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Marjani ME, HMTShirazi R, Mohammadi T. CDI crosslinked chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) electrospun nanofibers loaded with Achillea millefolium and Viola extract: A promising wound dressing. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 336:122117. [PMID: 38670768 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Biopolymer-based electrospun mats, mimicking the extracellular matrix, have been extensively explored in biomedical applications. This study compares Achillea millefolium (AM) and Viola (V) extracts for developing a biocompatible wound dressing. The extracts were incorporated into a Chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) matrix via electrospinning. Crosslinking with Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) improved chemical stability, water resistance, and biodegradability. The resulting mats exhibited flawless interconnected nanofibers, confirming the presence of AM and Viola extracts as analyzed via FTIR. Significant differences were observed between these two herbal extracts, particularly in mechanical properties, with tensile strengths of 6.9 MPa for AM and 17.2 MPa for Viola. Viola extract demonstrated robust antibacterial properties, producing an 8.2 mm inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus, compared to AM's 30 %. The release of therapeutic agents indicated an initial rapid phase, followed by a controlled 72 h release at a consistent rate. Notably, Viola extract led to 80.9 % wound closure on the 10th day, surpassing AM extract at 63.7 %. In contrast, the control group achieved only 32.1 % closure. This comparative study underscores the distinct advantages of AM and Viola extracts in wound dressing applications. While AM presents specific strengths, Viola extract exhibits superior mechanical properties, antibacterial efficacy, and accelerated wound closure, suggesting its potential with significant clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ein Marjani
- Center of Excellence for Membrane Science and Technology, Department of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Romina HMTShirazi
- Center of Excellence for Membrane Science and Technology, Department of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Toraj Mohammadi
- Center of Excellence for Membrane Science and Technology, Department of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, Iran.
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Ilardi V, D'Agostino G, Bruno M. The chemical composition of the aerial parts essential oil of Achillea cretica L. (Asteraceae) growing wild in Crete (Greece). Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1451-1456. [PMID: 36408972 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2148247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Achillea cretica (L.) (Asteraceae) is a suffruticosa camefite plant, mainly distributed in Crete, Aegean Islands, and eastern Mediterranean area. In the present study, the chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of a not previously investigated accession of Achillea cretica, collected in Crete, was analysed by GC-MS. The results showed the presence of large quantity of α-bisabolol (53.88%) followed by the related compound α-bisabolol-oxide (2.76%), and spathulenol (5.94%). Based on the composition of the essential oils of all the other Achillea taxa, several consideration have been carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Ilardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia D'Agostino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca 'Riutilizzo bio-based degli scarti da matrici agroalimentari' (RIVIVE), Università di Palermo, Italy
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Adil M, Dastagir G, Quddoos A, Naseer M, Filimban FZ. HPLC analysis, genotoxic and antioxidant potential of Achillea millefolium L. and Chaerophyllum villosum Wall ex. Dc. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:91. [PMID: 38365652 PMCID: PMC10870592 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methanolic and chloroformic extract of Achillea millefolium and Chaerophyllum villosum were evaluated for HPLC analysis, genotoxic and antioxidant potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genotoxic activity was carried out on human blood lymphocytes via comet assay and antioxidant activity was studied through DPPH method. RESULTS The genotoxic potential of A. millefolium and C. villosum's methanolic and chloroformic extract was analysed using comet assay technique. Comet shaped human lymphocytes cells were observed when treated with different concentrations (50 mg/mL, 75 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL) of methanolic and chloroformic extract of both plants. Reading was taken on the basis of damaged DNA head and tail length. Greater the length of tail as compared to head, greater will be the damage and vice versa. Total comet score was obtained from A. millefolium subjected to different concentrations. After a time interval of 24 h both the extract showed dose dependant genoprotection with maximum genoprotectivity at 98.7 ± 12.7 and 116 ± 5.3 at 50 mg/100 mL for methanolic and chloroformic extract respectively. Similarly Total Comet score was obtained from C. villosum subjected to different concentrations of methanolic and chloroformic extract. After 24 h exhibited dose dependent genoprotection with maximum protectivity at 85.7 ± 22.0 and 101.7 ± 8.6 at 50 mg/100 mL for methanolic and chloroformic extract were determined. The antioxidant activity revealed that methanolic extract of A. millefolium showed highest antioxidant activity (84.21%) at 300 mg/ml after 90 min while the chloroformic extract of C. villosum exhibited highest (68.46%) antioxidant activity (59.69%) at 300 µg/ml after 90 min but less than the standard drug ascorbic acid (88.72%). Quantitative phytochemical screening revealed high percentage of alkaloids (27.4%), Phenols (34.5%), Flavonoids (32.4%) as compared to Tannins (12%) in methanolic extract of A.millefolium. While high percentage of alkaloids (31.4), Phenols (19.3%), Flavonoids (35.5%) as compared to Tannins (16.6%) in chloroformic extract of C. villosum. CONCLUSION The present results showed that A. millefolium and C. villosum possess a number of important compounds and revealed genoprotective property which may be used to treat several genetic disorders such as alzeimer's disease in future (Grodzicki W, Dziendzikowska K, Antioxidants 9(3):229, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adil
- Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
- Centre for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh, Pakistan.
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Ghulam Dastagir
- Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Atifa Quddoos
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naseer
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Faten Zubair Filimban
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Botany, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Raeisi H, Azimirad M, Asadi-Sanam S, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Yadegar A, Zali MR. The anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of Achillea millefolium L. extracts on Clostridioides difficile ribotype 001 in human intestinal epithelial cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:37. [PMID: 38218845 PMCID: PMC10790267 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most common health care-acquired infections. The dramatic increase in antimicrobial resistance of C. difficile isolates has led to growing demand to seek new alternative medicines against CDI. Achillea millefolium L. extracts exhibit strong biological activity to be considered as potential therapeutic agents. In this work, the inhibitory effects of A. millefolium, its decoction (DEC) and ethanol (ETOH) extracts, were investigated on the growth of C. difficile RT001 and its toxigenic cell-free supernatant (Tox-S) induced inflammation and apoptosis. METHODS Phytochemical analysis of extracts was performed by HPLC and GC analysis. The antimicrobial properties of extracts were evaluated against C. difficile RT001. Cell viability and cytotoxicity of Caco-2 and Vero cells treated with various concentrations of extracts and Tox-S were examined by MTT assay and microscopy, respectively. Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of extracts were assessed in Tox-S stimulated Caco-2 cells by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Analysis of the phytochemical profile of extracts revealed that the main component identified in both extracts was chlorogenic acid. Both extracts displayed significant antimicrobial activity against C. difficile RT001. Moreover, both extracts at concentration 50 µg/mL had no significant effect on cell viability compared to untreated cells. Pre-treatment of cells with extracts (50 µg/mL) significantly reduced the percentage of Vero cells rounding induced by Tox-S. Also, both pre-treatment and co-treatment of Tox-S stimulated Caco-2 cells with extracts significantly downregulated the gene expression level of IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, iNOS, Bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3 and upregulated the expression level of Bcl-2. CONCLUSION The results of the present study for the first time demonstrate the antimicrobial activity and protective effects of A. millefolium extracts on inflammatory response and apoptosis induced by Tox-S from C. difficile RT001 clinical strain in vitro. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential application of A. millefolium extracts as supplementary medicine for CDI prevention and treatment in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Raeisi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azimirad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Asadi-Sanam
- Medicinal Plants Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Konarska A, Weryszko-Chmielewska E, Sulborska-Różycka A, Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz A, Dmitruk M, Gorzel M. Herb and Flowers of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium L.: Structure and Histochemistry of Secretory Tissues and Phytochemistry of Essential Oils. Molecules 2023; 28:7791. [PMID: 38067521 PMCID: PMC10708006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Achillea millefolium L. herb and flowers have high biological activity; hence, they are used in medicine and cosmetics. The aim of this study was to perform morpho-anatomical analyses of the raw material, including secretory tissues, histochemical assays of the location of lipophilic compounds, and quantitative and qualitative analysis of essential oil (EO). Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to analyse plant structures. The qualitative analyses of EO were carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results of this study showed the presence of exogenous secretory structures in the raw material, i.e., conical cells (papillae) on the adaxial surface of petal teeth and biseriate glandular trichomes on the surface flowers, bracts, stems, and leaves. Canal-shaped endogenous secretory tissue was observed in the stems and leaves. The histochemical assays revealed the presence of total, acidic, and neutral lipids as well as EO in the glandular trichome cells. Additionally, papillae located at the petal teeth contained neutral lipids. Sesquiterpenes were detected in the glandular trichomes and petal epidermis cells. The secretory canals in the stems were found to contain total and neutral lipids. The phytochemical assays demonstrated that the A. millefolium subsp. millefolium flowers contained over 2.5-fold higher amounts of EO (6.1 mL/kg) than the herb (2.4 mL/kg). The EO extracted from the flowers and herb had a similar dominant compounds: β-pinene, bornyl acetate, (E)-nerolidol, 1,8-cineole, borneol, sabinene, camphor, and α-pinene. Both EO samples had greater amounts of monoterpenes than sesquiterpenes. Higher amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenoids were detected in the EO from the herb than from the flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Konarska
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.K.); (E.W.-C.); (M.D.)
| | - Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.K.); (E.W.-C.); (M.D.)
| | - Aneta Sulborska-Różycka
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.K.); (E.W.-C.); (M.D.)
| | - Anna Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodities Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Garden of Cosmetic Plants and Raw Materials, Research and Science Innovation Center, 20-819 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marta Dmitruk
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.K.); (E.W.-C.); (M.D.)
