.64%), methyl-propyl-trisulfide (14.21%), dietil-1,2,4-tritiolan (3R,5S-, 3S,5S- and 3R,5R- isomers) (13.71%), methyl-(1-propenyl)-disulfide (13.14%), and methyl-(1-propenyl)-trisulfide (13.02%). The major components of garlic EO were diallyl-trisulfide (33.55%), and diallyl-disulfide (28.05%). The mycelial growth and the STC production were recorded after 7, 14, and 21 d of the A. versicolor growth in Yeast extract sucrose (YES) broth containing different EOs concentrations. Compared to the garlic EO, the onion EO showed a stronger inhibitory effect on the A. versicolor mycelial growth and STC production. After a 21-d incubation of fungi 0.05 and 0.11 μg/mL of onion EO and 0.11 μg/mL of garlic EO completely inhibited the A. versicolor mycelial growth and mycotoxins biosynthesis. The combination of EOs of onion (75%) and garlic (25%) had a synergistic effect on growth inhibition of A. versicolor and STC production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunčica Kocić-Tanackov
- Kocić-Tanackov, Dimić, Tepić, and Vujičić are with Faculty of Technology, Univ. of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Sindhu S, Chempakam B, Leela NK, Suseela Bhai R. Chemoprevention by essential oil of turmeric leaves (Curcuma longa L.) on the growth of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin production. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1188-92. [PMID: 21354246 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Turmeric is well known for a wide range of medicinal properties. Essential oil of turmeric leaves (Curcuma longa L.) were evaluated at varying concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5% (v/v) in Yeast Extract Sucrose (YES) broth inoculated with spore suspension of Aspergillus flavus of 10(6)conidia/ml. These were evaluated for their potential in the control of aflatoxigenic fungus A. flavus and aflatoxin production. Turmeric leaf oil exhibited 95.3% and 100% inhibition of toxin production respectively at 1.0% and 1.5%. The extent of inhibition of fungal growth and aflatoxin production was dependent on the concentration of essential oil used. The oil exhibited significant inhibition of fungal growth as well as aflatoxins B(1) and G(1) production. The LD(50) and LD(90) were also determined. GC-MS analysis of the oil showed α-phellandrene, p-cymene and terpinolene as the major components in turmeric leaf oil. The possibility of using these phytochemical components as bio-preservatives for storage of spices is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sindhu
- Indian Institute of Spices Research, P.O. Box 1701, Marikunnu P.O., Calicut 673 012, Kerala, India.
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Gandomi H, Misaghi A, Akhondzadeh Basti A, Hamedi H, Ramezani Shirvani Z. Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil on colony morphology and ultrastructure of Aspergillus flavus. Mycoses 2010; 54:e429-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2010.01942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Reddy K, Nurdijati S, Salleh B. An Overview of Plant-Derived Products on Control of Mycotoxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2010.126.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gandomi H, Misaghi A, Basti AA, Bokaei S, Khosravi A, Abbasifar A, Javan AJ. Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil on growth and aflatoxin formation by Aspergillus flavus in culture media and cheese. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:2397-400. [PMID: 19477213 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil (EO) against growth, spore production and aflatoxin formation by Aspergillus flavus ATCC 15546 was investigated in synthetic media as well as Iranian ultra-filtered white cheese in brine. EO effectively inhibited radial growth and spore production on potato dextrose agar (PDA) in a dose-dependent manner. At 200 ppm, the radial growth and sporulation reduced by 79.4% and 92.5%, respectively. The growth was completely prevented at EO400 ppm on PDA, and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the oil was estimated at 1000 ppm. The oil also significantly suppressed mycelial growth and aflatoxin synthesis in broth medium at all concentrations tested (P<0.05). At 150 ppm of EO, the mycelial growth and aflatoxin accumulation reduced by 90% and 99.4%, respectively. The EO at all concentrations tested, had an inhibitory effect against radial fungal growth and aflatoxin production by A. flavus in cheese. However, no concentration of EO examined was able to completely inhibit the growth and aflatoxin production in cheese. The results suggested the potential substitution of the antifungal chemicals by this EO as a natural inhibitor to control the growth of molds in foods such as cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Gandomi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Oliveira MDS, Furlong EB. Screening of antifungal and antimycotoxigenic activity of plant phenolic extracts. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2008. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2008.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The antifungal and antimycotoxigenic activities of extracts from edible plants were tested by the agar dilution method using the growth diameter of Aspergillus flavus as response and the determination of aflatoxins B1 and B2 in the culture medium. On the 7th incubation day, the greatest fungal inhibitions were reached by the extracts from potato peel; rice and wheat; lemon peel and pulp; eggplant peel; orange peel and pulp; and apple pulp. After the 14-day incubation, the extracts from banana (30 µg phenol/ml agar), eggplant (30 µg phenol/ml agar), and potato (50 and 67 µg phenol/ml agar) pulp reduced the production of aflatoxin B1 by 3.2%/µg phenol/ml agar, 2.9%/µg phenol/ml agar, 1.8%/µg phenol/ml agar and 0.85%/µg phenol/ml agar, respectively, in relation to the control. The extracts from the other vegetables fully inhibited the synthesis of the mycotoxin. These results point to the studied plants and their residues as potential sources of phenolic compounds that may have an inhibitory effect on fungal development and the production of mycotoxins in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. dos Santos Oliveira
