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Kgoale DM, Duvenage S, Du Plessis EM, Gokul JK, Korsten L. Serotype Distribution, Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Genes, and Genetic Diversity of Salmonella spp. Isolated from small-scale Leafy Green Vegetable Supply Chains in South Africa. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100195. [PMID: 37977503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella have been implicated in foodborne disease outbreaks globally and is a pressing concern in the South African small-scale sector due to inadequate hygiene standards and limited regulatory oversight, leading to a higher risk of foodborne diseases. By investigating irrigation water and leafy green vegetables produced by small-scale growers and sold through unregulated supply chains, this study was able to determine the presence, serotype distribution, virulence gene profiles, antibiotic resistance, and genetic diversity of Salmonella isolated from these sources. From 426 samples, 21 Salmonella-positive samples were identified, providing 53 Salmonella isolates. Of these, six different Salmonella serotypes and sequence types (STs) were identified, including Salmonella II 42:r: ST1208 (33.96%; n = 18), Salmonella Enteritidis: ST11 (22.64%; n = 12), Salmonella II 42:z29: ST4395 (16.98%; n = 9), Salmonella Havana: ST1524 (15.09%; n = 8), Salmonella Typhimurium: ST19 (9.43%; n = 5), and Salmonella IIIb 47:i:z: ST7890 (1.89%; n = 1). A total of 92.45% of the isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant, showing high rates of resistance to aztreonam (88.68%; n = 47), ceftazidime (86.79%; n = 46), nalidixic acid (77.36%; n = 41), cefotaxime (75.47%; n = 40), cefepime (71.70%; n = 38), and streptomycin (69.81%; n = 37). All isolates possessed the aac(6')-Iaa antimicrobial resistance gene, with a range of between 9 and 256 virulence genes. Eleven cluster patterns were observed from Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus sequence analyses, demonstrating high diversity among the Salmonella spp., with water and fresh produce isolates clustering, suggesting water as a potential contamination source. Plasmid replicon types were identified in 41.51% (n = 22) of the isolates, including Col(pHAD28) in Salmonella Havana (5.66%; n = 3), Col156 in Salmonella II 42:z29:- (1.89%; n = 1) and both IncFIB(S) and IncFII(S) in Salmonella Enteritidis (22.64; n = 12), Salmonella Typhimurium (9.43%; n = 5), and Salmonella Havana (1.89%; n = 1). This study highlights the presence of multidrug-resistant and multivirulent Salmonella spp. in the small-scale leafy green vegetable supply chains, underscoring the need for the development of a "fit-for-purpose" food safety management system within this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degracious M Kgoale
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, South Africa
| | - Stacey Duvenage
- Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, South Africa; Food and Markets Department, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Erika M Du Plessis
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, South Africa
| | - Jarishma K Gokul
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lise Korsten
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, South Africa.
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Naz F, Ahmad A, Sarwar Y, Khan MM, Schierack P, Rauf W, Ali A. Characterization of Salmonella enterica Biofilms and Antibiofilm Effect of Carvacrol and 2-Aminobenzimidazole. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:52-60. [PMID: 37819687 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-associated foodborne Salmonella infections in poultry have become increasingly challenging for veterinarians, particularly in developing countries, and warrant thorough investigation. We assessed the biofilm-forming tendency of poultry isolates of Salmonella enterica, namely Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 23), Salmonella Infantis (n = 28), and Salmonella Heidelberg (n = 18), in nutrient-rich Rappaport-Vassiliadis Soya (RVS) peptone broth and nutrient-deficient diluted Tryptone Soya Broth (TSB). Seven of the tested isolates exhibited moderate biofilm formation in diluted TSB, whereas two showed such formation in RVS. In addition, the Congo red agar assay revealed curli and cellulose production in seven isolates. Fourteen specific biofilm-associated genes were analyzed identifying sdiA and seqA to be the most prevalent (100%), and glyA the least prevalent (69.5%). The prevalence of the genes bcsA and csgA was significantly lower in moderate and weak biofilm formers, respectively, as compared with nonbiofilm formers in RVS peptone broth. Furthermore, the compounds carvacrol and 2-aminobenzimidazole (2-ABI) effectively inhibited biofilm formation by Salmonella serovars in RVS peptone and TSB media, respectively. Whereas the antibiofilm activity of 2-ABI against Salmonella has not been reported previously, we determined its most effective concentration at 1.5 mM among tested antibiofilm treatments. These findings indicate that Salmonella strains prevalent in poultry farms have the potential to form biofilms, and the tested compounds should be further explored as supportive or alternative antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fizza Naz