| | - Małgorzata Gorzel
- Garden of Cosmetic Plants and Raw Materials, Research and Science Innovation Center, 20-819 Lublin, Poland;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Vincent Pol University in Lublin, 20-816 Lublin, Poland
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Abu Safe FA, Badr AN, Shehata MG, El-Sayyad GS. Antimicrobial and anti-aflatoxigenic activities of nanoemulsions based on Achillea millefolium and Crocus sativus flower extracts as green promising agents for food preservatives. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:289. [PMID: 37805450 PMCID: PMC10559460 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the mechanism of action of nanoemulsion is still unclear, the modern use of nanoemulsions made from natural extracts as antimicrobial and anti-aflatoxigenic agents represents a potential food preservation and a safety target. METHODS Two natural nanoemulsion extracts of Crocus sativus (the saffron flower) and Achillea millefolium (the yarrow flower) were produced in the current study using a low-energy method that included carboxymethylcellulose and Arabic gum. The synthesized nanoemulsion was fully identified by different analytical methods. Detection of the volatile content was completed using GC-MS analysis. The antioxidant potential, and phenolic compounds content were analyzed in the extractions. The synthesized nanoemulsions were screened for their antimicrobial potential in addition to their anti-aflatoxigenic activity. RESULTS The droplet size of Saffron flowers was finer (121.64 ± 2.18 nm) than yarrow flowers (151.21 ± 1.12 nm). The Zeta potential measurements of the yarrow flower (-16.31 ± 2.54 mV) and the saffron flower (-18.55 ± 2.31 mV) both showed high stability, along with low PDI values (0.34-0.41). The nanoemulsion of yarrow flower revealed 51 compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), with hexanal (16.25%), β-Pinene (7.41%), β-Myrcene (5.24%), D-Limonene (5.58%) and Caryophyllene (4.38%) being the most prevalent. Additionally, 31 compounds were detected in the saffron nanoemulsion, with D-limonene (4.89%), isophorone (12.29%), 4-oxy isophorone (8.19%), and safranal (44.84%) being the most abundant. Compared to the nanoemulsion of the yarrow flower, the saffron nanoemulsion had good antibacterial and antifungal activity. Saffron nanoemulsion inhibited total fungal growth by 69.64-71.90% in a simulated liquid medium and demonstrated the most significant decrease in aflatoxin production. Infected strawberry fruits coated with nanoemulsion extracts exhibited high antimicrobial activity in the form of saffron flower and yarrow flower extract nanoemulsions, which inhibited and/or controlled the growth of Aspergillus fungi. Due to this inhibition, the lag phase was noticeably prolonged, the cell load decreased, and the stability time increased. CONCLUSION This study will contribute to expanding the theoretical research and utilization of nanoemulsions as green protective agents in agricultural and food industries for a promising protection from the invasion of some pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feriala A Abu Safe
- Botany Department, Faculty of Women for Art, Science, and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed N Badr
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G Shehata
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab, 21934, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), 6th October city, Giza, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt.
- Drug Microbiology Lab, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
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Vitalini S, Garzoli S, Sisto F, Pezzani R, Argentieri MP, Scarafoni A, Ciappellano S, Zorzan M, Capraro J, Collazuol D, Iriti M. Digestive and gastroprotective effects of Achillea erba-rotta subsp. moschata (Wulfen) I.Richardson (syn. A. moschata Wulfen) (Asteraceae): From traditional uses to preclinical studies. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 298:115670. [PMID: 36038090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Achillea erba-rotta subsp. moschata (Wulfen) I.Richardson (syn. A. moschata Wulfen) (Asteraceae) is an alpine endemic plant whose aerial parts are harvested by the locals mainly for the digestive properties. Despite its widespread use, few studies have been conducted to date to verify its bioactivity. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of the work was to meet the tradition confirming with experimental data the popular belief that the consumption of this species offers beneficial effects to the gastrointestinal system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using Soxhlet apparatus, the dried aerial parts of A. erba-rotta subsp. moschata were successively extracted with petroleum ether (PET), dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH). The essential oil (EO) was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus while infusion (AE) was prepared following the traditional local recipe. Their chemical characterization was performed by various techniques including SPME-GC/MS, GC/MS and HPLC/MS-MS. An in vitro biological screening was carried out. The influence of AE on lipid digestion was monitored by titration of free fatty acids (FFA) during pancreatic lipase activity with the pH-stat method. For all extracts and EO, the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was assessed by the broth microdilution method, the influence on cell viability was evaluated against NCI-N87, OE21 and Caco-2 cell lines and a preliminary toxicity evaluation was done using Brine Shrimp lethality (BSL) assay. The anti-inflammatory potential was evidenced by interleukin IL-1- induced IL8 expression on Caco-2 cells. RESULTS AE increased by 15% the FFA releasing compared to the pancreatic lipase alone. PET, DCM and MeOH extracts as well as AE and EO were considered active against the growth of both antimicrobial susceptible and resistant strains of H. pylori with MIC values starting from 16 μg/mL. PET and DCM (IC50 = 89 μg/mL and 96 μg/mL, respectively, against Caco-2 cell line) extracts showed the high effect on cell viability while the EO reduced in 50% of cell viability at 1.48 μL/mL (NCI-N87 cells), 1.42 μL/mL (OE21 cells), and 3.44 μL/mL (Caco-2 cells) corroborating the BSL results. In different degrees, all extracts and EO inhibited the IL-1β-stimulated IL-8 production in Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS The obtained data are encouraging and provide a scientific basis for the traditional use of A. erba-rotta subsp. moschata as a digestive agent although they need to be further corroborated by studies involving the investigation of both the in vivo activities and the role of the compounds detected in the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vitalini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Pascal 36, 20133, Milan, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Sisto
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Pascal 36, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Phytotherapy Lab, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, Padova, 35128, Italy; AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base, Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Pia Argentieri
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Alessio Scarafoni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Ciappellano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maira Zorzan
- Phytotherapy Lab, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, Padova, 35128, Italy.
| | - Jessica Capraro
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Daniela Collazuol
- Phytotherapy Lab, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, Padova, 35128, Italy.
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Pascal 36, 20133, Milan, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
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Ojagh SE, Moaveni P. Foliar-applied magnesium nanoparticles modulate drought stress through changes in physio-biochemical attributes and essential oil profile of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:59374-59384. [PMID: 35386083 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are an emerging tool for mitigating environmental stresses. Although beneficial roles of NPs have been reported in some plants, there is little data on magnesium (Mg)-NPs in alleviating drought stress. Therefore, the field experiment was conducted to study changes in biochemical attributes and essential oil (EO) compositions of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) plants under drought stress and Mg-NPs in 2016 and 2017. Irrigation regimes were used in two levels as well-watered (irrigation intervals of 7 days) and drought stress (irrigation intervals of 14 days) conditions, and Mg-NPs were sprayed on leaves in four levels (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 g L-1). The results showed drought stress led to increased electrolyte leakage (EL), proline, carotenoid, anthocyanin, and total flavonoid content (TFC). However, flowers yield and EO yield were lower in plants exposed to drought stress as compared to well-watered conditions. The 0.3 and 0.5 g L-1 Mg-NPs were more effective in alleviating drought stress by enhancing these traits. Heat map results showed that EL and TSS represented the high variability upon different treatments. The GC and GC/MS results represented that α-pinene (8.60-12.20%), 1,8-cineol (9.03-14.02%), camphor (6.84-9.80%), α-bisabolol (8.54-18.81%), chamazulene (14.23-22.50%), and caryophyllene oxide (7.20-9.80%) were the min EO constitutes of yarrow plants. Totally, drought decreased monopertens but increased sesquiterpenes of EO. To sum up, foliar applied Mg-NPs in a range of 0.3-0.5 g L-1 can be recommended as effective tool to improve plant yield through changes in biochemical attributes of yarrow plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Ebrahim Ojagh
- Department of Agronomy, Shahr-E-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Moaveni
- Department of Agronomy, Shahr-E-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Čižmek L, Bavcon Kralj M, Čož-Rakovac R, Mazur D, Ul’yanovskii N, Likon M, Trebše P. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Four Medicinal Mediterranean Plants: Investigation of Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:5697. [PMID: 34577168 PMCID: PMC8468049 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With everyday advances in the field of pharmaceuticals, medicinal plants have high priority regarding the introduction of novel synthetic compounds by the usage of environmentally friendly extraction technologies. Herein, a supercritical CO2 extraction method was implemented in the analysis of four plants (chamomile, St. John's wort, yarrow, and curry plant) after which the non-targeted analysis of the chemical composition, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity was evaluated. The extraction yield was the highest for the chamomile (5%), while moderate yields were obtained for the other three plants. The chemical composition analyzed by gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) and liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) demonstrated extraction of diverse compounds including terpenes and terpenoids, fatty acids, flavonoids and coumarins, functionalized phytosterols, and polyphenols. Voltammetry of microfilm immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode using square-wave voltammetry (SWV) was applied in the analysis of extracts. It was found that antioxidant activity obtained by SWV correlates well to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazine (DPPH) radical assay (R2 = 0.818) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay (R2 = 0.640), but not to the total phenolic content (R2 = 0.092). Effective results were obtained in terms of activity showing the potential usage of supercritical CO2 extraction to acquire bioactive compounds of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Čižmek
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.Č.); (R.Č.-R.)
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mojca Bavcon Kralj
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.Č.); (R.Č.-R.)
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dmitrii Mazur
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Core Facility Center “Arktika”, Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, nab. Severnoy Dviny 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia;
| | - Nikolay Ul’yanovskii
- Core Facility Center “Arktika”, Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, nab. Severnoy Dviny 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia;
| | - Marko Likon
- Škrlj, d.o.o., Batuje 90, 5262 Črniče, Slovenia;
| | - Polonca Trebše
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Masłowski M, Aleksieiev A, Miedzianowska J, Strzelec K. Potential Application of Peppermint ( Mentha piperita L.), German Chamomile ( Matricaria chamomilla L.) and Yarrow ( Achillea millefolium L.) as Active Fillers in Natural Rubber Biocomposites. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147530. [PMID: 34299152 PMCID: PMC8303368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) and yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) were applied as natural fibrous fillers to create biocomposites containing substances of plant origin. The purpose of the work was to investigate the activity and effectiveness of selected plants as a material for the modification of natural rubber composites. This research was the first approach to examine the usefulness of peppermint, German chamomile and yarrow in the field of polymer technology. Dried and ground plant particles were subjected to Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–Vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), goniometric measurements (contact angle) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The characterization of natural rubber composites filled with bio-additives was performed including rheometric measurements, FTIR, TGA, cross-linking density, mechanical properties and colour change after simulated aging processes. Composites filled with natural fillers showed improved barrier properties and mechanical strength. Moreover, an increase in the cross-linking density of the materials before and after the simulated aging processes, compared to the reference sample, was observed.
