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Ding X, Luo X, Khan IM, Yue L, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Covalent modification of γ-cyclodextrin with geraniol: An antibacterial agent with good thermal stability, solubility and biocompatibility. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 237:113841. [PMID: 38492412 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Geraniol (Ger) is an essential oil molecule with excellent biological activity. High hydrophobicity and volatility limit its practical application. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are water-soluble cyclic oligosaccharides with hydrophobic cavities. Physical encapsulation of CDs to improve the solubility and stability of essential oil molecules is not satisfactory. Therefore, this study synthesized the γ-CD derivative (γ-CD-Ger) by grafting Ger onto γ-CD using a bromide-mediated method. Compared to the inclusion complexes (γ-CD/Ger) formed by both, the derivatives exhibit better solubility and thermal stability. The derivative has better antibacterial activity when the ratio of γ-CD to Ger was 1:2. In addition, the derivatives did not exhibit cytotoxic and hemolytic properties. These results indicate that this research provides a water-soluble antibacterial agent with a wide range of promising applications and offers new ideas for the application of alcohol hydrophobic molecules in aqueous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Xuerong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Imran Mahmood Khan
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, PR China.
| | - Lin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing of Sichuan, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China.
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Meat Processing of Sichuan, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China.
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Roman S, Voaides C, Babeanu N. Exploring the Sustainable Exploitation of Bioactive Compounds in Pelargonium sp.: Beyond a Fragrant Plant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4123. [PMID: 38140450 PMCID: PMC10748180 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This review article aims to present an overview regarding the volatile compounds in different scented species of Pelargonium and their biological activities, immunomodulatory activity, cytotoxic activity, high larvicidal activity and ethnopharmacological uses. Although the Pelargonium genus includes many species, we focused only on the scented ones, with the potential to be used in different domains. Pelargonium essential oil showed great properties as antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity (against K. pneumonie, S. aureus or E. coli strains) and antifungal activity (against many fungi including Candida sp.), the responsible compounds for these properties being tannins, flavones, flavonols, flavonoids, phenolic acids and coumarins. Due to the existence of bioactive constituents in the chemical composition of fresh leaves, roots, or flowers of Pelargonium sp. (such as monoterpenoid compounds-citronellol, geraniol, linalool, and flavonoids-myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol), this species is still valuable, the bio-compounds representing the base of innovative substitutes in food processing industry, nutraceuticals, or preventive human or veterinary medicine (substitute of antibiotics). Highlighting the volatile chemical composition and properties of this scented plant aims to rediscover it and to emphasize the vast spectrum of health-promoting constituents for a sustainable approach. Future research directions should point to the application of plant biotechnology with a significant role in conservation strategy and to stimulate commercial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catalina Voaides
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (N.B.); Tel.: +40-722517767 (C.V.); +40-723210879 (N.B.)
| | - Narcisa Babeanu
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (N.B.); Tel.: +40-722517767 (C.V.); +40-723210879 (N.B.)
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Zhuang K, Tang H, Guo H, Yuan S. Geraniol prevents Helicobacterium pylori-induced human gastric cancer signalling by enhancing peroxiredoxin-1 expression in GES-1 cells. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105937. [PMID: 36496058 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a gram-negative bacterial microbiological carcinogen, has been identified as the leading jeopardy feature for developing human gastric cancer (GC). As a result, inhibiting H. pylori growth has been identified as an effective and critical technique for preventing GC development. In this study, geraniol inhibits H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogen signalling in human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1). Geraniol prevents cytotoxicity, ROS and apoptosis in H. pylori-induced GES-1 cells. Furthermore, geraniol protects against H. -induced antioxidant depletion caused by malondialdehyde, damage of reactive DNA and nuclear fragmentation. Geraniol significantly reduced the expression of phosphorylated mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) proteins such as p38 MAPK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 (ERK1), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (c-JNK), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in GES-1 infected with H. pylori. Furthermore, geraniol increased the antioxidant protein peroxiredoxin-1 (Prdx-1) in H. pylori-infected cells. Geraniol thus protects H. pylori-concomitant infection, and its resistance may be a possible method in preventing gastric cancer caused by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, 710003, China.