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasra Sarwar
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Moman Khan
- Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schierack
- Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Waqar Rauf
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ali
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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3
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Khan MNK, Das MR, Sabur MA, Rahman MM, Uddin MB, Cho HS, Hossain MM. Isolation, identification, molecular detection and sensitivity to antibiotics of Salmonella from cattle faeces. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2019-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed with the aim of isolation and identification of Salmonella by con-ventional culture method and their confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibacte-rial sensitivity study of isolated Salmonella from cattle faeces was also performed. During the study period of July 2017 to June 2018, a total of 200 faecal samples were collected from different government and private farms in Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Out of 200 samples, 24 (12%) were found to be positive for Salmonella by conventional culture methods. Among the twenty four suspected colonies of Salmonella, seventeen were confirmed by biochemical test and same number was detected by PCR estimating a prevalence of 8.5% (17/200). The prevalence was high-er in calves under 1 year of age (16%) compared with older animals (11.25% of 1–2 years; 10% of above 2 years of age) but without statistically significant differences (χ2=4.835, P=0.089). Moreo-ver, in diarrhoeic animals the prevalence was significantly higher (32.14%, χ2=49.414, P<0.01) than in apparently healthy animals (8.72%). The antibiotic sensitivity test showed that highest number of Salmonella isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (100%), gentamicin (100%) and neomycin (100%). On the other hand, significantly high resistance of Salmonella isolates was detected to erythromycin (100%), amoxicillin (100%), cotrimoxazole (81.48%), streptomycin (62.96%) followed by tetracycline (55.56%).
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Gavriil A, Paramithiotis S, Skordaki A, Tsiripov E, Papaioannou A, Skandamis PN. Prior exposure to different combinations of pH and undissociated acetic acid can affect the induced resistance of Salmonella spp. strains in mayonnaise stored under refrigeration and the regulation of acid-resistance related genes. Food Microbiol 2020; 95:103680. [PMID: 33397612 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The innate and inducible resistance of six Salmonella strains (4/74, FS8, FS115, P167807, ATCC 13076, WT) in mayonnaise at 5 °C following adaptation to different pH/undissociated acetic acid (UAA) combinations (15mM/pH5.0, 35mM/pH5.5, 45mM/pH6.0) was investigated. The inherent and acid-induced responses were strain-dependent. Two strains (ATCC 13076, WT), albeit not the most resistant innately, exhibited the most prominent adaptive potential. Limited/no adaptability was observed regarding the rest strains, though being more resistant inherently. The individual effect of pH and UAA adaptation in the phenotypic and transcriptomic profiles of ATCC 13076 and WT was further examined. The type (pH, UAA) and magnitude of stress intensity affected their responses. Variations in the type and magnitude of stress intensity also determined the relative gene expression of four genes (adiA, cadB, rpoS, ompR) implicated in Salmonella acid resistance mechanisms. adiA and cadB were overexpressed following adaptation to some treatments; rpoS and ompR were downregulated following adaptation to 15mM/pH5.0 and 35mM/pH5.5, respectively. Nonetheless, the transcriptomic profiles did not always correlate with the corresponding phenotypes. In conclusion, strain variations in Salmonella are extensive. The ability of the strains to adapt and induce resistant phenotypes and acid resistance-related genes is affected by the type and magnitude of the stress applied during adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkmini Gavriil
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 11855, Greece
| | - Spiros Paramithiotis
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 11855, Greece
| | - Asimina Skordaki
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 11855, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsiripov
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 11855, Greece
| | - Adamantia Papaioannou
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 11855, Greece
| | - Panagiotis N Skandamis
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 11855, Greece.