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Arias-Durán L, Estrada-Soto S, Hernández-Morales M, Millán-Pacheco C, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Villalobos-Molina R, Ibarra-Barajas M, Almanza-Pérez JC. Antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effect of leucodin and achillin isolated from Achillea millefolium through calcium channel blockade and NO production: In vivo, functional ex vivo and in silico studies. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 273:113948. [PMID: 33610712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae), known as yarrow (milenrama), is a plant used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, and related diseases. AIM To determine the vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effect of A. millefollium and to isolate the main bioactive antihypertensive agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Organic (hexane, dichloromethane and methanol) and hydro-alcohol (Ethanol-H2O: 70:30) extracts obtained from flowers, leaves and stems were evaluated on isolated aorta rat rings with and without endothelium to determine their vasorelaxant effect. Hexane extract from flowers (HEAmF) was studied to evaluate its antihypertensive effect on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). From HEAmF, bioactive compounds were obtained by bio-guided phytochemical separation through chromatography. RESULTS Organic extracts showed the best vasorelaxant activity. Hexane extract from flowers was the most potent and efficient ex vivo vasorelaxant agent, showing significant decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in SHR (p < 0.05). Phytochemical separation of HEAmF yielded two epimeric sesquiterpene lactones: leucodin (1) and achillin (2), the major components of the extract. Both 1 and 2 showed similar vasorelaxant action ex vivo (p < 0.05), and their effects where modified by L-NAME (10 μM, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), by ODQ (1 μM, soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor), and also relaxed the contraction induced by KCl (80 mM). Finally, 1 and 2 intragastric administration (50 mg/kg) decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure in SHR. CONCLUSIONS Achillea millefolium showed antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects, due mainly to leucodin and achillin (epimers). Both compounds showed antihypertensive activity by vasorelaxation putatively by endothelium-dependent NO release and cGMP increase, as well as by calcium channels blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Arias-Durán
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico.
| | | | - César Millán-Pacheco
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Rafael Villalobos-Molina
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, Mexico
| | - Maximiliano Ibarra-Barajas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, Mexico
| | - Julio C Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de La Salud, D.C.B.S, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, 09340, Mexico
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Kaczorová D, Karalija E, Dahija S, Bešta-Gajević R, Parić A, Ćavar Zeljković S. Influence of Extraction Solvent on the Phenolic Profile and Bioactivity of Two Achillea Species. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061601. [PMID: 33805815 PMCID: PMC7999971 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenolic composition, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of two poorly investigated Achillea species, Achillea lingulata Waldst. and the endemic Achillea abrotanoides Vis., were studied. To obtain a more detailed phytochemical profile, four solvents with different polarities were used for the preparation of the plant extracts whose phenolic composition was analyzed using UHPLC-MS/MS (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). The results indicate that both of the investigated Achillea species are very rich in both phenolic acids and flavonoids, but that their profiles differ significantly. Chloroform extracts from both species had the highest yields and were the most chemically versatile. The majority of the examined extracts showed antimicrobial activity, while ethanolic extracts from both species were potent against all tested microorganisms. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated. It was found that the ethanolic extracts possessed the strongest antioxidant activities, although these extracts did not contain the highest amounts of detected phenolic compounds. In addition, several representatives of phenolic compounds were also assayed for these biological activities. Results suggest that ethanol is a sufficient solvent for the isolation of biologically active compounds from both Achillea species. Moreover, it was shown that the flavonoids naringenin and morin are mainly responsible for these antimicrobial activities, while caffeic, salicylic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, and rosmarinic acid are responsible for the antioxidant activities of the Achillea extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kaczorová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Erna Karalija
- Laboratory for Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (E.K.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Sabina Dahija
- Laboratory for Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (E.K.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Renata Bešta-Gajević
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Adisa Parić
- Laboratory for Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (E.K.); (S.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Sanja Ćavar Zeljković
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: or or
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Salomon L, Lorenz P, Bunse M, Spring O, Stintzing FC, Kammerer DR. Comparison of the Phenolic Compound Profile and Antioxidant Potential of Achillea atrata L. and Achillea millefolium L. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061530. [PMID: 33799635 PMCID: PMC8000477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, Achillea atrata L. and A. millefolium L. were compared for the first time with regard to their phenolic compound profile and antioxidant activity by applying the 2,2-diphenyl-picryl hydrazyl radical assay. For this purpose, aerial plant parts were consecutively extracted with solvents of increasing polarity (dichloromethane, n-butanol, ethyl acetate), revealing that the A. atrata ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 12.2 ± 0.29 µg/mL compared to 17.0 ± 0.26 µg/mL for A. millefolium. Both species revealed the presence of luteolin, apigenin, centaureidin, and nevadensin exclusively in this most polar fraction, which are known as effective 2,2-diphenyl-picryl hydrazyl radical scavengers. The antioxidant capacity of the aforementioned fractions strikingly correlated with their total phenolic contents, which was highest in the ethyl acetate fraction of A. atrata. Characterization of the metabolite profiles of both Achillea species showed only marginal differences in the presence of key compounds, whereas the concentrations of individual compounds appeared to be species-specific. Our results suggest that A. atrata, based on its compound pattern and bioactivity characteristics, has similar qualities for phytotherapy as A. millefolium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysanne Salomon
- WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Department of Analytical Development & Research, Section Phytochemical Research, 73087 Bad Boll, Germany; (L.S.); (P.L.); (M.B.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Peter Lorenz
- WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Department of Analytical Development & Research, Section Phytochemical Research, 73087 Bad Boll, Germany; (L.S.); (P.L.); (M.B.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Marek Bunse
- WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Department of Analytical Development & Research, Section Phytochemical Research, 73087 Bad Boll, Germany; (L.S.); (P.L.); (M.B.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Otmar Spring
- Institute of Botany, Hohenheim University, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Florian C. Stintzing
- WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Department of Analytical Development & Research, Section Phytochemical Research, 73087 Bad Boll, Germany; (L.S.); (P.L.); (M.B.); (F.C.S.)
| | - Dietmar R. Kammerer
- WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Department of Analytical Development & Research, Section Phytochemical Research, 73087 Bad Boll, Germany; (L.S.); (P.L.); (M.B.); (F.C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7164-930-6688; Fax: +49-7164-930-7080
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Gao X, Li Q, Sun D. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of Zaluzanin D isolated from Achillea acuminate. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107130. [PMID: 33218937 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was investigated to verify anti-inflammatory and immune regulation effect of Zaluzanin D on LPS-induced macrophages and acute lung injury. NR8383 macrophages were pre-treated with Zaluzanin D and stimulated by LPS. Zaluzanin D reduced the production of nitric oxide in NR8383 macrophages and decreased the secretions of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, intravenous of Zaluzanin D to LPS-induced rats reduced the infiltrations of macrophages into BALF and the histological inflammatory changes in lung tissues. Furthermore, Z.D inhibited lipid peroxidation and effectively recruit the anti-oxidative defense system, regulated the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 in the lungs by inhibitory expression of nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. These findings suggested that Zaluzanin D attenuated pulmonary inflammatory responses by inhibiting the expression of diverse inflammatory mediators in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Jiaozhen Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Xinli Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Deqing Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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15
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Apel L, Lorenz P, Urban S, Sauer S, Spring O, Stintzing FC, Kammerer DR. Phytochemical characterization of different yarrow species ( Achillea sp.) and investigations into their antimicrobial activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 76:55-65. [PMID: 32897872 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2020-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Various Achillea species are rich in bioactive compounds and are important medicinal plants in phytotherapy. In the present study, Achillea millefolium L., Achillea moschata Wulfen, and Achillea atrata L. were compared with respect to their phenolic profile and antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria strains (Staphylococcus, Propionibacterium). Particular focus was given to A. atrata, which has hardly been studied so far. Based on the metabolite profile, A. atrata exhibited more similarities to A. moschata than to A. millefolium. The former two only differed in the occurrence of four compounds. The flavonols syringetin-3-O-glucoside and mearnsetin-hexoside, not reported for an Achillea species before, have been detected in A. atrata and A. moschata. All Achillea species reduced growth of the tested bacteria. A. atrata demonstrated highest activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, both being involved in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Furthermore, A. atrata has a pronounced anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus potential. Bioassay-guided fractionation revealed that only the most polar fraction of A. moschata displayed antimicrobial activity, which was attributed to phenolics such as apigenin, centaureidin, and nevadensin, being present in high amounts in A. atrata. Thus, this alpine species shows promising antimicrobial activity and might be a potential source for developing novel dermal/topical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysanne Apel
- Department of Analytical Development & Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Section Phytochemical Research, Bad Boll, Eckwälden, Germany
| | - Peter Lorenz
- Department of Analytical Development & Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Section Phytochemical Research, Bad Boll, Eckwälden, Germany
| | - Sabine Urban
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Simon Sauer
- Department of Analytical Development & Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Section Phytochemical Research, Bad Boll, Eckwälden, Germany
| | - Otmar Spring
- Institute of Botany, Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Florian C Stintzing
- Department of Analytical Development & Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Section Phytochemical Research, Bad Boll, Eckwälden, Germany
| | - Dietmar R Kammerer
- Department of Analytical Development & Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Section Phytochemical Research, Bad Boll, Eckwälden, Germany
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16
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Salehi B, Selamoglu Z, Sevindik M, Fahmy NM, Al-Sayed E, El-Shazly M, Csupor-Löffler B, Csupor D, Yazdi SE, Sharifi-Rad J, Arserim-Uçar DK, Arserim EH, Karazhan N, Jahani A, Dey A, Azadi H, Vakili SA, Sharopov F, Martins N, Büsselberg D. Achillea spp.: A comprehensive review on its ethnobotany, phytochemistry, phytopharmacology and industrial applications. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2020. [PMID: 32583790 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2020.66.4.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The genus Achillea genus houses more than 100 species, a number of them are popularly used in traditional medicine for spasmodic gastrointestinal, gynecological and hepatobiliary disorders, hemorrhages, pneumonia, rheumatic pain, inflammation, wounds healing etc. Members of the genus contain a wide variety of volatile and non-volatile secondary metabolites, including terpenes, polyphenols, flavonoids and others. Multiple studies have assessed the biological effects and other aspects of Achillea spp. In a number of preclinical studies, Achillea plants and their essential oils have demonstrated promising antibacterial properties against a number of human and plant pathogens. Besides, the plants have displayed strong antioxidative and potent anti-proliferative and anticancer properties in various cellular and animal models. Achillea plants have widely been used as food preservative in food industry. Clinical studies have indicated its potential against multiple sclerosis (MS), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcerative colitis, episiotomy wound, primary dysmenorrhea, oral mucositis etc. The present work focuses to provide a brief overview on folk knowledge, phytochemistry, biological activity and applications of Achillea plants. There is a close relationship between the traditional ethnobotanical usage and pharmacological and clinical data from different Achillea spp. The application of Achillea plants and their extracts seems to be a promising alternative for antimicrobial and antioxidant purposes in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Campus, 51240, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sevindik
- Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Bahçe Vocational School, Department of Food Processing, Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - Nouran M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Al-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Dezső Csupor
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Simin Emamzadeh Yazdi
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Gauteng 0002, South Africa
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Natallia Karazhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty of the EE VSMU, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Ali Jahani
- Department of Natural Environment and Biodiversity, College of Environment, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata: 700073, India
| | - Hamed Azadi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran-Pakdasht, Iran
| | - Somayeh Afsah Vakili
- Department of Pharmacology, Visveswarapura Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangalore-560070, Karnataka, India
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, 734003, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
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Arias-Durán L, Estrada-Soto S, Hernández-Morales M, Chávez-Silva F, Navarrete-Vázquez G, León-Rivera I, Perea-Arango I, Villalobos-Molina R, Ibarra-Barajas M. Tracheal relaxation through calcium channel blockade of Achillea millefolium hexanic extract and its main bioactive compounds. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 253:112643. [PMID: 32035218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) is used for the treatment of respiratory diseases, diabetes, and hypertension. AIM to explore its tracheal relaxant properties and clarify its functional mechanism of action on smooth muscle cells, which allow us to propose it as a potential anti-asthmatic drug. MATERIAL AND METHODS organic and hydro-alcoholic extracts from A. millefolium were obtained by macerations, then their relaxing effect on ex vivo isolated rat trachea rings was determined. Most active extract (hexanic extract, EHAm) was studied to determine its functional mechanism of action using synergic, antagonist and inhibitor agents related with the contraction/relaxation process of the smooth muscle. Also, EHAm was subjected to bio-guided fractionation by open-column chromatography (on silica gel) using cyclohexane-EtOAc (80:20) in an isocratic way to isolate main bioactive compounds. RESULTS organic and hydro-alcoholic extracts showed relaxant effect in a concentration-response dependent manner, being EHAm the most active. The functional mechanism of action indicates that EHAm induced a non-competitive antagonism to the muscarinic receptors ; in addition, the NO/cGMP pathway is involved in the relaxation process of the tracheal smooth muscle. However, the most important mechanism of action showed by EHAm was related with the calcium channel blockade influx into the smooth muscle cells. On the other hand, epimeric sesquiterpene lactones leucodin (1) and achillin (2) were isolated and purified, which are responsible for the observed smooth muscle relaxant activity of the extract. CONCLUSION hexanic extract of A. millefollium induced a significant relaxant effect on tracheal rat rings by calcium channel blockade and NO release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Arias-Durán
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico.
