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Islam A, Halder J, Rahman ATMM, Ud-Daula A, Uddin S, Hossain MK, Jahan N, Alim A, Bhuyan AA, Rubaya, Hasan M, Alam J. Meat origin differentiation by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.1953068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariful Islam
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Applied Nutrition & Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Joyanta Halder
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - ATM Mijanur Rahman
- Department of Applied Nutrition & Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Asad Ud-Daula
- Department of Applied Nutrition & Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Salah Uddin
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Applied Nutrition & Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Mridha Kamal Hossain
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Jahan
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Alim
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anjuman Ara Bhuyan
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rubaya
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmud Hasan
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jahangir Alam
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Kumar A, Kumar RR, Sharma BD, Gokulakrishnan P, Mendiratta SK, Sharma D. Identification of species origin of meat and meat products on the DNA basis: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1340-51. [PMID: 24915324 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.693978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The adulteration/substitution of meat has always been a concern for various reasons such as public health, religious factors, wholesomeness, and unhealthy competition in meat market. Consumer should be protected from these malicious practices of meat adulterations by quick, precise, and specific identification of meat animal species. Several analytical methodologies have been employed for meat speciation based on anatomical, histological, microscopic, organoleptic, chemical, electrophoretic, chromatographic, or immunological principles. However, by virtue of their inherent limitations, most of these techniques have been replaced by the recent DNA-based molecular techniques. In the last decades, several methods based on polymerase chain reaction have been proposed as useful means for identifying the species origin in meat and meat products, due to their high specificity and sensitivity, as well as rapid processing time and low cost. This review intends to provide an updated and extensive overview on the DNA-based methods for species identification in meat and meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- a Division of Livestock Products Technology , Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar, Bareilly , 243122 , Uttar Pradesh , India
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Teixeira L, Teixeira C, Oliveira D. Identificação espécie-específica de carnes e produtos cárneos de origem bubalina e bovina pela técnica de PCR-RFLP. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-7239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Para avaliar a viabilidade da metodologia da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase associada com o Polimorfismo de Fragmentos de DNA (PCR-RFLP) na identificação de fraude intencional e contaminação acidental em produtos cárneos de origem bubalina, in natura e processados, foram testadas amostras puras e amostras de carnes com misturas controladas, produzidas em laboratório, com adição de 1%, 5%, 10% e 50% de carne bovina em carne de búfalo, homogeneizada crua e em amostras autoclavada. Foram comparados, ainda, diferentes métodos de extração, usando um kit comercial e a técnica clássica, utilizando fenol/clorofórmio. O resultado estatístico foi obtido por tabela de contingência, analisada pelo teste do qui-quadrado (χ2) e do exato de Fisher. A especificidade encontrada foi altamente significativa (P<0,0001). Observou-se também sensibilidade altamente significativa nas diluições a partir de 10% (P<0,0001). A técnica tem alta especificidade e sensibilidade para detectar até mesmo contaminação de 1%, mas a repetibilidade desse resultado impede a aplicação oficial desse método para a inspeção de contaminação acidental, sendo recomendada somente para inspeção de fraude a partir de 10% de substituição. Em carnes autoclavadas, a eficácia do teste é menor. A técnica pode ser empregada para certificação de produto específico (selo de identidade de espécie).