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Xia Z, Geng H, Cai Y, Wang Y, Sun D, Zhang J, Pan Z, Jiao X, Geng S. A McAb-Based Direct Competitive ELISA to Detect O:9 Salmonella Infection in Chicken. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:324. [PMID: 32719811 PMCID: PMC7350390 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella pullorum belonging to Group O9Salmonella are major causative agents of infectious diseases in chicken. O9 antigen as a part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a predominant detected target for Salmonella infection. To identify the infection, an anti-O9 monoclonal antibody (McAb)-based direct competitive enzyme-linked assay (O9 Dc-ELISA) was developed after constraints were optimized; the establishment and application of O9 Dc-ELISA, compared to two commercial kits and plate agglutination test (PAT), showed that O9 Dc-ELISA could screen out more positive samples than the PAT method could and produce the same agreement rates with commercial kits in terms of sensitivity in addition to strong specificity to clinical serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemiao Xia
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haopeng Geng
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yaonan Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daquan Sun
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin'an Jiao
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shizhong Geng
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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6
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Genome analysis reveals insights into high-resistance and virulence of Salmonella Enteritidis involved in foodborne outbreaks. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 306:108269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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7
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Werlang GO, Haubert L, Peter CM, Cardoso M. Isolation of Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus from salami sold at street fairs in Porto Alegre, Brazil. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000072019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Salami is a ready-to-eat (RTE) product frequently purchased at street fairs in Porto Alegre. Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CPS) are important causes of foodborne disease and can be transmitted through the consumption of RTE foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of these pathogens in salami sold at street fairs. Ninety salami samples from three commercial brands available at street fairs were analyzed by routine bacteriological methods for Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp., as well as enumeration of CPS. In addition, two samples from each commercial brand were analyzed for water activity (aw). Samples of brand A showed aw values (0.938 and 0.942) above those set by the legislation, while brand B (0.849 and 0.860) and brand C (0.826 and 0.854) were compliant. Microbiological analyses showed that 67.7% were negative to all investigated bacteria. Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from 4.4% (4/90) of salami samples, all from commercial brand A. Listeria monocytogenes was detected in 3.3% (3/90) of samples, from commercial brands B and C. Moreover, 7.7% (7/90) of samples contained CPS populations non-compliant with legislation. Although the great majority of salami sold at street fairs of Porto Alegre was compliant with standards, S. enterica, L. monocytogenes, and CPS ≥ 5 × 103 cfu.g-1 could be found in this RTE product. Therefore, control measures in the processing industry and consumer’s education about foodborne illness prevention should be maintained.
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8
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Long M, Lai H, Deng W, Zhou K, Li B, Liu S, Fan L, Wang H, Zou L. Disinfectant susceptibility of differentSalmonellaserotypes isolated from chicken and egg production chains. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:672-81. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Long
- College of Resources; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- The Laboratory of Microbiology; Dujiangyan Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University; Dujiangyan Sichuan China
| | - H. Lai
- College of Food Science; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an China
| | - W. Deng
- The Laboratory of Microbiology; Dujiangyan Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University; Dujiangyan Sichuan China
| | - K. Zhou
- College of Food Science; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an China
| | - B. Li
- The Laboratory of Microbiology; Dujiangyan Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University; Dujiangyan Sichuan China
| | - S. Liu
- College of Food Science; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an China
| | - L. Fan
- The Laboratory of Microbiology; Dujiangyan Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University; Dujiangyan Sichuan China
| | - H. Wang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; School of Life Science; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - L. Zou