| | | | - Fabiola Chávez-Silva
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Ismael León-Rivera
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Irene Perea-Arango
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Rafael Villalobos-Molina
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, Mexico
| | - Maximiliano Ibarra-Barajas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, Mexico
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18
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Rezaei S, Ashkar F, Koohpeyma F, Mahmoodi M, Gholamalizadeh M, Mazloom Z, Doaei S. Hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium improved blood glucose, liver enzymes and lipid profile compared to metformin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:81. [PMID: 32340610 PMCID: PMC7184710 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported that herbal extracts may have some protective effect against the complications of diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Achillea millefolium hydroalcoholic extract in comparison to metformin on liver damage, lipid abnormality, and glycemic control in diabetic rats. METHODS Rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups of 10 animals. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to 4 groups of rats. Three groups of diabetic rats were given 250 mg/kg/day metformin, 25 mg/kg/day Achillea millefolium hydroalcoholic extract, or 100 mg/kg/day of this extract. Two non-diabetic groups were also given either 25 mg/kg/day or 100 mg/kg/day Achillea millefolium extract. Normal control and diabetic control rats received 1 mL/day of normal saline. Treatments were administered through oral gavage for 28 days. At the end, rats were anesthetized with ether and their serum samples were separated in order to measure blood glucose, serum total protein, lipids, and liver enzymes. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in blood glucose, serum liver enzymes, triglycerides, and total- and LDL-cholesterol levels of the Achillea millefolium extract-treated groups compared to the other groups. In addition, there was a significant increment in body weight and HDL-cholesterol serum level in the Achillea millefolium-treated groups. CONCLUSION Achillea millefolium extract compared to metformin reduces lipid abnormality, blood glucose and liver enzymes in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Future clinical studies are warranted to confirm our experimental findings in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Rezaei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ashkar
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mahmoodi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Students Research Committee, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mazloom
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Vladić J, Jakovljević M, Molnar M, Vidović S, Tomić M, Drinić Z, Jokić S. Valorization of Yarrow ( Achillea millefolium L.) By-Product through Application of Subcritical Water Extraction. Molecules 2020; 25:E1878. [PMID: 32325741 PMCID: PMC7221777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, valorization of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) by-product from the filter tea industry was investigated through the application of subcritical water for the extraction of bioactive compounds. The influence of different process parameters (temperature 120-200 °C, extraction time 10-30 min, and HCl concentration in extraction solvent 0-1.5%) on extract quality in terms of content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity was investigated. Optimal conditions of the extraction process (temperature 198 °C, extraction time 16.5 min, and without acidifer) were determined and, when applied, the most efficient exploitation of by-products is achieved, that is, attainment of extracts rich in total phenols and flavonoids and high antioxidant activity. In addition, by applying the high performance liquid chromatographic analysis, the content of chlorogenic acid was determined as well as the hydroxymethylfurfural content in obtained extracts. The results demonstrated that subcritical water can be successfully used for utilization of yarrow by-products for obtaining extracts rich in antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vladić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia or (J.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Martina Jakovljević
- Faculty of Food Technology, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.J.); (Z.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Maja Molnar
- Faculty of Food Technology, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.J.); (Z.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Senka Vidović
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia or (J.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Milan Tomić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Zorica Drinić
- Faculty of Food Technology, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.J.); (Z.D.); (S.J.)
| | - Stela Jokić
- Faculty of Food Technology, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.J.); (Z.D.); (S.J.)
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20
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Abdalla AN, Shaheen U, Abdallah QMA, Flamini G, Bkhaitan MM, Abdelhady MIS, Ascrizzi R, Bader A. Proapoptotic Activity of Achillea membranacea Essential Oil and Its Major Constituent 1,8-Cineole against A2780 Ovarian Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:E1582. [PMID: 32235558 PMCID: PMC7180961 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the hundreds of reported Achillea species, A. membranacea (Labill.) DC. is one of the six that grow in Jordan. Many species of this genus are used in folk medicine to treat a variety of ailments and several biological and pharmacological activities have been ascribed to their essential oil (EO). For this study, the EO obtained from a specimen of A. membranacea grown in Jordan was analyzed by GC-MS. Ninety-six compounds were detected, of which oxygenated monoterpenes was the predominant class (47.9%), followed by non-terpene derivatives (27.9%), while sesquiterpenes represented 14.2% of the total composition. The most abundant compound in the EO was 1,8-cineole (21.7%). The cytotoxic activity of the EO was evaluated against three cancer cell lines (MCF7, A2780 and HT29), and one normal fibroblast cell line (MRC5) by MTT assay. Significant growth inhibition was observed in EO-exposed A2780 and HT29 cells (IC50 = 12.99 and 14.02 μg/mL, respectively), while MCF7 and MRC5 were less susceptible. The EO induced apoptosis and increased the preG1 events in A2780 cells. 1,8-Cineole, the major constituent of the EO, exhibited submicromolar cytotoxicity against A2780 cells, and was 42 times more selective against MRC5 cells. Its cytotoxicity against A2780 cells was comparable with that of doxorubicin, but 1,8-cineole was more selective for MRC5 normal cells. Interestingly, 1,8-cineole enhanced apoptosis in A2780, and caused a remarkable dose-dependent increase in preG1 events. Thus, 1,8-cineole has demonstrated promising cytotoxic and proapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf N. Abdalla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.N.A.); (U.S.); (M.M.B.); (M.I.S.A.)
| | - Usama Shaheen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.N.A.); (U.S.); (M.M.B.); (M.I.S.A.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Qasem M. A. Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Makkah 21974, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacology & Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Guido Flamini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Majdi M. Bkhaitan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.N.A.); (U.S.); (M.M.B.); (M.I.S.A.)
- Basic Medical Sciences Unit, Arab American University, Jenin 240, Palestine
| | - Mohamed I. S. Abdelhady
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.N.A.); (U.S.); (M.M.B.); (M.I.S.A.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Roberta Ascrizzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Ammar Bader
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.N.A.); (U.S.); (M.M.B.); (M.I.S.A.)