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SHINODA NAOKI, TAKAGI MASAMI, HAYAKAWA TOSHIAKI, ONODERA TAKASHI, SUGIURA KATSUAKI. DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMERS FOR DETECTION OF MULTIPLE CERVID SPECIES IN ANIMAL FEED. J Food Saf 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2010.00250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Huby-Chilton F, Murphy J, Chilton NB, Gajadhar AA, Blais BW. Detection of prohibited animal products in livestock feeds by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. J Food Prot 2010; 73:119-24. [PMID: 20051214 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.1.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of amplicons produced from a mitochondrial DNA region between the tRNA(Lys) and ATPase8 genes was applied for the detection of animal product within livestock feeds. Identification of prohibited animal (cattle, elk, sheep, deer, and goat) and nonprohibited animal (pig and horse) products from North America was possible based on the differential display of the single-stranded DNA fragments for the different animal species on SSCP gels. This method allowed specific detection and identification of mixed genomic DNA from different animal species. Trace amounts of cattle-derived materials were also detected in pig meat and bone meal and in grain-based feeds fortified with 10, 5, 1, or 0% porcine meat and bone meal. This study demonstrates the applicability of SSCP analyses to successfully identify the origin of animal species derived materials potentially present in animal feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Huby-Chilton
- Centre for Food-borne and Animal Parasitology, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2R3
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Cawthraw S, Saunders GC, Martin TC, Sawyer J, Windl O, Reaney SD. Real-time PCR detection and identification of prohibited mammalian and avian material in animal feeds. J Food Prot 2009; 72:1055-62. [PMID: 19517734 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.5.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A method for the detection and identification of "prohibited" mammalian or avian material in animal feed was developed and assessed through the analysis of DNA. A generic real-time PCR assay was designed to detect the presence of mammalian and avian mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA genes in animal feed samples. Samples positive with this screening method were further investigated using identification assays to detect the 16S rRNA gene from bovine, ovine, porcine, and avian species and to determine whether the DNA originated from species whose material is prohibited from inclusion in farmed animal feed. An internal positive control was coamplified in the 16S real-time PCR assays to monitor PCR amplification efficiency and avoid potential false-negative results. Using vegetable-based feed standards spiked with meat and bone meal generated with a commercial rendering process, 0.1% meat and bone meal could be detected using the general and species-specific 16S assays. The species-specific assays had 100% specificity for the homologous target species. The 16S real-time PCR assays were evaluated alongside existing tests based on protein evaluation or microscopic examination for a wide range of commercial animal feed samples. In total, 111 (0.76%) of 14,678 samples examined contained prohibited material based on the results from at least one of these tests. However, most positive results did not represent noncompliance because they were associated with samples of pet food, which can legitimately contain material prohibited for use in food for farmed animals. The species-specific 16S assays confirmed the presence of prohibited material in 75% of the 111 samples, whereas the existing protein and microscope tests confirmed the presence of this material in 25 and 54% of the samples, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Cawthraw
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis and Genetics, Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
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Chisholm J, Conyers CM, Hird H. Species identification in food products using the bioMerieux FoodExpert-ID® system. Eur Food Res Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-008-0904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Murphy J, Armour J, Blais BW. Cloth-based hybridization array system for expanded identification of the animal species origin of derived materials in feeds. J Food Prot 2007; 70:2900-5. [PMID: 18095452 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.12.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A cloth-based hybridization array system (CHAS) previously developed for the detection of animal species for which prohibited materials have been specified (cattle, sheep, goat, elk, and deer) has been expanded to include the detection of animal species for which there are no prohibitions (pig and horse) in Canadian and American animal feeds. Animal species were identified by amplification of mitochondrial DNA sequences by PCR and subsequent hybridization of the amplicons with an array of species-specific oligonucleotide capture probes immobilized on a polyester cloth support, followed by an immunoenzymatic assay of the bound PCR products. The CHAS permitted sensitive and specific detection of meat meals from different animal species blended in a grain-based feed and should provide a useful adjunct to microscopic examination for the identification of prohibited materials in animal feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Murphy
- Ottawa Laboratory (Carling), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
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Rensen GJ, Smith WL, Jaravata CV, Osburn B, Cullor JS. Development and evaluation of a real-time FRET probe based multiplex PCR assay for the detection of prohibited meat and bone meal in cattle feed and feed ingredients. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2007; 3:337-46. [PMID: 17199515 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel real-time fluorescent multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for detecting and discriminating between bovine, ovine, and caprine contaminates in cattle feed was developed that simultaneously performs quality control monitoring on both the DNA extraction process and the level of PCR inhibition in the final DNA extract in a single PCR run. The assay used a single set of primers and two sets of FRET probes targeting the ruminant-specific mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. An internal control PCR reaction targeting a region of the chloroplast RNA polymerase beta-subunit (rpobeta) gene, which is conserved among plants, was incorporated into the ruminant multiplex PCR reaction in order to both monitor the DNA extraction method and to test for the presence of PCR inhibitors. The detection limit for bovine and ovine contaminates was evaluated over a period of two sets of six trials on 15 different types of cattle feed and feed ingredients spiked with known concentrations of bovine meat and bone meal (BMBM) and lamb meat and bone meal (LMBM). The assay was able to detect 0.05% w/w BMBM contamination and 0.1% w/w LMBM contamination in all samples of cattle feed and feed ingredients tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel J Rensen
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Santaclara FJ, Espiñeira M, Cabado AG, Vieites JM. Detection of land animal remains in fish meals by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:305-10. [PMID: 17227058 DOI: 10.1021/jf061840l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study a technique was developed with the aim of guaranteeing the composition and security of fish meals, since it allows verification of whether these meals contain land animal remains. The method is based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and length polymorphism, followed by a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Specific primers for every species were designed and calibrated, generating exclusively a PCR product with a specific size when DNA for each species was present in the sample. This technique allows the detection of land animal remains in fish meals, specifically cow, chicken, pig, horse, sheep, and goat. The identity of the PCR products can be confirmed by RFLP analysis using only one restriction enzyme. The selected restrictase generated one characteristic restriction profile for every species included in this study. The detection limit of this method was calculated by using mixtures of fish meals in different proportions and meal that exclusively contained remains of one of these land species studied. The analytical strategy herein proposed was applied to fish and meat meals, giving good results, both in the analyzed standards and in commercial samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Santaclara
- Area of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Vigo, 36310 Pontevedra, Spain.