- College of Resources; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- The Laboratory of Microbiology; Dujiangyan Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University; Dujiangyan Sichuan China
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9
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Rossi EM, Beilke L, Kochhann M, Sarzi DH, Tondo EC. Biosurfactant Produced by Salmonella Enteritidis SE86 Can Increase Adherence and Resistance to Sanitizers on Lettuce Leaves (Lactuca sativa L., cichoraceae). Front Microbiol 2016; 7:9. [PMID: 26834727 PMCID: PMC4722381 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis SE86 is an important foodborne pathogen in Southern Brazil and it is able to produce a biosurfactant. However, the importance of this compound for the microorganism is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the biosurfactant produced by S. Enteritidis SE86 on adherence to slices of lettuce leaves and on resistance to sanitizers. First, lettuce leaves were inoculated with S. Enteritidis SE86 in order to determine the amount of biosurfactant produced. Subsequently, lettuce leaves were inoculated with S. Enteritidis SE86 with and without the biosurfactant, and the adherence and bacterial resistance to different sanitization methods were evaluated. S. Enteritidis SE86 produced biosurfactant after 16 h (emulsification index of 11 to 52.15 percent, P < 0.05) and showed greater adherence capability and resistance to sanitization methods when the compound was present. The scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that S. Enteritidis was able to adhere, form lumps, and invade the lettuce leaves' stomata in the presence of the biosurfactant. Results indicated that the biosurfactant produced by S. Enteritidis SE86 contributed to adherence and increased resistance to sanitizers when the microorganism was present on lettuce leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliandra M Rossi
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa CatarinaSão Miguel do Oeste, Brazil; Laboratório de Microbiologia e Controle de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luniele Beilke
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina São Miguel do Oeste, Brazil
| | - Marília Kochhann
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina São Miguel do Oeste, Brazil
| | - Diana H Sarzi
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina São Miguel do Oeste, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Tondo
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Controle de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
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10
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Aribam SD, Ogawa Y, Matsui H, Hirota J, Okamura M, Akiba M, Shimoji Y, Eguchi M. Monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies to O:4 Salmonella in the sera of livestock and poultry. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 108:1-3. [PMID: 25447889 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Serotyping is an important element for surveillance of Salmonella. In this study, an anti-O:4 Salmonella monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that could identify Salmonella infection in cow, pig, horse, and chicken was developed. This detection system can therefore be useful for a wide range of animals and for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarmistha Devi Aribam
- Bacterial and Parasitic Disease Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Ogawa
- Bacterial and Parasitic Disease Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences and Graduate School of Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Jiro Hirota
- Bacterial and Parasitic Disease Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Masashi Okamura
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Masato Akiba
- Bacterial and Parasitic Disease Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shimoji
- Bacterial and Parasitic Disease Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Masahiro Eguchi
- Bacterial and Parasitic Disease Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
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11
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Park SH, Aydin M, Khatiwara A, Dolan MC, Gilmore DF, Bouldin JL, Ahn S, Ricke SC. Current and emerging technologies for rapid detection and characterization of Salmonella in poultry and poultry products. Food Microbiol 2014; 38:250-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Palhares JCP, Kich JD, Bessa MC, Biesus LL, Berno LG, Triques NJ. Salmonella and antimicrobial resistance in an animal-based agriculture river system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 472:654-661. [PMID: 24317171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the Salmonella serovars and antimicrobial resistance within an animal-based agriculture river system. The study area consisted of a 1,345 ha upper part of Pinhal catchment. A total of 384 samples were collected in four years of monitoring. Salmonella was isolated from 241 samples (62.7%), resulting in 324 isolates. The highest number of Salmonella sp. occurred in samples associated with sites with high stoking density animal unit per hectare. It was possible to demonstrate the variability of serovars in the study area: 30 different serovars were found and at least 11 per monitoring site. Thirty-three potentially related isolates were genotyped by PFGE, one major clone was observed in serovar Typhimurium, which occurred in animal feces (swine and bovine), and different sites and samplings proving the cross-contamination and persistence of this specific clone. Among 180 isolates submitted to an antimicrobial susceptibility test, 50.5% were susceptible to all 21 antimicrobials tested and 54 different profiles were found. In the current study, 49.5% of the tested isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and multi-resistance occurred in 18% of isolates. Results indicate a close interaction between animal-based agriculture, Salmonella, and antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marjo C Bessa