| | - Hailing Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, 710003, China
| | - Hanqing Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, 710003, China
| | - Shanshan Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, 710003, China
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Venzon L, Meurer MC, Dos Santos França TC, Longo B, Mariott M, Somensi LB, Mariano LNB, Boeing T, Cazarin CA, Pereira LN, de Souza MM, da Silva LM. Geraniol accelerates the gastric healing, minimizes ulcers recurrence, and reduces anxiolytic-like behavior in ulcerated rodents by oral or inhaled route. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:2331-2344. [PMID: 36121588 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geraniol (GE) is dietary acyclic monoterpene alcohol found in essential oils from aromatic plants with therapeutic value against gastric ulcers already described. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE To assess whether oral GE accelerates gastric healing or prevents ulcer recurrence, and to evaluate the hypothesis that GE promotes antiulcer effects by the inhaled route and that promotes changes in the behavior of ulcerated rodents. METHODS Gastric healing effects, underlining mechanisms, and behavioral changes were measured in80% acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer model in rats receiving GE by oral (30 mg/kg) or inhaled route (1 mg/L of air/min); whereas the effects of GE to avoid ulcer recurrence was evaluated in mice submitted to 10% acetic acid plus IL-1β ulcer. RESULTS GE administered by both routes accelerates gastric healing, increasing mucin and GSH levels, CAT, and GST activities, and reducing MPO activity. Moreover, oral, and inhaled GE minimized ulcer recurrence reducing gastric TNF and IL-6 levels and preserving mucin levels. Interestingly, the inhalation or oral intake of GE promotes anxiolytic-like effects in ulcerated rats. CONCLUSION Data altogether suggest that the GE accelerates gastric healing through the strengthening of protective factors of the gastric mucosa, promoting a quality healing that reduces the recurrence of the lesion. Besides, the anxiolytic-like effect of GE may also contribute to its gastric healing action since anxiety is recognized as one of the etiologic agents of ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Venzon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Itajai Valley, Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruna Longo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Itajai Valley, Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Marihá Mariott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Itajai Valley, Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thaise Boeing
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Itajai Valley, Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Camila André Cazarin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Itajai Valley, Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Lucas Natã Pereira
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Itajai Valley, Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcia Maria de Souza
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Itajai Valley, Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Luisa Mota da Silva
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Itajai Valley, Itajai, SC, Brazil.
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Adjuvant antimicrobial activity and resensitization efficacy of geraniol in combination with antibiotics on Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271516. [PMID: 35862390 PMCID: PMC9302793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant use of geraniol, a plant essential oil component, is known to increase the efficacy of antibiotics by acting as a potent inhibitor of efflux mechanisms. In this study, we assessed the effect of a geraniol–antibiotic combination in 21 Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates consisting of high efflux (HE) and low efflux (LE) activity groups. We determined the MIC for geraniol and the four antibiotics and evaluated the adjuvant antimicrobial activity and resensitization efficacy of adjuvant geraniol. Geraniol–antibiotic combinations significantly reduced the MIC of all four antibiotics (P < 0.0001), and the fold change in MIC decreased by 4 to >256-fold for tigecycline, >16 to >4,096-fold for ceftazidime, 1 to >4,096-fold for cefepime, and >2 to >4096-fold for ciprofloxacin. Importantly, geraniol showed adjuvant antimicrobial activity and resensitization efficacy when used in combination with antibiotics in 21 A. baumannii clinical isolates. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the HE and LE groups. Low concentrations (0.125% and 0.0625%) of geraniol showed no cytotoxic or hemolytic activity. Our study shows that geraniol, acting as an antibiotic adjuvant, is a good candidate for in vivo studies of combination therapy for the treatment of MDR/XDR A. baumannii infections.