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Chou CC, Lin SP, Lee KM, Hsu CT, Vickroy TW, Zen JM. Fast differentiation of meats from fifteen animal species by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection using copper nanoparticle plated electrodes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 846:230-9. [PMID: 17008137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2006] [Revised: 07/30/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and reliable method based on high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was developed to routinely differentiate among meat products from fifteen food animal species. Samples from cattle, pigs, goats, deer, horses, chickens, ducks, ostriches, salmon, cod, shrimp, crabs, scallops, bullfrogs and alligators each exhibited unique electrochemical profiles. Species-specific markers exhibited reproducible peak retention times with coefficients of variation less then 6% across different runs, body regions and subjects. The method requires no derivatization or extraction steps and may be applicable to fresh or cooked meats. Incubation of fresh beef, pork or chicken at room temperature for 24h or repeated freezing and thawing changed the intensity but not the pattern of species-specific peaks. In conclusion, this method appears suitable for rapid differentiation of meats from various food animal species and demonstrates the utility of electrochemical detection to supplement existing immunochemical and molecular biological methods. The possibility of using this method to detect adulteration and degradative changes of meat proteins is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chung Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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12
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Ha JC, Jung WT, Nam YS, Moon TW. PCR identification of ruminant tissue in raw and heat-treated meat meals. J Food Prot 2006; 69:2241-7. [PMID: 16995531 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.9.2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To control the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle through contaminated animal feedstuffs, screening of feed products is essential. We designed five pairs of primers to identify specifically raw and heat-treated tissue from cattle, sheep, goat, deer, and ruminants in general. A forward common primer was designed based on a conserved DNA sequence in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA-tRNA(val)-16S rRNA gene, and reverse primers were designed to hybridize with a species-specific DNA sequence for each species considered. All primers were developed to create a specific PCR product small enough (less than 200 bp) to be suitable for heat-treated material. To evaluate the effect of heat treatment, a severe sterilization condition (133 degrees C at 300 kPa for 20 min) was chosen. Species-specific amplicons were obtained from all types of heat-treated meat meals. Analysis of laboratory-contaminated vegetable meals revealed that the detection limit of the assay was 0.05% for each species analyzed. This PCR-based analysis can be used as a routine method for detecting banned animal-derived ingredients in raw and heat-treated feedstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Chul Ha
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
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Armour J, Blais BW. Cloth-based hybridization array system for the detection and identification of ruminant species in animal feed. J Food Prot 2006; 69:453-8. [PMID: 16496594 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.2.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A cloth-based hybridization array system for the detection and identification of material derived from several ruminant species (cattle, sheep, goat, elk, and deer) in animal feeds has been developed. Primers targeting conserved mitochondrial DNA sequences amplified ruminant DNA in a universal PCR, and the digoxigenin-labeled amplicons were hybridized with an array of species-specific oligonucleotide capture probes on a polyester cloth support. The hybridized amplicons were detected on the cloth by sequential reactions with antidigoxigenin antibody-peroxidase conjugate and chromogenic substrate solution. This cloth-based hybridization array system provided sensitive and specific detection and identification of meat meal containing rendered cattle, sheep, goat, elk, and deer material blended in feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Armour
- Ottawa Laboratory (Carling), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ontario, Canada