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Ferreira FS, Horvath MB, Tondo EC. Assessing the growth and recovery of Salmonella Enteritidis SE86 after sodium dichloroisocyanurate exposure. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 44:785-90. [PMID: 24516446 PMCID: PMC3910189 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013000300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the growth and the recovery of Salmonella (S.) Enteritidis SE86 in different diluents, culture media and using different plating methods after the exposure to 200 mg/kg sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC). Before and after NaDCC exposure, SE86 was cultured at 30 °C and 7 °C in the following diluents: Peptone water (P), Saline solution (SaS), Peptone water+Saline solution (P+SaS), Peptone water+Tween 80+Lecithin+Sodium thiosulfate (P+N) and Saline solution+Tween 80+Lecithin+Sodium thiosulfate (SaS+N). The SaS diluent was chosen because it was able to maintain cells viable without growth and was further used for plating SE86 on non selective medium (Tryptic Soy Agar-TSA) and on selective media (Mannitol Lysine Crystal Violet Brilliant Green Agar-MLCB; Brilliant Green Agar-BGA; Salmonella Shigella Agar-SS and Xylose Lysine Dextrose–XLD). The Thin Agar Layer method (TAL) i.e., selective media overlayed with non selective TSA was also evaluated. Results indicated that SE86 not exposed to NaDCC was able to grow in P, P+N, SaS+N and P+SaS, but not in SaS, that was able to maintain cells viable. SE86 exposed to NaDCC demonstrated similar counts after dilution in SaS and the plating on non selective TSA, selective media MLCB, BGA, SS and XLD and on TAL media. SE86, S. Typhimurium and S. Bredeney, exposed or not exposed to NaDCC, showed no significant differences in counts on TSA, XLD and XLD overlayed with TSA, suggesting that all those media may be used to quantify NaDCC-exposed Salmonella by plating method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Stoduto Ferreira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Controle de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bandeira Horvath
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Controle de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cesar Tondo
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Controle de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Scapin D, Grando WF, Rossi EM, Perez KJ, Malheiros PDS, Tondo EC. Antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA10 against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis SE86 in mice. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:57-61. [PMID: 24159284 PMCID: PMC3804178 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013005000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of the main pathogens responsible for foodborne illness in Brazil. Probiotic bacteria can play a role in defense and recovery from enteropathogenic infections. In this study, the ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA10 to colonise and exert antagonistic effects in the gastrointestinal tract was tested before and during experimental infection in conventional mice contaminated with S. Enteritidis (SE86). A dose of 0.1 mL containing 108 viable cells of SE86 and L. acidophilus LA10 was orally administered by gavage to mice. The experiment was divided into groups. As a negative control, Group 1 was administered only sterile saline solution. As a positive control, Group 2 was administered only SE86. Group 3 was first administered SE86, and after 10 days, treated with L. acidophilus LA10. Group 4 was first administered L. acidophilus LA10, and after 10 days, challenged with SE86. The results demonstrated that a significant number of SE86 cells were able to colonize the gastrointestinal tract of mice, specifically in the colon and ileum. L. acidophilus LA10 demonstrated an antagonistic effect against SE86, with better results observed for Group 3 over Group 4. Thus, L. acidophilus LA10 shows potential antagonistic effects against S. Enteritidis SE86, especially if administered after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Scapin
- Laboratório de Pesquisa e Diagnóstico em Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, São Miguel do Oeste, SC, Brazil
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15
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Gomes BC, Franco BDGDM, De Martinis ECP. Microbiological Food Safety Issues in Brazil: Bacterial Pathogens. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:197-205. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Carrer Gomes
- Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Oliveira FA, Pasqualotto AP, da Silva WP, Tondo EC. Characterization of Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from human samples. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Ritter AC, Bacciu D, Santi L, Silva WOBD, Vainstein MH, Rubino S, Uzzau S, Tondo EC. Investigation of rpoS and dps genes in sodium hypochlorite resistance of Salmonella Enteritidis SE86 isolated from foodborne illness outbreaks in southern Brazil. J Food Prot 2012; 75:437-42. [PMID: 22410215 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, Salmonella Enteritidis is one of the principal microorganisms responsible for foodborne disease. The present study was conducted to compare the sodium hypochlorite resistance of Salmonella Enteritidis SE86 with that of other strains of Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from different regions of the world and to investigate the involvement of the rpoS and dps genes in resistance to this disinfectant. We tested five Salmonella Enteritidis wild-type (WT) strains isolated from different countries, two mutant strains of Salmonella Enteritidis SE86, and two tagged (3XFLAG) strains of Salmonella Enteritidis SE86 for their resistance to sodium hypochlorite (200 ppm). The survival of the WT and attenuated strains was determined based on bacterial counts, and tagged proteins (Dps and RpoS) were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with anti-FLAG antibodies. None of the WT strains of Salmonella Enteritidis were totally inactivated after 20 min. The SE86 strain lacking dps was more sensitive to sodium hypochlorite than was the WT SE86 strain, with a 2-log reduction in counts after 1 min. The RpoS and Dps proteins were actively expressed under the conditions tested, indicating that in Salmonella Enteritidis SE86 these genes, which are expressed when in contact with sodium hypochlorite, are related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Ritter
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Controle de Alimentos, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
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Millezi AF, Caixeta DS, Rossoni DF, Cardoso MDG, Piccoli RH. In vitro antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils thymus vulgaris, cymbopogon citratus and laurus nobilis against five important foodborne pathogens. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-20612012005000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several essential oils of condiment and medicinal plants possess proven antimicrobial activity and are of important interest for the food industry. Therefore, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of those oils should be determined for various bacteria. MIC varies according to the oil used, the major compounds, and the physiology of the bacterium under study. In the present study, the essential oils of the plants Thymus vulgaris (time), Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) and Laurus nobilis (bay) were chemically quantified, and the MIC was determined on the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19117, Salmonella enterica Enteritidis S64, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The essential oil of C. citratus demonstrated bacterial activity at all concentrations tested and against all of the bacteria tested. The majority of essential oil compounds were geranial and neral. The major constituent of T. vulgaris was 1.8-cineol and of L. nobilis was linalool, which presented lower antibacterial activity, followed by 1.8-cineol. The Gram-negative bacteria demonstrated higher resistance to the use of the essential oils tested in this study. E. coli was the least sensitive and was inhibited only by the oils of C. citratus and L. nobilis.
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PEREZ KARLAJ, MARTINS FLAVIANOS, CARA DENISEC, NICOLI JACQUESR, TONDO EDUARDOC. EVALUATION OF INTESTINAL INVASION IN GERM-FREE MICE CHALLENGED WITH ACID-ADAPTED AND NONACID-ADAPTED SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS SE86 AND SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM ST99. J Food Saf 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2011.00355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Sant’Ana AS, Landgraf M, Destro MT, Franco BD. Prevalence and counts of Salmonella spp. in minimally processed vegetables in São Paulo, Brazil. Food Microbiol 2011; 28:1235-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mürmann L, Corbellini LG, Collor AÁ, Cardoso M. Quantitative risk assessment for human salmonellosis through the consumption of pork sausage in Porto Alegre, Brazil. J Food Prot 2011; 74:553-8. [PMID: 21477468 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative microbiology risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the risk of Salmonella infection to consumers of fresh pork sausages prepared at barbecues in Porto Alegre, Brazil. For the analysis, a prevalence of 24.4% positive pork sausages with a level of contamination between 0.03 and 460 CFU g(-1) was assumed. Data related to frequency and habits of consumption were obtained by a questionnaire survey given to 424 people. A second-order Monte Carlo simulation separating the uncertain parameter of cooking time from the variable parameters was run. Of the people interviewed, 