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Zhang JW, Wang D, Zhang Z, Lu XX, Du YS, Zheng YU, Du SS. Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Properties of Essential Oil Obtained from Artemesia songarica Schrenk. J Food Prot 2022; 85:686-692. [PMID: 35051268 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Artemisia songarica Schrenk is a dominant sand fixation plant growing in the People's Republic of China. At present, there are rare studies on the chemical composition and biological activity of A. songarica. The chemical composition of the original oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and 16 compounds were determined. The main compounds were bisabolol oxide II (28.7%), nerolidol (18.6%), bisabolol (12.9%), bisaboloxide A (10.0%), and spathulenol (6.0%). The contact toxicity and repellent activity of A. songarica essential oil and four selected compounds (bisabolol, geranyl butyrate, nerolidol, and santalol) were assessed against Tribolium castaneum Herbst and Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel. Bioassays showed that the crude essential oil exhibited strong insecticide and repellent activities against both pests. Santalol possessed the strongest contact toxicity (50% lethal dose [LD50] = 1.29 μg per adult) against T. castaneum. Nerolidol, santalol, and geranyl butyrate showed fair contact activity against L. bostrychophila. In particular, geranyl butyrate exhibited outstanding activity (LD50 = 11.53 μg/cm2). In addition, all of the four compounds did not detect a difference between compounds and the positive control (P > 0.05) against two pests at five tested concentrations. These results indicated that A. songarica and its selected compounds could be used as prospective insecticidal and repellent agents for further development and use. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Beijing City University, No. 269 North 4th Ring Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Xin Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Shen Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Y U Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Shan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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Rahmani S, Azimi S. Fumigant toxicity of three Satureja species on tomato leafminers, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1767651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Rahmani
- Department of Plant Protection, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Azimi
- Department of Plant Protection, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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Potentiation of anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of clarithromycin by Pelargonium graveolens oil. Arab J Gastroenterol 2021; 22:224-228. [PMID: 34531132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM Peptic ulcer is one of the most serious diseases in Egypt, affecting more than one-third of the population. Helicobacter pylori is the main organism responsible for peptic ulcer formation. These ulcers can lead to chronic active gastritis and lymphoma. As such, in this study, we evaluate the efficacy of Pelargonium graveolens oil for the treatment of H pylori, as well as its synergistic effects with the antibiotic clarithromycin (CLR). PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated the chemical composition of P. graveolens volatile oil as well as its anti-Helicobacter activities. We assessed the volatile oil components using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. We determined anti-H. pylori potential using a micro-well dilution method. RESULTS We identified 92 compounds from the oil. Citronellol, geraniol, citronellyl formate, and isolongifolan-7-α-ol were the predominant components (15.64%, 11.31%, 10.19%, and 7.84%, respectively). The oil exhibited a good activity against H. pylori at an minimal inhibitory concentration of 15.63 µg/ml. Once we combined the volatile oil with CLR, a significant synergistic effect appeared at an fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.38 µg/ml. CONCLUSION The in-vitro interaction between the P. graveolens oil and CLR improved the antimicrobial activity of the latter, suggesting that further studies are needed to determine formulations for potential antimicrobial applications in food and pharmaceuticals.
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Demeter S, Lebbe O, Hecq F, Nicolis SC, Kenne Kemene T, Martin H, Fauconnier ML, Hance T. Insecticidal Activity of 25 Essential Oils on the Stored Product Pest, Sitophilus granarius. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020200. [PMID: 33498233 PMCID: PMC7909281 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The granary weevil Sitophilus granarius is a stored product pest found worldwide. Environmental damages, human health issues and the emergence of resistance are driving scientists to seeks alternatives to synthetic insecticides for its control. With low mammal toxicity and low persistence, essential oils are more and more being considered a potential alternative. In this study, we compare the toxicity of 25 essential oils, representing a large array of chemical compositions, on adult granary weevils. Bioassays indicated that Allium sativum was the most toxic essential oil, with the lowest calculated lethal concentration 90 (LC90) both after 24 h and 7 days. Gaultheria procumbens, Mentha arvensis and Eucalyptus dives oils appeared to have a good potential in terms of toxicity/cost ratio for further development of a plant-derived biocide. Low influence of exposure time was observed for most of essential oils. The methodology developed here offers the possibility to test a large array of essential oils in the same experimental bioassay and in a standardized way. It is a first step to the development of new biocide for alternative management strategies of stored product pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Demeter
- Biodiversity Research Center, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 4-5 Place Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (O.L.); (F.H.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Olivier Lebbe
- Biodiversity Research Center, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 4-5 Place Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (O.L.); (F.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Florence Hecq
- Biodiversity Research Center, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 4-5 Place Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (O.L.); (F.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Stamatios C. Nicolis
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex System, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, CP 231 bd du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Tierry Kenne Kemene
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, 2 Passage des Déportés, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (T.K.K.); (H.M.); (M.-L.F.)
| | - Henri Martin
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, 2 Passage des Déportés, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (T.K.K.); (H.M.); (M.-L.F.)