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21
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Al-Assiuty BA, Nenaah GE, Ageba ME. Chemical profile, characterization and acaricidal activity of essential oils of three plant species and their nanoemulsions against Tyrophagus putrescentiae, a stored-food mite. Exp Appl Acarol 2019; 79:359-376. [PMID: 31679077 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils of Ocimum basilicum (L.), Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) and Achillea santolina (L.) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS). Oil-in-water nanoemulsions (10% active ingredient) were prepared through a high-energy (ultrasonication) emulsification process. Nanoemulsions were characterized by viscosity, pH, thermodynamic stability, droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. The plant oils and their nanoemulsions showed considerable acaricidal activity against the mold mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae). In a contact toxicity bioassay and 48 h post treatment, O. basilicum oil was the most toxic, followed by A. fragrantissima and A. santolina, where LC50 values were 8.4, 14.1 and 21.8 µl/cm2, respectively. LC50 for benzyl benzoate, a standard acaricide was 9.8 µl/cm2. Upon fumigation, responses also varied according to the test oil. Based on the 48-h LC50 values, the same manner of activity was also observed, where O. basilicum was the most toxic followed by A. fragrantissima and A. santolina. When prepared as nanoemulsions (particle size from 78.5 to 104.6) and tested as fumigants, toxicity of the oils was increased drastically with LC50 values of 2.2, 4.7, and 9.6 µl/l air for O. basilicum, A. fragrantissima and A. santolina, respectively. The oils showed a moderate to strong residual acaricidal activity, where O. basilicum oil was the most effective. The results suggest that appropriate nanoemulsions containing the tested oils can be developed to control T. putrescentiae after the required toxicological assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma A Al-Assiuty
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Gomah E Nenaah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Najran University, Najran, 1988, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed E Ageba
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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22
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Fathi E, Majdi M, Dastan D, Maroufi A. The spatio-temporal expression of some genes involved in the biosynthetic pathways of terpenes/phenylpropanoids in yarrow (Achillea millefolium). Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 142:43-52. [PMID: 31272034 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is a medicinal plant from the Asteracea which biosynthesize different secondary metabolites especially terpenes and phenylpropanoids. To improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms behind the biosynthesis of these compounds we analyzed the expression of some genes associated with the biosynthesis of terpenes and phenylpropanoids in different tissues and in response to trans-cinnamic acid (tCA) as an inhibitor of PAL activity. Isolation and expression analysis of DXR, GPPS, PAL and CHS genes together with linalool synthase (LIS) as monoterpene synthase was conducted in different developmental stages of leaves, flowers and in response to trans-cinnamic acid (tCA). Differential expression of these genes observed in different tissues. tCA up-regulated the biosynthetic genes of monterpenes and down-regulated the biosynthetic genes of phenylpropanoids. Gene expression analysis in intact leaves and leaves without glandular trichomes showed that DXR, LIS, PAL and CHS are highly expressed in glandular trichomes while GPPS expressed ubiquitously. Analysis of essential oils composition showed that sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes are main compounds; in which from 57 identified compounds the highest were germacreneD (% 11.5), guaiol (%10.38), spatulenol (%8.73) and caryophyllene oxide (%7.48).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Fathi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Majdi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran; (b)Research Center for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Development, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Dara Dastan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Asad Maroufi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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Ajaz M, Akram M, Asif HM, Hussain A, Shah SMA, Tahir IM, Daniyal M, Khan FS. Phytochemical screening and antipyretic effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of selected medicinal plants of Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir in albino rats. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019; 32:581-592. [PMID: 31081770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pyrexia occurs due to infection, malignancy and other diseases. Majority of the antipyretic drugs are synthetic in nature which exerts side effects such as gastric ulcer, hepatic necrosis and renal damage. The antipyretic potential of the hydro-alcoholic extracts of Achillea millefolium, Taraxacum officinale, Salix alba and Trigonella foenum were investigated on the yeast-induced pyrexia in albino rats. Paracetamol was used as a positive control. Rectal temperature of albino rats was verified immediately before the administration of the extracts or vehicle or paracetamol and yet again at 1-hour gap for 6 hours using a digital thermometer. The animals having pyrexia were divided into four groups Group1: Paracetamol was given to positive control. Group 2: Distilled water was given to negative control. Group 3: (250mg/kg) extract of the plant was given to rats (treatment group 1). Group 4: (500mg/kg) extracts of the plant was given to albino rats (Treatment group 2). The extracts were also phytochemically screened for alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and phenols. The hydro-alcoholic extracts of plants with the dose of 500mg/kg showed significant (p<0.0001) decrease in yeast-induced pyrexia, as compared with that of set drug paracetamol (150mg/kg) where the extract dose 250mg/kg was less effective than that of standard drug (p<0.05). Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and phenols. This study showed that hydro-alcoholic extracts of all plants under study at a dose of 500mg/kg have significant antipyretic potential in yeast-induced elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahvish Ajaz
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan / Department of Eastern Medicine, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Asif
- Department of Eastern Medicine, University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abid Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Ali Shah
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Fahad Said Khan
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
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Ayoobi F, Moghadam-Ahmadi A, Amiri H, Vakilian A, Heidari M, Farahmand H, Fathollahi MS, Fatemi I, Shafiei SA, Alahtavakoli M, Shamsizadeh A. Achillea millefolium is beneficial as an add-on therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytomedicine 2019; 52:89-97. [PMID: 30599916 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease for which to date there is no cure and the existing disease-modifying drugs just slow down the disease progression. PURPOSE In this clinical trial we evaluated the efficacy of Achillea millefolium (A. millefolium) aqueous extract in MS patients. METHODS A triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled parallel group trial was conducted on 75 MS patients. The patients were randomized into three groups including placebo and two groups receiving A. millefolium with two different doses, i.e. 250 mg/day and 500 mg/day, for 1 year. The primary outcome was the annualized relapse rate. Also, number and volume of lesions were obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Furthermore, we performed a comprehensive neurological and cognitive tests as follows: changes in the expanded disability status scale (EDSS), the multiple sclerosis functional composite (MSFC), fatigue severity scale (FSS), Ashworth spasticity assessment, Beck depression test, State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), mini-mental status examination (MMSE), Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), tower of London test (TOL), word-pair learning, paced auditory serial addition task (PASAT) and standard laboratory tests. RESULTS This study showed one year administration of A. millefolium (both doses) decreased the annual relapse rate in MS patients. The mean volume change of lesions significantly decreased in the 500 mg A. millefolium group. The add-on therapy also increased time to first relapse and the MSFC z-score; it decreased the EDSS score and improved performance in word-pair learning, PASAT, and WCST. CONCLUSION We found beneficial effects of A. millefolium aqueous extract as an add-on therapy in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ayoobi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Amir Moghadam-Ahmadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Neurology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Houshang Amiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alireza Vakilian
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Neurology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Moslem Heidari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Habib Farahmand
- Department of Radiology, Ali-Ebn Abitaleb Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Sheikh Fathollahi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Member of Occupational Environment Research Center, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Iman Fatemi
- Physiology-pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Shafiei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alahtavakoli
- Physiology-pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Shamsizadeh
- Physiology-pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Altinterim B, Danabas D, Aksu O. The effects of common yarrow (Achillea millefolium Linnaeus), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) and rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis Linnaeus) hydrosols on the some immunological and hematological parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758). Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2018; 64:19-24. [PMID: 30511617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of some plant hydrosols (distilled plant waters) based upon some hematological parameters and Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) activities in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) infected with Yersinia ruckeri were investigated. In the trial, it was utilized totally 200 common carps with 54.3±6.7 g mean live weight and 15.7±1.8 cm mean total lenght. The 10% rate of the common yarrow (Achillea millefolium Linnaeus) hydrosol; 0.5% rate of the cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) hydrosol; and 5% rate of the rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis Linnaeus) hydrosol were applied to fish as a bath treatment. The erythrocyte (RBC), leukocyte count (WBC), hematocrit value (HCT), haemoglobin amount (Hg), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and activities of NBT in the blood samples taken from the caudal vena of the control and experimental fish groups were analyzed in the 7th, 14th, and 21st days of the exposure treatment. At the end of the research, HCT, Hg, RBC, WBC, MCH and MCV values decreased in the C-2 Group (the control group contain pathogen) compared to the C-1 Group (the control group no contain pathogen), except MCHC value. The NBT activities in the C-1 Groups increased at the 14th day, but decreased quite a few at the 21st day. It has been consequently reached the conclusion that the bath treatments of the some plant hydrosols might be beneficial in increasing of antibacterial properties and in strengthening of defense mechanisms of common carp against Y. ruckeri pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basar Altinterim
- Fisheries Faculty, Malatya Turgut Özal University, TR44000, Battalgazi, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Durali Danabas
- Fisheries Faculty, Munzur University, TR62000, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Onder Aksu
- Fisheries Faculty, Munzur University, TR62000, Tunceli, Turkey
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Allahverdi TD, Allahverdi E, Kilicle PA, Ozen H. Investigation of the effects of Achillea millefolium extract in diabetic rats with second-degree burns. Pak J Pharm Sci 2018; 31:973-978. [PMID: 29731432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the effects of Achillea millefolium on wound healing in second-degree burns formed in diabetic rats. This study was conducted at the Kafkas University Experimental Research Center. 20 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups. Group I (n=10 rats) was the Control group and contained the diabetic rats with burn injury. Group II (n=10 rats) was the group where burn injury was created and Achillea millefolium was administered to diabetic rats. The backs of the rats were shaved so as to include 30% of the body area. A 10% lanolin extract was administered for 14 days after the burn injury was created. Tissue was obtained from the burn area of the rats sacrificed. No significant difference was found in Group II in terms of the severity of the dermatitis and inflammatory cell reactions when compared to Group I. No significant difference was observed between FGFR1immunoreactivity in the epidermis and dermis in Group I. While FGFR1immunoreactivity in 3 rats in Group II was similar to Group I, strong immunore activity that was more prominent in the epidermis was found in 7 rats in Group II. We believe that Achillea millefolium contributes to wound healing in burn injury due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hasan Ozen
- Kafkas University Department of Patology, KARS, Turkey
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Hichri F, Znati M, Bouajila J, Ben Jannet H. New cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones from Achillea cretica L. growing in Tunisia. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2018; 20:344-351. [PMID: 29160111 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1355362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical study of Achillea cretica growing in Tunisia led to the isolation of two novel sesquiterpene lactones, which have been designated achicretin 1 and achicretin 2. Their chemical structures were further confirmed by mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) and by extensive application of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines, IGROV-1, OVCAR-3, MCF-7, and HCT-116 using the MTT assay. It has been found that achicretin 2 exhibited more potent inhibitory activity with IC50 = values of 14.0 ± 1.0 and 16.0 ± 2.0 μM against OVCAR-3 and HCT-116 cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayçal Hichri
- a Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Girls in Abha , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
- b Laboratoire de Chimie hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité, Equipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir , Université de Monastir , Monastir 5019 , Tunisia
| | - Mansour Znati
- b Laboratoire de Chimie hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité, Equipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir , Université de Monastir , Monastir 5019 , Tunisia
| | - Jalloul Bouajila
- c Laboratoire des IMRCP UMR CNRS 5623, Faculté de Pharmacie de Toulouse , Université de Toulouse, Université Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse F-31062 , France
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- b Laboratoire de Chimie hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité, Equipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir , Université de Monastir , Monastir 5019 , Tunisia
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Chávez-Silva F, Cerón-Romero L, Arias-Durán L, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Almanza-Pérez J, Román-Ramos R, Ramírez-Ávila G, Perea-Arango I, Villalobos-Molina R, Estrada-Soto S. Antidiabetic effect of Achillea millefollium through multitarget interactions: α-glucosidases inhibition, insulin sensitization and insulin secretagogue activities. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 212:1-7. [PMID: 29031783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) is a perennial herb used in Mexican folk medicine for treatment of several pathologies, including inflammatory and spasmodic gastrointestinal disorders, hepatobiliary complaints, overactive cardiovascular, respiratory ailments and diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the potential antidiabetic effect in vivo and to establish the potential mode of action through in vitro approaches of Achillea millefolium. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antidiabetic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea millefolium (HAEAm) was evaluated on the oral glucose tolerance tests, in normoglycemic and experimental Type 2 diabetic mice models. In addition, we evaluated the possible mode of action in in vitro assays to determine α-glucosidases inhibition, the insulin secretion and calcium mobilization in RINm5F cells and PPARγ and GLUT4 expression in 3T3-L1 cells. RESULTS HAEAm showed significant glucose diminution on oral glucose tolerance test and in acute experimental Type 2 diabetic assay with respect to the control (p < 0.05). In addition, HAEAm promoted the α-glucosidases inhibition by 55% at 1mg/ml respect to control. On the other hand, HAEAm increased the PPARγ (five-times) and GLUT4 (two-fold) relative expression than control (p < 0.05). Finally, HAEAm significantly increased the insulin secretion and [Ca2+]i compared with control. CONCLUSION The HAEAm possesses in vivo antidiabetic effect, having such effect through multitarget modes of action that involve antihyperglycemic (α-glucosidases inhibition), hypoglycemic (insulin secretion) and potential insulin sensitizer (PPARγ/GLUT4 overexpression) actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Chávez-Silva
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Litzia Cerón-Romero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Luis Arias-Durán
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | | | - Julio Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Rubén Román-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | | | - Irene Perea-Arango
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Rafael Villalobos-Molina
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México 54090, Mexico
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
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Dorjsembe B, Lee HJ, Kim M, Dulamjav B, Jigjid T, Nho CW. Achillea asiatica extract and its active compounds induce cutaneous wound healing. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 206:306-314. [PMID: 28602757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Achillea asiatica Serg. is a perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae family that has long been traditionally used to treat acute intestinal and stomach inflammation, persistent fever, ulcers, wounds, and rheumatism. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the effect of A. asiatica extract (AAE) on cutaneous wound healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the effect of AAE on wounds, an incisional Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model was topically treated with AAE for 2 weeks. HaCaT keratinocytes, Hs68 dermal fibroblasts, and RAW 264.7 macrophages were used for in vitro experiments. After treatment with AAE, cell viability, cell migration, and production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were investigated. mRNA expression of collagen type I and III and inflammatory cytokines was measured by RT-PCR. The effect of AAE on activation of β-catenin and other markers was determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS AAE treatment significantly increased epithelialization and accelerated wound healing in SD rats. Meanwhile, AAE and its active compounds reduced NO and PGE2 release and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 macrophages, reflecting anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, AAE and its constituents stimulated collagen expression in Hs68 fibroblasts by activating transforming growth factor-β and stimulated keratinocyte differentiation and motility by inducing β-catenin, Akt, and keratinocyte differentiation markers. CONCLUSIONS AAE improves skin wounds in SD rats and supports keratinocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banzragch Dorjsembe
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ju Lee
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea; Systems Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsuk Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea; Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Batsuren Dulamjav
- Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tunsag Jigjid
- Natural Product Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea; Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.