- Departamento de Química Laboratório de Micotoxinas, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rua Eng°Alfredo Huch 475, CEP 96201-900 Rio Grande/RS, Brazil
| | - E. Badiale Furlong
- Departamento de Química Laboratório de Micotoxinas, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rua Eng°Alfredo Huch 475, CEP 96201-900 Rio Grande/RS, Brazil
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Shri R, Singh Bora K. Neuroprotective effect of methanolic extracts of Allium cepa on ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury. Fitoterapia 2007; 79:86-96. [PMID: 17900821 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study is designed to investigate the effect of methanolic extract of outer scales and edible portions of Allium cepa bulb on ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury. Global cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 10 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Pretreatment with methanolic extract of outer scales (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) and edible portions (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) of A. cepa bulb markedly reduced cerebral infarct size and attenuated impairment in short-term memory and motor coordination. The protective effect of methanolic extract of outer scales and edible portions of A. cepa bulb was accompanied by a marked decrease in mitochondrial TBARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala 147002, Punjab, India.
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Chang I, Kim JD. Inhibition of Aflatoxin Production of Aspergillus flavus by Lactobacillus casei. MYCOBIOLOGY 2007; 35:76-81. [PMID: 24015075 PMCID: PMC3763133 DOI: 10.4489/myco.2007.35.2.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus casei KC-324 was tested for its ability to inhibit aflatoxin production and mycelial growth of Aspergillus flavus ATCC 15517 in liquid culture. Aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis and mycelial growth were inhibited in both simultaneous culture and individual antagonism assays,suggesting that the inhibitory activity was due to extracellular metabolites produced in cell-free supernatant fluids of the cultured broth of L. casei KC-324. In cell-free supernatant fluids of all media tested,deMan,Rogosa and Sharpe broth,potato dextrose broth,and Czapek-Dox broth + 1% yeast extract showed higher antiaflatoxigenic activity. In these case, fungal growths, however, was not affected as measured by mycelial dry weight. The antiaflatoxigenic metabolites from L. casei KC-324 were produced over wide range of temperatures between 25℃ and 37℃. However, these metabolites were not thermostable since the inhibitory activity of the supernatant was inactivated within 30 minutes at 100℃ and 121℃. The inhibitory activity was not influenced by changing pH of supernatant between 4 and 10. However,the antiaflatoxigenic activity was slightly reduced at pH 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Injeong Chang
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea
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Kabak B, Dobson ADW, Var I. Strategies to Prevent Mycotoxin Contamination of Food and Animal Feed: A Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2006; 46:593-619. [PMID: 17092826 DOI: 10.1080/10408390500436185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that have been associated with severe toxic effects to vertebrates produced by many important phytopathogenic and food spoilage fungi including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Alternaria species. The contamination of foods and animal feeds with mycotoxins is a worldwide problem. We reviewed various control strategies to prevent the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi as well as to inhibit mycotoxin biosynthesis including pre-harvest (resistance varieties, field management and the use of biological and chemical agents), harvest management, and post-harvest (improving of drying and storage conditions, the use of natural and chemical agents, and irradiation) applications. While much work in this area has been performed on the most economically important mycotoxins, aflatoxin B(1) and ochratoxin A much less information is available on other mycotoxins such as trichothecenes, fumonisin B(1), zearalenone, citrinin, and patulin. In addition, physical, chemical, and biological detoxification methods used to prevent exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic effect of mycotoxins are discussed. Finally, dietary strategies, which are one of the most recent approaches to counteract the mycotoxin problem with special emphasis on in vivo and in vitro efficacy of several of binding agents (activated carbons, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, bentonite, zeolites, and lactic acid bacteria) have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Kabak
- Department of Food Engineering, Agricultural Faculty, University of Cukurova, TR-01330, Adana, Turkey.