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, 2 Passage des Déportés, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; (T.K.K.); (H.M.); (M.-L.F.)
| | - Thierry Hance
- Biodiversity Research Center, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 4-5 Place Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (O.L.); (F.H.); (T.H.)
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Rose Flowers-A Delicate Perfume or a Natural Healer? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010127. [PMID: 33478154 PMCID: PMC7835869 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants from the Rosacea family are rich in natural molecules with beneficial biological properties, and they are widely appreciated and used in the food industry, perfumery, and cosmetics. In this review, we are considering Rosa damascena Mill., Rosa alba L., Rosa centifolia L., and Rosa gallica L. as raw materials important for producing commercial products, analyzing and comparing the main biological activities of their essential oils, hydrolates, and extracts. A literature search was performed to find materials describing (i) botanical characteristics; (ii) the phytochemical profile; and (iii) biological properties of the essential oil sand extracts of these so called “old roses” that are cultivated in Bulgaria, Turkey, India, and the Middle East. The information used is from databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Roses have beneficial healing properties due to their richness of beneficial components, the secondary metabolites as flavonoids (e.g., flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins), fragrant components (essential oils, e.g., monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes), and hydrolysable and condensed tannins. Rose essential oils and extracts with their therapeutic properties—as respiratory antiseptics, anti-inflammatories, mucolytics, expectorants, decongestants, and antioxidants—are able to act as symptomatic prophylactics and drugs, and in this way alleviate dramatic sufferings during severe diseases.
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Bergman ME, Chávez Á, Ferrer A, Phillips MA. Distinct metabolic pathways drive monoterpenoid biosynthesis in a natural population of Pelargonium graveolens. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:258-271. [PMID: 31504760 PMCID: PMC6913739 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pelargonium graveolens is a wild predecessor to rose-scented geranium hybrids prized for their essential oils used as fragrances and flavorings. However, little is known about their biosynthesis. Here we present metabolic evidence that at least two distinct monoterpene biosynthetic pathways contribute to their volatile profiles, namely, cyclic p-menthanes such as (-)-isomenthone and acyclic monoterpene alcohols such as geraniol and (-)-citronellol and their derivatives (referred to here as citronelloid monoterpenes). We established their common origin via the 2C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway but found no indication these pathways share common intermediates beyond geranyl diphosphate. Untargeted volatile profiling of 22 seed-grown P. graveolens lines demonstrated distinct chemotypes that preferentially accumulate (-)-isomenthone, geraniol, or (-)-citronellol along with approximately 85 minor volatile products. Whole plant 13CO2 isotopic labeling performed under physiological conditions permitted us to measure the in vivo rates of monoterpenoid accumulation in these lines and quantify differences in metabolic modes between chemotypes. We further determined that p-menthane monoterpenoids in Pelargonium are likely synthesized from (+)-limonene via (+)-piperitone rather than (+)-pulegone. Exploitation of this natural population enabled a detailed dissection of the relative rates of competing p-menthane and citronelloid pathways in this species, providing real time rates of monoterpene accumulation in glandular trichomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Bergman
- Department of Cellular and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ángel Chávez
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics, (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Ferrer
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics, (CRAG) (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael A Phillips
- Department of Cellular and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto – Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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Al-Assiuty BA, Nenaah GE, Ageba ME. Chemical profile, characterization and acaricidal activity of essential oils of three plant species and their nanoemulsions against Tyrophagus putrescentiae, a stored-food mite. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2019; 79:359-376. [PMID: 31679077 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils of Ocimum basilicum (L.), Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) and Achillea santolina (L.) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS). Oil-in-water nanoemulsions (10% active ingredient) were prepared through a high-energy (ultrasonication) emulsification process. Nanoemulsions were characterized by viscosity, pH, thermodynamic stability, droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. The plant oils and their nanoemulsions showed considerable acaricidal activity against the mold mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae). In a contact toxicity bioassay and 48 h post treatment, O. basilicum oil was the most toxic, followed by A. fragrantissima and A. santolina, where LC50 values were 8.4, 14.1 and 21.8 µl/cm2, respectively. LC50 for benzyl benzoate, a standard acaricide was 9.8 µl/cm2. Upon fumigation, responses also varied according to the test oil. Based on the 48-h LC50 values, the same manner of activity was also observed, where O. basilicum was the most toxic followed by A. fragrantissima and A. santolina. When prepared as nanoemulsions (particle size from 78.5 to 104.6) and tested as fumigants, toxicity of the oils was increased drastically with LC50 values of 2.2, 4.7, and 9.6 µl/l air for O. basilicum, A. fragrantissima and A. santolina, respectively. The oils showed a moderate to strong residual acaricidal activity, where O. basilicum oil was the most effective. The results suggest that appropriate nanoemulsions containing the tested oils can be developed to control T. putrescentiae after the required toxicological assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma A Al-Assiuty