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García-Risco MR, Mouhid L, Salas-Pérez L, López-Padilla A, Santoyo S, Jaime L, Ramírez de Molina A, Reglero G, Fornari T. Biological Activities of Asteraceae (Achillea millefolium and Calendula officinalis) and Lamiaceae (Melissa officinalis and Origanum majorana) Plant Extracts. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2017; 72:96-102. [PMID: 28101823 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Asteraceae (Achillea millefolium and Calendula officinalis) and Lamiaceae (Melissa officinalis and Origanum majorana) extracts were obtained by applying two sequential extraction processes: supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide, followed by ultrasonic assisted extraction using green solvents (ethanol and ethanol:water 50:50). The extracts were analyzed in terms of the total content of phenolic compounds and the content of flavonoids; the volatile oil composition of supercritical extracts was analyzed by gas chromatography and the antioxidant capacity and cell toxicity was determined. Lamiaceae plant extracts presented higher content of phenolics (and flavonoids) than Asteraceae extracts. Regardless of the species studied, the supercritical extracts presented the lowest antioxidant activity and the ethanol:water extracts offered the largest, following the order Origanum majorana > Melissa officinalis ≈ Achillea millefolium > Calendula officinalis. However, concerning the effect on cell toxicity, Asteraceae (especially Achillea millefolium) supercritical extracts were significantly more efficient despite being the less active as an antioxidant agent. These results indicate that the effect on cell viability is not related to the antioxidant activity of the extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lamia Mouhid
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies on Food (IMDEA-Food), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Susana Santoyo
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Jaime
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Reglero
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Madrid, Spain
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies on Food (IMDEA-Food), Madrid, Spain
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Stojanović GS, Rogova MA, Jovanović SČ, Yordanova Z, Zlatković BK. Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Bulgarian Endemic Species Achillea thracica from its Natural Habitat, and in vitro Propagated and ex vitro Established Plants. Nat Prod Commun 2017; 12:291-292. [PMID: 30428233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the chemical composition of headspace volatiles (HS) and acetone extracts of the endemic Bulgarian species Achillea thracica Velen. from its natural habitat (N), in vitro propagated (IN) and ex vitro established (EX) plants. Additionally, acetone extracts were tested by a disk diffusion method for antibacterial activity. Irregular monoterpenes were the most abundant HS volatile constituents, while 0,0-dimethyl quercetin was the most abundant flavonoid in the acetone extracts. The secondary metabolites of A. thracica grown in its natural habitat (N), propagated in vitro (IN) and ex vitro established (EX) showed that the qualitative composition is mutually similar, but there are differences in the quantitative composition. Considering antibacterial activity, IN and EX samples showed moderate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.
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32
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Galavi HR, Saravani R, Shahraki A, Ashtiani M. Anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing potential of hydroalcoholic Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch extract on human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-Mb-468. Pak J Pharm Sci 2016; 29:2397-2403. [PMID: 28167484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch contains a variety of components such as flavonoid. The previous studies showed that flavonoid has anti-cancer properties. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing potential of hydroalcoholic Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch extract (HAWE) on MCF-7 and MDA-Mb-468 human breast carcinoma cell lines. The anti-proliferative activity of HAWE was evaluated using MTT, flowcytometry by annexin V/PI double staining, and caspase-3 activity. The results of MTT showed that the ED50 of MCF-7 and MDA-Mb-468 was 25μg/ml of HAWE, 48h after treatment. Flowcytometry by annexin V/PI showed that HAWE induced late apoptosis in MCF-7 and early apoptosis in MDA-Mb-468. In addition, the caspase-3 colorimetric method showed that caspase-3 increased in the MDA-Mb-468 after treatment with HAWE. This study found that the hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch induced apoptosis in both the MCF-7 and MDA-Mb-468 human breast carcinoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Galavi
- Student Scientific Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran / Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ramin Saravani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran / Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ali Shahraki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ashtiani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Qureshi MN, Stecher G, Bonn GK. Quantification of polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids in Achillea millefolium and Equisetum arvense. Pak J Pharm Sci 2016; 29:1519-1523. [PMID: 27731806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids have been of considerable importance and interest because of their medicinal activity. Responding to their numerous health benefits, a comparative study on the quantitative determination of total polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids was carried out in Achillea millefolium and Equisetum arvense. Total polyphenolic compounds were quantified by Folin-Ciocalteau method using different solvents in order to prove their extraction efficiency. Focus within total polyphenolic quantification study was placed on the traditional reflux and solvents used were: water, 100% acetone, 100% ethanol, 80% ethanol, 50% methanol and 70% methanol. In order to make flavonoids free from glycosidic moiety for quantification, hydrolysis was performed in 50% MeOH at 90°C using 6 M HCl concentration. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in gradient elution mode at 50°C using Hypersil BDS (RP-18) column was employed for the separation of flavonoids. Mobile phase used consisted of different combinations of water-methanol-tetrahydrofuran-phosphoric acid. Flavonoids quantified were luteolin, quercetin, apigenin, isorhamnetin and kaempferol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guenther Stecher
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innrain Innsbruck, Austria / Bionorica Research GmbH, Mitterweg, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guenther Karl Bonn
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innrain Innsbruck, Austria
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Vitalini S, Madeo M, Tava A, Iriti M, Vallone L, Avato P, Cocuzza CE, Simonetti P, Argentieri MP. Chemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Achillea moschata Wulfen, an Endemic Species from the Alps. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070830. [PMID: 27347915 PMCID: PMC6273644 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerial parts of Achillea moschata Wulfen (Asteraceae) growing wild in the Italian Rhaetian Alps were investigated to describe, for the first time, their phenolic content, as well as to characterize the essential oil. Inspection of the metabolic profile combining HPLC-DAD and ESI-MS/MS data showed that the methanol extract contained glycosylated flavonoids with luteolin and apigenin as the main aglycones. Among them, the major compound was 7-O-glucosyl apigenin. Caffeoyl derivates were other phenolics identified. The essential oil obtained by steam distillation and investigated by GC/FID and GC/MS showed camphor, 1,8-cineole, and bornylacetate as the main constituents. The antioxidant capacity of three different extracts with increasing polarity and of the essential oil was evaluated by employing ABTS·+ and DPPH· radical scavenging assays. The methanolic extract was the only significantly effective sample against both synthetic radicals. All samples were also tested against Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial species using the disk diffusion assay. The non-polar extracts (dichloromethane and petroleum ether) and the essential oil possessed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity expressed according to inhibition zone diameter (8–24 mm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vitalini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Moira Madeo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy.
| | - Aldo Tava
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero Casearie (CREA-FLC), viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Lisa Vallone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare Università degli Studi di Milano, via Grasselli 7, 20137 Milano, Italy.
| | - Pinarosa Avato
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Clementina Elvezia Cocuzza
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy.
| | - Paolo Simonetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Maria Pia Argentieri
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Abstract
Achillea biebersteinii (Asteraceae) is a perennial medicinal plant and has a wide distributional range in the Mediterranean region. The present study investigated the inhibitory effects of different plant parts of A. biebersteinii on germination characteristics and seedling growth of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum). Water extracts were prepared by incubating separately five grams of dried powder of roots, stems, leaves and flowers of A. biebersteinii in 100 ml of distilled water for 24 h and distilled water was used as the control. The water extracts from different plant parts of A. biebersteinii differed in their effects on the germination and seedling growth of wild barley. Water extracts prepared from leaves and flowers were more suppressive to germination of wild barley than root and stem extracts. The maximum inhibition in radical and plumule growth of germinating caryopses and in root and shoot growth of greenhouse-grown wild barley was recorded for leaf extract followed by flower extract. The lowest Chl a, Chl b and total chlorophyll and protein contents were resulted after exposure to leaf extracts. According to these results, the inhibitory effects of different A. biebersteinii plant parts can be arranged in the order: leaf > flower > stem > root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Abu-Romman
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa' Applied University , Al-Salt 19117 , Jordan
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Kostevski IR, Petrović GM, Stojanović GS, Stamenković JG, Zlatković BK. Essential Oil Chemical Composition and Headspace Volatiles Profile of Achillea coarctata from Serbia. Nat Prod Commun 2016; 11:543-545. [PMID: 27396214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the essential oil composition and headspace volatiles profile of Achillea coarctata Poir. from Serbia. The inflorescences, stems and leaves, and the aerial parts of A. coarctata were analyzed separately. Germacrene D, α-terpineol and 1,8-cineole were the main constituents of the aerial parts essential oil; 1,8-cineole, cis-cadin-4-en-7-ol and α-terpineol were the most dominant compounds in the inflorescence essential oil, while the most abundant components in the stem and leaf oil were germacrene D, cis-cadin-4-en-7-ol and ledol. The percentages of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids in the aerial parts were the same, while there were differences in distribution of these compound classes in inflorescence and stem and leaf essential oils. The major components of the headspace volatiles were the same for aerial parts, inflorescence and stem and leaves: 1,8-cineole, β-pinene and α-pinene.