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Joseph GS, Jayaprakasha GK, Selvi AT, Jena BS, Sakariah KK. Antiaflatoxigenic and antioxidant activities of Garcinia extracts. Int J Food Microbiol 2005; 101:153-60. [PMID: 15862877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2004] [Revised: 10/20/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of hexane and chloroform extracts from the fruit rinds of Garcinia cowa and Garcinia pedunculata on the growth and aflatoxin production in Aspergillus flavus was studied using peanut powder as a model food system. The growth of A. flavus was completely inhibited by the hexane and chloroform extracts from G. cowa and chloroform extract from G. pedunculata at 3000 ppm concentration, which was considered as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC for the hexane extract of G. pedunculata was at 4000 ppm. Both the extracts from G. cowa inhibited aflatoxin B1 production upto 100% at a lower concentration of 2000 ppm. It was observed that, at lower concentration of the extracts from G. cowa and G. pedunculata, the degree of inhibition of aflatoxin production was much higher than the inhibition of fungal growth. The hexane and chloroform extracts from G. cowa and G. pedunculata were also studied for their antioxidant capacity by the formation of phosphomolybdenum complex at 100 ppm concentration and reducing power by potassium ferricyanide reduction method at various concentrations. Hexane and chloroform extracts from G. cowa showed higher antioxidant capacity than G. pedunculata extracts. Similarly, both the extracts from G. cowa showed higher reducing power than the extracts from G. pedunculata. The antiaflatoxigenic activities of the extracts from G. cowa and G. pedunculata may be due to their effective antioxidative properties, which could suppress the biosynthesis of aflatoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Joseph
- Human Resource Development, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570 020, India
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Zhang YQ, Brock M, Keller NP. Connection of propionyl-CoA metabolism to polyketide biosynthesis in Aspergillus nidulans. Genetics 2005; 168:785-94. [PMID: 15514053 PMCID: PMC1448837 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.027540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionyl-CoA is an intermediate metabolite produced through a variety of pathways including thioesterification of propionate and catabolism of odd chain fatty acids and select amino acids. Previously, we found that disruption of the methylcitrate synthase gene, mcsA, which blocks propionyl-CoA utilization, as well as growth on propionate impaired production of several polyketides-molecules typically derived from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA-including sterigmatocystin (ST), a potent carcinogen, and the conidiospore pigment. Here we describe three lines of evidence that demonstrate that excessive propionyl-CoA levels in the cell can inhibit polyketide synthesis. First, inactivation of a putative propionyl-CoA synthase, PcsA, which converts propionate to propionyl-CoA, restored polyketide production and reduced cellular propionyl-CoA content in a DeltamcsA background. Second, inactivation of the acetyl-CoA synthase, FacA, which is also involved in propionate utilization, restored polyketide production in the DeltamcsA background. Third, fungal growth on several compounds (e.g., heptadecanoic acid, isoleucine, and methionine) whose catabolism includes the formation of propionyl-CoA, were found to inhibit ST and conidiospore pigment production. These results demonstrate that excessive propionyl-CoA levels in the cell can inhibit polyketide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Zhang YQ, Keller NP. Blockage of methylcitrate cycle inhibits polyketide production in Aspergillus nidulans. Mol Microbiol 2004; 52:541-50. [PMID: 15066039 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.03994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus nidulans produces the polyketide toxin sterigmatocystin (ST) of which the biosynthetic and pathway specific regulatory genes compose a stc gene cluster. A previous mutagenesis screen identified 23 mutants defective in production of ST. Five mutants constitute a single locus. Genetic complementation and sequencing analysis revealed the mutant locus to be mcsA encoding methylcitrate synthase that converts propionyl-CoA to methylcitrate. Feeding downstream products of methylcitrate synthase, methylcitrate and pyruvate, did not restore ST production in mcsA mutants, indicating that loss of methylcitrate cycle products is not the cause of the ST defect. However, propionate, a precursor for propionyl-CoA, inhibited ST production and induced transcription of mcsA in the wild type. Furthermore, propionate impaired formation of two polyketide spore pigments whereas overexpression of mcsA relieved inhibition of ST production by propionate. Transcription analyses revealed that disruption of mcsA did not affect expression of the specialized fatty acid synthase genes (stcJ and stcK) or polyketide synthase gene (stcA) required for formation of norsolorinic acid (NOR), the first stable intermediate in the ST biosynthetic pathway. Feeding studies showed that NOR but not hexanoic acid (the fatty acid produced by StcJ/StcK and primer unit of StcA) or malonate (source of the extender unit of StcA) restored ST production in the mcsA