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Gomah E Nenaah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Najran University, Najran, 1988, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed E Ageba
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Arunachalam K, Ramar M, Ramanathan S, Govindaraju A, Shunmugiah KP, Kandasamy R, Arumugam VR. In vivo protective effect of geraniol on colonization of Staphylococcus epidermidis in rat jugular vein catheter model. Pathog Dis 2019; 76:5035816. [PMID: 29893828 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcal infections associated with indwelling medical devices are difficult to eradicate owing to its recalcitrant nature of biofilms to conventional antibiotics. In our earlier study, we reported the efficacy of geraniol (GE) in inhibiting the in vitro biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis and adaptive resistant development. To examine the in vivo potential of GE in eradicating the in vivo colonization of S. epidermidis, an implanted rat jugular vein catheter model was developed. Oral supplementation of GE (GE at 200 mg/kg bw for three days) in rats infected with S. epidermidis exhibited a significant reduction of the bacterial burden in catheter, blood, heart and kidney, when compared to the untreated infection control. In addition, GE supplemented animals showed significantly reduced level of inflammatory markers such as nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in heart and kidney tissues. Furthermore, in contrast to the infection control, histopathology analysis of the heart and kidney tissues of the GE-treated group showed a normal histoarchitecture similar to animal control. Thus, the outcome of the present study exhibits the potential of GE as antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory agent against S. epidermidis infections. Furthermore, elucidating the molecular mechanism of GE is important to exploit the therapeutic efficacy of GE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannappan Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohankumar Ramar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Facility for Drug Development (NFDD) for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasan Ramanathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Archunan Govindaraju
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ruckmani Kandasamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Facility for Drug Development (NFDD) for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veera Ravi Arumugam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Facility for Drug Development (NFDD) for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bhattamisra S, Hooi L, Shyan L, Chieh L, Candasamy M, Sahu P. Effect of geraniol and clarithromycin combination against gastric ulcers induced by acetic acid and Helicobacter pylori in rats. Pharmacognosy Res 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_21_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Protective activity of geraniol against acetic acid and Helicobacter pylori- induced gastric ulcers in rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:206-214. [PMID: 31193983 PMCID: PMC6544613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Geraniol, an active constituent of rose and palmarosa essential oils, possesses several pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial and antiulcer activity. Geraniol was therefore investigated for its antiulcer and anti-Helicobacter pylori activity in rats. Ulcers were induced by injecting acetic acid into the sub-serosal layer of the stomach followed by orogastric inoculation of H. pylori for 7 days. Geraniol (15 and 30 mg/kg), vehicle and a standard drug combination (amoxicillin, 50 mg/kg; clarithromycin, 25 mg/kg and omeprazole, 20 mg/kg) were administered twice daily for 14 days. All the parameters were measured at the end of treatment. The ulcer index was significantly (P < 0.05) lowered in geraniol and standard drug-treated rats as compared to the H. pylori control group (4.13 ± 0.43). Treatment with geraniol (30 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.01) increased the gastric pH along with a reduction in total acidity and gastric juice volume. Geraniol significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the myeloperoxidase activity and augmented the total glutathione level in gastric mucosa. The extent of damage in the stomach was measured using a histopathological score. The score in H. pylori control, geraniol (30 mg/kg) and standard drugs was 9, 3.5 and 2.0 respectively. In the rapid urease test, treatment with geraniol (30 mg/kg) and the standard drugs produced a 33% and 67% cure respectively from H. pylori infection. Further, the reduction in bacterial load in the gastric mucosa was confirmed using modified Giemsa staining. Geraniol was observed to exhibit significant antiulcer and anti-H. pylori activity in a rodent model.