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Myers MJ, Yancy HF, Araneta M, Armour J, Derr J, Hoostelaere LAD, Farmer D, Jackson F, Kiessling WM, Koch H, Lin H, Liu Y, Mowlds G, Pinero D, Riter KL, Sedwick J, Shen Y, Wetherington J, Younkins R. Validation of a PCR-based method for the detection of various rendered materials in feedstuffs using a forensic DNA extraction kit. J Food Prot 2006; 69:205-10. [PMID: 16416920 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.1.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A method trial was initiated to validate the use of a commercial DNA forensic kit to extract DNA from animal feed as part of a PCR-based method. Four different PCR primer pairs (one bovine pair, one porcine pair, one ovine primer pair, and one multispecies pair) were also evaluated. Each laboratory was required to analyze a total of 120 dairy feed samples either not fortified (control, true negative) or fortified with bovine meat and bone meal, porcine meat and bone meal (PMBM), or lamb meal. Feeds were fortified with the animal meals at a concentration of 0.1% (wt/wt). Ten laboratories participated in this trial, and each laboratory was required to evaluate two different primer pairs, i.e., each PCR primer pair was evaluated by five different laboratories. The method was considered to be validated for a given animal source when three or more laboratories achieved at least 97% accuracy (29 correct of 30 samples for 96.7% accuracy, rounded up to 97%) in detecting the fortified samples for that source. Using this criterion, the method was validated for the bovine primer because three laboratories met the criterion, with an average accuracy of 98.9%. The average false-positive rate was 3.0% in these laboratories. A fourth laboratory was 80% accurate in identifying the samples fortified with bovine meat and bone meal. A fifth laboratory was not able to consistently extract the DNA from the feed samples and did not achieve the criterion for accuracy for either the bovine or multispecies PCR primers. For the porcine primers, the method was validated, with four laboratories meeting the criterion for accuracy with an average accuracy of 99.2%. The fifth laboratory had a 93.3% accuracy outcome for the porcine primer. Collectively, these five laboratories had a 1.3% false-positive rate for the porcine primer. No laboratory was able to meet the criterion for accuracy with the ovine primers, most likely because of problems with the synthesis of the primer pair; none of the positive control DNA samples could be detected with the ovine primers. The multispecies primer pair was validated in three laboratories for use with bovine meat and bone meal and lamb meal but not with PMBM. The three laboratories had an average accuracy of 98.9% for bovine meat and bone meal, 97.8% for lamb meal, and 63.3% for PMBM. When examined on an individual laboratory basis, one of these four laboratories could not identify a single feed sample containing PMBM by using the multispecies primer, whereas the other laboratory identified only one PMBM-fortified sample, suggesting that the limit of detection for PMBM with this primer pair is around 0.1% (wt/wt). The results of this study demonstrated that the DNA forensic kit can be used to extract DNA from animal feed, which can then be used for PCR analysis to detect animal-derived protein present in the feed sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Myers
- US. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA.
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Rensen G, Smith W, Ruzante J, Sawyer M, Osburn B, Cullor J. Development and Evaluation of a Real-Time Fluorescent Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Bovine Contaminates in Cattle Feed. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2005; 2:152-9. [PMID: 15992310 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting prohibited ruminant materials such as bovine meat and bone meal (BMBM) in cattle feed using primers and FRET probes targeting the ruminant specific mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was developed and evaluated on two different types of cattle feed. Common problems involved with PCR based testing of cattle feed include the presence of high levels of PCR inhibitors and the need for certain pre-sample processing techniques in order to perform DNA extractions. We have developed a pre-sample processing technique for extracting DNA from cattle feed which does not require the feed sample to be ground to a fine powder and utilizes materials that are disposed of between samples, thus, reducing the potential of cross contamination. The DNA extraction method utilizes Whatman FTA card technology, is adaptable to high sample throughput analysis and allows for room temperature storage with established archiving of samples of up to 14 years. The Whatman FTA cards are subsequently treated with RNAse and undergo a Chelex-100 extraction (BioRad, Hercules, CA), thus removing potential PCR inhibitors and eluting the DNA from the FTA card for downstream PCR analysis. The detection limit was evaluated over a period of 30 trials on calf starter mix and heifer starter ration feed samples spiked with known concentrations of BMBM. The PCR detection assay detected 0.05% wt/wt BMBM contamination with 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 100% confidence. Concentrations of 0.005% and 0.001% wt/wt BMBM contamination were also detected in both feed types but with varying levels of confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Rensen
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Abstract
A sensitive and rapid method for the quantitative detection of bovine-, ovine-, swine-, and chicken-specific mitochondrial DNA sequences based on real-time PCR has been developed. The specificity of the primers and probes for real-time PCR has been tested using DNA samples of other vertebrate species that may also be present in rendered products. The quantitative detection was performed with dual-labeled probes (TaqMan) using absolute quantification with external standards of single species meat-and-bone meals. This method facilitates the detection of 0.01% of the target species-derived material in concentrate feed mixtures and fish meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Krcmar