87.5% consumed pork sausage, and 85.4% ate it at barbecues. The average risk of salmonellosis per barbecue at a minimum cooking time of 15.6 min (worst-case scenario) was 6.24 × 10(-4), and the risk assessed per month was 1.61 × 10(-3). Cooking for 19 min would fully inactivate Salmonella in 99.9% of the cases. At this cooking time, the sausage reached a mean internal temperature of 75.7°C. The results of the quantitative microbiology risk assessment revealed that the consumption of fresh pork sausage is safe when cooking time is approximately 19 min, whereas undercooked pork sausage may represent a nonnegligible health risk for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandra Mürmann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, 90540-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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22
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Tondo EC, Machado TRM, Malheiros PDS, Padrão DK, de Carvalho AL, Brandelli A. Adhesion and biocides inactivation of Salmonella on stainless steel and polyethylene. Braz J Microbiol 2010; 41:1027-37. [PMID: 24031583 PMCID: PMC3769753 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220100004000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The adhesion of Salmonella (S.) strains to stainless steel and polyethylene and their inactivation by biocides used in food industry was investigated. Coupons of stainless steel and polyethylene were immersed in bacterial suspensions of S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Bredeney during 15, 30, and 60 minutes, and submitted to different concentrations of peracetic acid (PAA), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and quaternary ammonium (Quat) sanitizers. Hydrophobicity of the surfaces was evaluated by contact angle measurements using the sessile drop method and bacterial adhesion was accompanied through bacterial counts and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated that the three serovars of Salmonella presented similar adhesion to both materials (5.0 to 6.5 log cfu cm(-2)). The time of exposure did not influence the counts of adhered cells on both surfaces, however SEM revealed larger clusters of S. Enteritidis on both materials, not found for the other serovars. S. Enteritidis presented lower sessile drop angle on polyethylene, indicating hydrophilic properties of this material. The biocides were not able to inactivate all the microorganisms adhered on both surfaces. At least 1 log cfu cm(-2) of all serovars tested remained viable after the exposure to different biocide concentrations. In general, higher counts of survivors were observed on polyethylene disinfected with different concentrations of biocides. S. Bredeney e S. Typhimurium were more resistant than S. Enteritidis to PAA, whilst S. Enteritidis presented smaller reduction rates to NaOCl. This last biocide was able to reduce Salmonella counts in approximately 3.0 to 4.0 log cm(-2). When adhered to polyethylene, the serovars S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis were more resistant to Quat than S. Bredeney in all concentrations tested, and the numbers of S. Enteritidis remained almost unaltered. On stainless steel disinfected by Quat, S. Bredeney presented higher numbers of survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cesar Tondo
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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23
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Prevalence of Salmonella enterica in poultry and eggs in Uruguay during an epidemic due to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:2413-23. [PMID: 20484605 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02137-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is frequently associated with food-borne disease worldwide. Poultry-derived products are a major source. An epidemic of human infection with S. Enteritidis occurred in Uruguay, and to evaluate the extent of poultry contamination, we conducted a nationwide survey over 2 years that included the analysis of sera from 5,751 birds and 12,400 eggs. Serological evidence of infection with Salmonella group O:9 was found in 24.4% of the birds. All positive sera were retested with a gm flagellum-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and based on these results, the national prevalence of S. Enteritidis infection was estimated to be 6.3%. Salmonellae were recovered from 58 of 620 pools made up of 20 eggs each, demonstrating a prevalence of at least 1 in every 214 eggs. Surprisingly, the majority of the isolates were not S. Enteritidis. Thirty-nine isolates were typed as S. Derby, 9 as S. Gallinarum, 8 as S. Enteritidis, and 2 as S. Panama. Despite the highest prevalence in eggs, S. Derby was not isolated from humans in the period of analysis, suggesting a low capacity to infect humans. Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis of S. Derby and S. Enteritidis revealed more than 350 genetic differences. S. Derby lacked pathogenicity islands 13 and 14, the fimbrial lpf operon, and other regions encoding metabolic functions. Several of these regions are present not only in serovar Enteritidis but also in all sequenced strains of S. Typhimurium, suggesting that these regions might be related to the capacity of Salmonella to cause food-borne disease.