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Kannappan A, Sivaranjani M, Srinivasan R, Rathna J, Pandian SK, Ravi AV. Inhibitory efficacy of geraniol on biofilm formation and development of adaptive resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:1506-1515. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arunachalam Kannappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugesan Sivaranjani
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramanathan Srinivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Janarthanam Rathna
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Arumugam Veera Ravi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pavela R, Maggi F, Mbuntcha H, Woguem V, Fogang HPD, Womeni HM, Tapondjou LA, Barboni L, Nicoletti M, Canale A, Benelli G. Traditional herbal remedies and dietary spices from Cameroon as novel sources of larvicides against filariasis mosquitoes? Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4617-4626. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Santos NOD, Pascon RC, Vallim MA, Figueiredo CR, Soares MG, Lago JHG, Sartorelli P. Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Constituents from the Essential Oil of Lippia alba (Verbenaceae). MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 3:medicines3030022. [PMID: 28930132 PMCID: PMC5456251 DOI: 10.3390/medicines3030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Backgroud:Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) is a plant widely used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. The present work deals with the chemical composition of the crude essential oil extracted from leaves of L. alba and evaluation of its antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Methods: Leaves of L. alba were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) as well as by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of crude essential oil were evaluated in vitro using MTT and broth microdilution assays, respectively. Results: Chemical analysis afforded the identification of 39 substances corresponding to 99.45% of the total oil composition. Concerning the main compounds, monoterpenes nerol/geraniol and citral correspond to approximately 50% of crude oil. The cytotoxic activity of obtained essential oil against several tumor cell lines showed IC50 values ranging from 45 to 64 µg/mL for B16F10Nex2 (murine melanoma) and A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma). In the antimicrobial assay, was observed that all tested yeast strains, except C. albicans, were sensitive to crude essential oil. MIC values were two to four-folds lower than those determined to bacterial strains. Conclusion: Analysis of chemical composition of essential oils from leaves of L. alba suggested a new chemotype nerol/geraniol and citral. Based in biological evidences, a possible application for studied oil as an antifungal in medicine, as well as in agriculture, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara O Dos Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09972-270, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renata C Pascon
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09972-270, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo A Vallim
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09972-270, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos R Figueiredo
- Disciplina de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Micro, Imuno e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marisi G Soares
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-000, MG, Brazil.
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09972-270, SP, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre 09210-180, SP, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Sartorelli
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09972-270, SP, Brazil.
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Study of β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes with volatile molecules geraniol and α-terpineol enantiomers in solid state and in solution. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pereira FDO, Mendes JM, Lima IO, Mota KSDL, Oliveira WAD, Lima EDO. Antifungal activity of geraniol and citronellol, two monoterpenes alcohols, against Trichophyton rubrum involves inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:228-234. [PMID: 25414073 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.913299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Trichophyton rubrum is the most common fungus causing chronic dermatophytosis in humans. Antifungal activity of promising agents is of great interest. Geraniol and citronellol are monoterpenes with antimicrobial properties. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects and possible mechanism of antifungal activity of geraniol and citronellol against strains of T. rubrum. MATERIALS AND METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each drug against 14 strains was determined by broth microdilution. The effects of the drugs on dry mycelial weight, conidial germination, infectivity on human nail fragments, and morphogenesis of T. rubrum were analyzed. The effects on the cell wall (test with sorbitol) and cell membrane (release of intracellular material and ergosterol biosynthesis) were investigated. RESULTS MIC values of geraniol ranged between 16 and 256 µg/mL while citronellol showed MIC values from 8 to 1024 µg/mL. The drugs (MIC and 2 × MIC) inhibited the mycelial growth, conidia germination, and fungal growth on nail fragments. The drugs (half of MIC) induced the formation of wide, short, and crooked hyphae in T. rubrum morphology. With sorbitol, geraniol MIC was increased by 64-fold and citronellol by 32-fold. The drugs caused leakage of intracellular material and inhibited ergosterol biosynthesis. DISCUSSION The results suggest that the drugs damage cell wall and cell membrane of T. rubrum through a mechanism that seems to involve the inhibition of the ergosterol biosynthesis. CONCLUSION This study confirms that geraniol and citronellol can be regarded as potential drugs for controlling T. rubrum growth, with great potential against agents of dermatophytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fillipe de Oliveira Pereira
- Unidade Acadêmica de Saúde, Centro de Educação e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande , Cuité , Brasil and
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Geraniol—a flavoring agent with multifunctional effects in protecting the gastric and duodenal mucosa. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 387:355-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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