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 32 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Kusama T, Nomura T, Kadowaki K. Development of primers for detection of meat and bone meal in ruminant feed and identification of the animal of origin. J Food Prot 2004; 67:1289-92. [PMID: 15222567 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-67.6.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The safe use of cattle feed free from meat and bone meal is an important prerequisite to prevent further spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. We designed primers to detect very small amounts of meat and bone meal in ruminant feed. Mitochondrial subunit 8 of the ATP synthase gene was used as a target sequence. PCR-based assays revealed amplification of DNA from mammals, ruminants, and individual species using these primers. The method allowed detection of the presence of meat and bone meal in ruminant feed from 0.1 to 0.01%. Sensitivity and effectiveness of the method for detecting prohibited animal proteins in ruminant feed was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kusama
- Fertilizer and Feed Inspection Services, 2-1 Shintoshin, Chuo, Saitama, Saitama 330-9733, Japan.
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Dalmasso A, Fontanella E, Piatti P, Civera T, Rosati S, Bottero MT. A multiplex PCR assay for the identification of animal species in feedstuffs. Mol Cell Probes 2004; 18:81-7. [PMID: 15051116 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2003.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2003] [Accepted: 09/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay was applied to feedstuff analysis for the identification of the most used species in rendering plants (ruminant, poultry, fish and pork materials). Primers were designed in different regions of mitochondrial DNA (12S rRNA, tRNA Val and 16S rRNA) after alignment of the available sequences in the GenBank database. The primers generated specific fragments of 104-106, 183, 220-230 and 290 bp length for ruminants, poultry, fish and pork, respectively. The detection limit was 0.004% for fish primers and 0.002% for ruminants, poultry and pork primers. The multiplex PCR proposed in this study can be considered a valid alternative to the microscopic method for the detection of animal derived materials banned by a European Union Regulation as a preventive measure against the spread of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dalmasso
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, Grugliasco, Turin 10095, Italy
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Myers MJ, Farrell DE, Heller DN, Yancy HF. Development of a polymerase chain reaction-based method to identify species-specific components in dog food. Am J Vet Res 2004; 65:99-103. [PMID: 14719710 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether there is a relationship between species-specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), especially canine and feline mtDNA, and detectable amounts of pentobarbital in previously analyzed dog food samples. SAMPLE POPULATION 31 dog food samples previously analyzed for pentobarbital (limit of detection, 1 microg/kg). PROCEDURE Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was performed on dog food samples by use of PCR primers specific for either canine, feline, equine, bovine, porcine, ovine, or poultry mtDNA. RESULTS PCR amplicons specific for feline or canine mtDNA at a 0.007% (70 microg/g [wt/wt basis]) or 0.0007% (7 microg/g) level, respectively, were not found in the 31 dog food samples. Most of the 31 dog food samples had a PCR amplicon on PCR analysis when a PCR primer set capable of simultaneously detecting mtDNA of cows, pigs, sheep, goats, deer, elk, and horses was used. Results of PCR analysis by use of primers specific for bovine, swine, sheep and goat, or horse mtDNA revealed amplicons specific for bovine or swine mtDNA only in 27 of the 31 samples. Analysis of the remaining 4 samples failed to yield amplicons for any mammalian mtDNA. Pentobarbital was detected in 2 of these 4 samples. Results of PCR analysis correlated with the stated ingredient list for most, but not all samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Because canine and feline mtDNA were not found in a set of retail dog food samples, these results indicate that the source of pentobarbital in dog food is something other than proteins from rendered pet remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Myers
- Division of Animal Research, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
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PCR-based fingerprinting techniques for rapid detection of animal species in meat products. Meat Sci 2004; 66:659-65. [DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(03)00186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2003] [Accepted: 07/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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