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PEREZ KARLAJOSEANE, CECCON RAQUELVALIM, DA SILVA MALHEIROS PATRÍCIA, JONG ERNAVOGT, CESAR TONDO EDUARDO. INFLUENCE OF ACID ADAPTATION ON THE SURVIVAL OFSALMONELLAENTERITIDIS ANDSALMONELLATYPHIMURIUM IN SIMULATED GASTRIC FLUID AND INRATTUS NORVEGICUSINTESTINE INFECTION. J Food Saf 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2010.00215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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25
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Lappe R, Motta AS, Sant'Anna V, Brandelli A. Inhibition of Salmonella Enteritidis by cerein 8A, EDTA and sodium lactate. Int J Food Microbiol 2009; 135:312-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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CASARIN LETÍCIASOPEÑA, TONDO EDUARDOCÉSAR, KLEIN MANUELAPOLETTO, BRANDELLI ADRIANO. SURVIVAL OFESCHERICHIA COLI, STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUSANDSALMONELLAENTERITIDIS IN FROZEN CHICKEN HAMBURGER. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4573.2009.00162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Clonal relationship among Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis involved in foodborne outbreaks in Southern Brazil. Food Control 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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MALHEIROS P, BRANDELLI A, NOREÑA C, TONDO E. ACID AND THERMAL RESISTANCE OF ASALMONELLA ENTERITIDISSTRAIN INVOLVED IN SEVERAL FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS. J Food Saf 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2009.00158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Mürmann L, dos Santos MC, Cardoso M. Prevalence, genetic characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from fresh pork sausages in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Food Control 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Midorikawa Y, Newton PN, Nakamura S, Phetsouvanh R, Midorikawa K. A phenomenon useful for the detection of Salmonella implementing a device from citrus extracts. Trop Med Health 2009. [DOI: 10.2149/tmh.2008-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Mürmann L, Dos Santos MC, Longaray SM, Both JMC, Cardoso M. Quantification and molecular characterization of Salmonella isolated from food samples involved in salmonellosis outbreaks in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2008; 39:529-34. [PMID: 24031261 PMCID: PMC3768449 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220080003000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Revised: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Data concerning the prevalence and populations of Salmonella in foods implicated in outbreaks may be important to the development of quantitative microbial risk assessments of individual food products. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to assess the amount of Salmonella sp. in different foods implicated in foodborne outbreaks in Rio Grande do Sul occurred in 2005 and to characterize the isolated strains using phenotypic and genotypic methods. Nineteen food samples involved in ten foodborne outbreaks occurred in 2005, and positive on Salmonella isolation at the Central Laboratory of the Health Department of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, were included in this study. Food samples were submitted to estimation of Salmonella using the Most Probable Number (MPN) technique. Moreover, one confirmed Salmonella colony of each food sample was serotyped, characterized by its XbaI-macrorestriction profile, and submitted to antimicrobial resistance testing. Foods containing eggs, mayonnaise or chicken were contaminated with Salmonella in eight outbreaks. Higher counts (>107 MPN.g-1) of Salmonella were detected mostly in foods containing mayonnaise. The isolation of Salmonella from multiple food items in five outbreaks probably resulted from the cross-contamination, and the high Salmonella counts detected in almost all analyzed samples probably resulted from storing in inadequate temperature. All strains were identified as S. Enteritidis, and presented a unique macrorestriction profile, demonstrating the predominance of one clonal group in foods involved in the salmonellosis outbreaks. A low frequency of antimicrobial resistant S. Enteritidis strains was observed and nalidixic acid was the only resistance marker detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandra Mürmann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS , Brasil
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32
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Bessa MC, Michael GB, Canu N, Canal CW, Cardoso M, Rabsch W, Rubino S. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from pigs in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Res Vet Sci 2007; 83:302-10. [PMID: 17336354 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Revised: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relatedness of porcine Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (S.) serovar Typhimurium strains isolated in Southern Brazil. Sixty-six isolates from pigs belonging to three commercial companies were submitted to phage typing, XbaI-macrorestriction (PFGE), IS200 hybridization, rep-PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and PCR assay targeting the spvR region. All strains presented a unique rep-PCR pattern and 63 strains had a common IS200 profile. One pulse-type (XA) was the most prevalent (39/66 strains) and included strains of phage types DT177, DT192, DT194 and RDNC. The spvR region was detected in three strains, which harboured plasmids of 90 kb. High rates of tetracycline, sulfonamide and streptomycin resistance were found. Isolates from farms located in different geographic regions but associated to the same commercial companies clustered together and presented a common resistance profile. Results suggested that clonal groups of S. Typhimurium are present in pig commercial companies in Southern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo Cado Bessa
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, 90540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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GEIMBA MP, TONDO EC, BRANDELLI A. ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS ISOLATED FROM FOODS INVOLVED IN HUMAN FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS THAT OCCURRED IN THE SOUTH OF BRAZIL, 1999-2000. J Food Saf 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2005.00573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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DE PAULA CHEILAMINEIADANIEL, MARIOT ROBERTAFOGLIATTO, TONDO EDUARDOCESAR. THERMAL INACTIVATION OF SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS BY BOILING AND FRYING EGG METHODS. J Food Saf 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0149-6085.2005.25555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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