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Khazneh E, Hřibová P, Hošek J, Suchý P, Kollár P, Pražanová G, Muselík J, Hanaková Z, Václavík J, Miłek M, Legáth J, Šmejkal K. The Chemical Composition of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch and Its Desirable Effects on Hyperglycemia, Inflammatory Mediators and Hypercholesterolemia as Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Disease. Molecules 2016; 21:404. [PMID: 27023504 PMCID: PMC6273470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was done to identify the content compounds of Achillea wilhelmsii (A. wilhelmsii) and to evaluate its hypoglycemic and anti-hypercholesterolemic activity and effect on inflammatory mediators. The extracts and fractions of A. wilhelmsii were thoroughly analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the total content of phenols and flavonoids was determined. The hypoglycemic activity was evaluated in vivo using alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The effect upon inflammatory mediators was evaluated in vitro using the human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1). The anti-hypercholesterolemic activity was evaluated in vitro using the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase assay kit. The water extract (WE)-treated group showed the highest reduction in the fasting blood glucose levels (FBGL). The chloroform fraction (CF) and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) both showed a significant ability to reduce the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The EAF, however, also attenuated the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The CF showed the most significant 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) inhibition activity. The five main compounds in the CF were isolated and identified. Out of the five compounds in the CF, 1β,10β-epoxydesacetoxymatricarin (CP1) and leucodin (CP2) showed the highest anti-hypercholesterolemic potential. A molecular docking study provided corresponding results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elian Khazneh
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Hřibová
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Hošek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Suchý
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Peter Kollár
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Gabriela Pražanová
- Department of Human Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Muselík
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1-3, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Hanaková
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Václavík
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Michał Miłek
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6, Rzeszów 35-959, Poland.
| | - Jaroslav Legáth
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6, Rzeszów 35-959, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice 04181, Slovakia.
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
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Elmann A, Telerman A, Erlank H, Ofir R, Kashman Y, Beit-Yannai E. Achillolide A Protects Astrocytes against Oxidative Stress by Reducing Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species and Interfering with Cell Signaling. Molecules 2016; 21:301. [PMID: 26950103 PMCID: PMC6274406 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Achillolide A is a natural sesquiterpene lactone that we have previously shown can inhibit microglial activation. In this study we present evidence for its beneficial effects on astrocytes under oxidative stress, a situation relevant to neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries. Viability of brain astrocytes (primary cultures) was determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, intracellular ROS levels were detected using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, in vitro antioxidant activity was measured by differential pulse voltammetry, and protein phosphorylation was determined using specific ELISA kits. We have found that achillolide A prevented the H₂O₂-induced death of astrocytes, and attenuated the induced intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These activities could be attributed to the inhibition of the H₂O₂-induced phosphorylation of MAP/ERK kinase 1 (MEK1) and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and to the antioxidant activity of achillolide A, but not to H₂O₂ scavenging. This is the first study that demonstrates its protective effects on brain astrocytes, and its ability to interfere with MAPK activation. We propose that achillolide A deserves further evaluation for its potential to be developed as a drug for the prevention/treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries where oxidative stress is part of the pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Elmann
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Alona Telerman
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Hilla Erlank
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Rivka Ofir
- Dead Sea & Arava Science Center and Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba 84105, Israel.
| | - Yoel Kashman
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Elie Beit-Yannai
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba 84105, Israel.
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39
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Malinowska E, Jankowski K. Pesticide residues in some herbs growing in agricultural areas in Poland. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:775. [PMID: 26612566 PMCID: PMC4661190 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to assess residue content of plant protection products in selected herbs: Achillea millefolium L., Cichorium intybus L., Equisetum arvense L., Polygonum persicaria L., Plantago lanceolata L., and Plantago major L. The study comprises herbs growing in their natural habitat, 1 and 10 m away from crop fields. The herbs, 30 plants of each species, were sampled during the flowering stage between 1 and 20 July 2014. Pesticide residue content was measured with the QuECHERS method in the dry matter of leaves, stalks, and inflorescence, all mixed together. Out of six herb species growing close to wheat and maize fields, pesticide residues were found in three species: A. millefolium L., E. arvense L., and P. lanceolata L. Most plants containing the residues grew 1 m away from the wheat field. Two active substances of fungicides were found: diphenylamine and tebuconazole, and one active substance of insecticides: chlorpyrifos-ethyl. Those substances are illegal to use on herbal plants. Samples of E. arvense L. and P. lanceolata L. contained two active substances each, which constituted 10% of all samples, while A. millefolium L. contained one substance, which is 6.6% of all samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Malinowska
- Department of Grassland and Landscape Architecture, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, B. Prusa 14 Street, 08-110, Siedlce, Poland.
| | - Kazimierz Jankowski
- Department of Grassland and Landscape Architecture, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, B. Prusa 14 Street, 08-110, Siedlce, Poland
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40
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Jamali Hajiani N, Ghaderian SM, Karimi N, Schat H. A comparative study of antimony accumulation in plants growing in two mining areas in Iran, Moghanlo, and Patyar. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:16542-16553. [PMID: 26077322 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Antimony occurs locally at high concentrations in some mineralized soils. Very little is known about behavior of antimony in plants. In this study, we analyzed the soil and vegetation of two mining areas in Iran, Patyar, and Moghanlo. Total Sb concentrations in soil were 358-3482 mg/kg in Moghanlo and 284-886 mg/kg in Patyar. Corresponding Sb concentrations in plant shoots were 0.8-287 and 1.3-49 mg/kg, respectively. In both areas, foliar Sb concentrations increased with acid-extractable soil Sb, although the slope was about 2-fold steeper for Patyar than for Moghanlo. Regressing the foliar concentrations on water-soluble Sb yielded identical slopes for both areas, suggesting that the soluble fraction of Sb rather than total Sb is the direct determinant of foliar Sb accumulation. Both in Patyar and Moghanlo, only a minor part of the total variance of shoot Sb was explained by soluble Sb. The major part was explained by plant species, demonstrating that plant taxonomic identity is the most important determinant of foliar Sb accumulation capacity in both areas. The translocation factor (TF) was highly variable too, with species as the only significant variance component. Only four species were able to accumulate more than 100 mg/kg Sb in their leaves. Among these species, Achillea wilhelmsii and Matthiola farinosa were by far the best Sb accumulators, with, on average, 141 and 132 mg/kg Sb in their leaves. Of these two, only Matthiola farinosa consistently maintained TF values far above unity across the whole range of soluble Sb in Moghanlo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Jamali Hajiani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Seyed Majid Ghaderian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - Naser Karimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Henk Schat
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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Abuladze N, Javakhia M, Gabunia K, Iavich P, Gabelashvili M. CREATION OF OINTMENT COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING PHENOL COMPOUNDS FOR MEDICAL TREATMENT. Georgian Med News 2015:77-81. [PMID: 26483379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The research was aimed at studying the possibility of obtaining drug ointments with a potential anti-mycotic activity by using thick extracts obtained from the leaves of fustic, hazel, nut and bark of the oak. There were prepared the ointment compositions on different bases. As a methodology for studying the properties of the obtained ointments, there have been used the studies of colloidal stability and resorption of tanning substances in agar. The obtained results allow for making conclusion that the selected ointments are colloidally stable, and the values of movement of zones of biologically active substances in the agar body are large enough. These data allow for forecasting both the possibility of creating the similar ointment systems and their rather high properties. Based on the obtained data, there have been selected the ointment composition variants for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Abuladze
- Akaki Tsereteli State University, Kutaisi; I. Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - M Javakhia
- Akaki Tsereteli State University, Kutaisi; I. Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - K Gabunia
- Akaki Tsereteli State University, Kutaisi; I. Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - P Iavich
- Akaki Tsereteli State University, Kutaisi; I. Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - M Gabelashvili
- Akaki Tsereteli State University, Kutaisi; I. Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Tbilisi, Georgia
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42
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Chen XQ, Wang M, Zhang X, Guo WW, Wu X. [Study on chemical constituents of Achillea alpina]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2015; 40:1330-1333. [PMID: 26281557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Twelve compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Achillea alpina by column chromatographies on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis. The compounds were identified as pellitorine(1), 8,9-dehydropellitorine(2), (E,E)-2,4-undecadien-8, 10-diynoic acid isobutylamide(3), (E,E)-2,4-tetradecadien-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide(4),sintenin(5), 4',5,7,8-tetramethoxyflavone(6), chrysoplenetin(7), formononetin(8), aurantiamide(9), asperglaucide(10), artemetin(11), and eupatorin(12). compounds 1-5 were isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 6-10 were isolated from the genus Achillea for the first time.
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Baharara J, Namvar F, Ramezani T, Mousavi M, Mohamad R. Silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using Achillea biebersteinii flower extract: apoptosis induction in MCF-7 cells via caspase activation and regulation of Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression. Molecules 2015; 20:2693-706. [PMID: 25665064 PMCID: PMC6272258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20022693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), the most popular nanoparticles, possess unique properties. Achillea biebersteinii is a plant of the Asteraceae family rich in active antitumor components. The aim of this research was the characterization and investigation of the cytotoxic properties of Ag-NPs synthesized using A. biebersteinii flower extract, on a human breast cancer cell line. The Ag-NPs were synthesized after approximately 180 min of reaction at 40 °C, then they were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The anti-apoptosis effect of Ag-NPs on the MCF-7 cell line was investigated by MTT assay, DAPI and acridine orange staining and caspase activity. The transcriptional expression of bax, bcl-2, caspase-3, -8 and -9 were also evaluated by RT-PCR. The TEM images revealed that the Ag-NPs morphology had a different shape. The DLS indicated that the average hydrodynamic diameter of the biosynthesized Ag-NPs was around 12 nm. By UV-visible spectroscopy the strongest absorbance peak was observed at 460 nm. The FTIR results also showed interaction between the plant extract and Ag-NPs due to the similarity in the peak patterns. The EDS results showed that Ag-NPs display an absorption peak at 3 keV, indicating the presence of the element silver. The Ag-NPs caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability, fragmentation in nucleic acid, inhibited the proliferation and induction of apoptosis on MCF-7 by suppressing specific cell cycle genes, and simulation programmed cell dead genes. Further investigation is required to establish the potential of this novel and promising approach in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Baharara
- Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 917568, Iran.
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 917568, Iran.
| | - Farideh Namvar
- Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 917568, Iran.
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Tayebe Ramezani
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 14911, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Mousavi
- Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 917568, Iran.