mutant. We hypothesize that excess buildup of propionyl-CoA in mcsA mutants interferes with polyketide synthase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Abdel-Wahhab MA, Hassan AM, Amer HA, Naguib KM. Prevention of fumonisin-induced maternal and developmental toxicity in rats by certain plant extracts. J Appl Toxicol 2004; 24:469-74. [PMID: 15551383 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In earlier work we have reported that garlic and cabbage extracts can protect laboratory animals from the toxic effects of different mycotoxins. Previous research demonstrated that fumonisin (FB) induced developmental effects in mice, rats and hamsters. The objectives of the present study were to utilize the pregnant rat as an in vivo model to compare the potential of garlic and cabbage seed extracts to prevent the developmental toxicity of FB and the effects of these extracts on sphingolipid metabolism in dam and foetus livers. Six treatment groups included a control group, a group fed on an FB-containing diet (150 mg kg(-1) feed) and groups treated orally with garlic or cabbage extracts (5 mg kg(-1) body wt.) with or without FB during gestation days 6-15. Evaluations of toxicity were performed on day 20. These include: maternal (mortality, body weight, feed intake and litter weight), developmental (embryonic resorption, foetal body weight, foetal soft-tissue anomalies and foetal skeletal examinations) and maternal and foetal sphingolipid metabolism. Fumonisin alone resulted in significant decreases in feed intake, body weight gain, litter weight, number of live foetuses and foetal body weight, whereas it increased significantly the number of resorbed foetuses and the number of skeletal malformations (30.4% for skull and 26.08% for sternebrae) and also increased the sphinganine/sphingosine (Sa/So) ratio in dam but not fetus livers. Garlic alone or plus FB was comparable to the control regarding all the tested parameters. On the other hand, cabbage seed extract alone or plus FB resulted in 10% maternal mortality and a decrease in maternal body weight and litter weight. It resulted in 4.65% skull malformations in foetuses but it was comparable to the control with regard to the other tested parameters. It could be concluded that both garlic and cabbage seed extracts have protective effects in pregnant rats. Moreover, garlic extract was found to have a greater protective effect than cabbage seed extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt.
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Tamil Selvi A, Joseph G, Jayaprakasha G. Inhibition of growth and aflatoxin production in Aspergillus flavus by Garcinia indica extract and its antioxidant activity. Food Microbiol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0740-0020(02)00142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gonçalez E, Felicio JD, Pinto MM. Biflavonoids inhibit the production of aflatoxin by Aspergillus flavus. Braz J Med Biol Res 2001; 34:1453-6. [PMID: 11668356 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2001001100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The biflavonoids 6,6"-bigenkwanin, amenthoflavone, 7,7"-dimethoxyagastisflavone and tetradimethoxybigenkwanin isolated from Ouratea species were tested for inhibitory activity on Aspergillus flavus cultures. Suspensions of Aspergillus flavus spores were inoculated into 50 ml of YES medium at different biflavonoid concentrations: 5 and 10 microg/ml for 6,6"-bigenkwanin, amenthoflavone and 7,7"-dimethoxyagastisflavone, and 5, 10, 15 and 20 microg/ml for tetradimethoxybigenkwanin. The four biflavonoids showed inhibitory activity on aflatoxin B1 and B2 production (P<0.001), but did not inhibit fungal growth at the concentration tested (P>0.05). These results show that biflavonoids can be used for the development of agents to control aflatoxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gonçalez
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Sanidade Animal, Instituto Biológico, Av. Cons. Rodrigues Alves, 1252, 04014-002 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
Lysine, an essential cationic amino acid, has a positively charged R group. The structure of lysine is given as (H(3)N(+)-)CH(-COO(-))-CH(2)-CH(2)-CH(2)-CH(2)-N(+)H(3).While the anabolic role(s) of the molecule has been in focus for quite a few decades now, its biological properties, e.g. role in cellular proliferation in vitro (both anchorage dependent and anchorage independent) and in vivo, its ability to induce strong inflammatory and immune responses - both humoral and cell mediated, its role in augmented healing of all types of wounds in animal models as well as in human subjects (both acute and chronic), as well as its role in inducing extensive angiogenic responses, have never received reasonable attention so far. In the current brief and indicative review (rather than exhaustive reviews of each area), we intend to bring these biological properties of the molecule to focus while discussing a few other interesting aspects - lysine as a food preservative as well as its possible role(s) in immune therapy. While the areas look extremely divergent, we propose a common denominator in the form of a possible molecular mechanism of action of the molecule in all these diverse situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Datta
- School of BioMedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India,
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