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
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Elmann A, Telerman A, Mordechay S, Erlank H, Rindner M, Kashman Y, Ofir R. Downregulation of microglial activation by achillolide A. Planta Med 2015; 81:215-221. [PMID: 25654405 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1396204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. During the neuroinflammatory process, microglial cells release neurotoxic and proinflammatory mediators. In the present study, using activity-guided fractionation, we have purified an anti-inflammatory compound determined by spectroscopic methods to be a sesquiterpene lactone named achillolide A from Achillea fragrantissima (Forsk.) Sch. Bip. In primary cultures of lipopolysaccharide-activated microglial cells, achillolide A inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced levels of proinflammatory and toxic mediators including glutamate, nitric oxide, matrix metalloproteinase-9, cyclooxygenase-2, induced nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Achillolide A also exhibited an antioxidant capacity, as was shown in a cell free system as well as by its ability to reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in microglial cells. Thus, achillolide A might have therapeutic potential for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and deserves further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Elmann
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Alona Telerman
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Sharon Mordechay
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Hilla Erlank
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Miriam Rindner
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Yoel Kashman
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Rivka Ofir
- Dead Sea & Arava Science Center and Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, Israel
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45
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Dadkhah A, Fatemi F, Alipour M, Ghaderi Z, Zolfaghari F, Razdan F. Protective effects of Iranian Achillea wilhelmsii essential oil on acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress in rat liver. Pharm Biol 2015; 53:220-227. [PMID: 25243867 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.913298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch (Asteraceae) is widely used in Iranian traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE This in vivo study evaluates the hepatoprotective role of Iranian A. wilhelmsii oils against acetaminophen-induced oxidative damages in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals were divided into five groups: in negative control and control groups, the DMSO and 500 mg/kg acetaminophen were i.p. injected, respectively. In treatment groups, 100 and 200 mg/kg oils and 10 mg/kg BHT were given i.p. immediately after acetaminophen administration. Then, the hepatic oxidative/antioxidant parameters such as lipid peroxidation (LP), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were measured in time intervals (2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 h) after administrations confirmed by histophatological consideration at 24 h. RESULTS The results indicated that acetaminophen caused a significant elevation in SOD activity (8-24 h) and LP and FRAP levels (4 h) paralleled with significant decline in GSH level (4 and 8 h). The apparent oxidative injury was associated with evident hepatic necrosis confirmed in histological examination. The presences of A. wilhelmsii oils (100 and 200 mg/kg) with acetaminophen mitigated significantly the rise in SOD, LP, and FRAP levels and restored the GSH compared with the group treated with acetaminophen. These were confirmed by histological examination indicating the hepatic necrosis reversal by the oils. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION It can be concluded that concomitant administration of A. wilhelmsii oils with acetaminophen may be useful in reversing the drug hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dadkhah
- Faculty of Medicine, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University , Qom , Iran
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46
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Bekdeşer B, Durusoy N, Özyürek M, Güçlü K, Apak R. Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols from herbal teas and evaluation of their in vitro hypochlorous acid scavenging activity. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:11109-11115. [PMID: 25365495 DOI: 10.1021/jf503065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an important reactive oxygen species (ROS) and non-radical and is taking part in physiological processes concerned with the defense of the organism, but there has been limited information regarding its scavenging by polyphenols. This study was designed to examine the HOCl scavenging activity of several polyphenols and microwave-assisted extracts of herbal teas. HOCl scavenging activity has usually been determined spectrophotometrically by a KI/taurine assay at 350 nm. Because some polyphenols (i.e., apigenin and chrysin) have a strong ultraviolet (UV) absorption in this range, their HOCl scavenging activity was alternatively determined without interference using resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene) as a fluorogenic probe. In the present assay, HOCl induces the chlorination of resorcinol into its non-fluorescent products. Polyphenols as HOCl scavengers inhibit the chlorination of the probe by this species. Thus, the 25% inhibitive concentration (IC25) value of polyphenols was determined using the relative increase in fluorescence intensity of the resorcinol probe. The HOCl scavenging activities of the test compounds decreased in the order: epigallocatechin gallate > quercetin > gallic acid > rutin > catechin > kaempferol. The present study revealed that epigallocatechin gallate (IC25 = 0.1 μM) was the most effective scavenging agent. In addition to polyphenols, four herbal teas were evaluated for their HOCl activity using the resorcinol method. The proposed spectrofluorometric method was practical, rapid, and less open to interferences by absorbing substances in the range of 200-420 nm. The results hint to the possibility of polyphenols having beneficial effects in diseases, such as atherosclerosis, in which HOCl plays a pathogenic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Bekdeşer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
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47
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Peng HY, Lin CC, Wang HY, Shih Y, Chou ST. The melanogenesis alteration effects of Achillea millefolium L. essential oil and linalyl acetate: involvement of oxidative stress and the JNK and ERK signaling pathways in melanoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95186. [PMID: 24743745 PMCID: PMC3990609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2 and p38 MAPK, is known to be activated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation in melanocytes to regulate melanin production. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in the pathway of ERK and JNK activation. It has been established that the essential oil of Achillea millefolium L. (AM-EO) has activities that suppress the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Thus, we analyzed the effects of AM-EO on melanogenesis in melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) treated melanoma cells. The results demonstrated that AM-EO suppresses melanin production by decreasing tyrosinase activity through the regulation of the JNK and ERK signaling pathways. This effect might be associated with the AM-EO activity leading to the suppression of ROS, and linalyl acetate is its major functional component. Therefore, we propose that AM-EO has the potential to treat hyperpigmentation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Peng
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Ying Shih
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (S-TC); (YS)
| | - Su-Tze Chou
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (S-TC); (YS)
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48
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Baharara J, Namvar F, Ramezani T, Hosseini N, Mohamad R. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Achillea biebersteinii flower extract and its anti-angiogenic properties in the rat aortic ring model. Molecules 2014; 19:4624-34. [PMID: 24739926 PMCID: PMC6271002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19044624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles display unique physical and biological properties which have attracted intensive research interest because of their important medical applications. In this study silver nanoparticles (Ab.Ag-NPs) were synthesized for biomedical applications using a completely green biosynthetic method using Achillea biebersteinii flowers extract. The structure and properties of Ab.Ag-NPs were investigated using UV-visible spectroscopic techniques, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometers (EDS). The UV-visible spectroscopic analysis showed the absorbance peak at 460 nm, which indicates the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The average particle diameter as determined by TEM was found to be 12±2 nm. The zeta potential analysis indicated that Ab.Ag-NPs have good stability EDX analysis also exhibits presentation of silver element. As angiogenesis is an important phenomenon and as growth factors imbalance in this process causes the acceleration of several diseases including cancer, the anti-angiogenic properties of Ab.Ag-NPs were evaluated using the rat aortic ring model. The results showed that Ab.Ag-NPs (200 μg/mL) lead to a 50% reduction in the length and number of vessel-like structures. The synthesized silver nanoparticles from the Achillea biebersteinii flowers extract, which do not involve any harmful chemicals were well-dispersed and stabilized through this green method and showed potential therapeutic benefits against angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Baharara
- Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Farideh Namvar
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
| | - Tayebe Ramezani
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 31979-37551, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Hosseini
- Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
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49
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Ali N, Shah SWA, Ahmed G, Shah I, Shoaib M, Junaid M, Ali W. Acute toxicity and antispasmodic activities of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch. Pak J Pharm Sci 2014; 27:309-315. [PMID: 24577920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Since Achillea wilhelmsii is used as antispasmodic in traditional medicine, we conducted our current work to investigate its rationale on scientific grounds. Acute toxicity studies of crude methanol extract of Achillea wilhelmsii (Aw. CMeOH) is also performed. Effect of Aw. CMeOH and its fractions were tested on isolated sections of rabbits' jejunum at test concentrations 0.01, 0.03, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 10mg/ml. The test extracts, in similar concentrations, were also tested on KCl-induced contractions. Calcium chloride curves were constructed for those fractions which relaxed KCl induced contractions in the absence and presence of the test samples to investigate its possible mode of action through calcium channels. Aw. CMeOH tested positive for flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, sterols, phenols, carbohydrates and proteins. LD(50) for acute toxicity studies is 2707±12.6 mg/kg. Mean EC(50) values for Aw. CMeOH on spontaneous and KCl-induced contractions are 3.41±0.18 (2.56-3.8, n=6) and 0.68±0.05 (0.6-0.85, n=6) mg/ml, respectively. Respective EC(50) values for n-hexane fraction on spontaneous and KCl-induced contractions are 3.06±0.08 (2.8-3.3, n=6) and 1.68±0.8 (1.4-1.9, n=6) mg/ml, respectively. Corresponding EC(50) (mg/ml) values for chloroformic, ethylacetate and aqueous fractions of Achillea wilhelmsii on spontaneous rabbits' jejunum preparations are 4.8±0.2 (4.41-5.63, n=6), 5.07±0.15 (4.7-5.58, n=6) and 5.2±0.13 (4.91-5.64, n=4), respectively. Constructing calcium chloride curves, in the presence of 0.1 mg/ml of Aw. CMeOH, mean EC(50) value (log molar [Ca(++)]) is-1.98±0.03 (-1.89-2.05, n=6) vs. control EC(50) (log molar [Ca(++)])-2.41±0.02 (-2.32-2.44, n=6). Mean EC(50) value (log molar [Ca(++)]) for 0.3 mg/ml n-hexane fraction is-1.76±0.05 (-1.70 -1.93, n=6) vs. control EC(50) (log molar [Ca(++)]) value-2.18±0.07 (-2.0-2.46, n=6). While in the presence of chloroformic fraction (3 mg/ml), mean EC(50) (log molar [Ca(++)]) value is -2.4±0.1 (-2.78 -2.9, n=6) vs. control EC(50) (log molar [Ca(++)]) value-2.70±0.05 (-2.5-2.8, n=6). Mean EC(50) value (log molar [Ca(++)]) for ethyl acetate fraction (1 mg/ml) is-1.94±0.07 (-1.75-2.05, n=6) vs. control EC(50) (log molar [Ca(++)]) value-2.69±0.04 (-2.57-2.79, n=6). Mean EC(50) (log molar [Ca(++)]) value for residual aqueous fraction (3 mg/ml) is-1.8±0.3 (-1.71-1.84, n=6) vs. control EC(50) (log molar [Ca(++)]) -2.6±0.04 (-2.59-2.76, n=6). Whereas, the verapamil (0.1µM) EC(50) value (log molar [Ca(++)]) is-1.7±0.1 (-1.6-1.8, n=6) vs. control EC(50) value (log molar [Ca(++)])- 2.4±0.09 (-2.3-2.47, n=6). The present research work confirms that the intestinal relaxation effect of Achillea wilhelmsii is supporting its traditional use as antispasmodic. The plant species can be a source for calcium antagonist(s), which can preferably be isolated from n-hexane fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | | | - Ghayour Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KP, Pakistan / Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KP, Pakistan
| | - Ismail Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KP, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Shoaib
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KP, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir, KP, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
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Trifunović S, Isaković AM, Isaković A, Vučković I, Mandić B, Novaković M, Vajs V, Milosavljević S, Trajković V. Isolation, characterization, and in vitro cytotoxicity of new sesquiterpenoids from Achillea clavennae. Planta Med 2014; 80:297-305. [PMID: 24510367 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1360312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Further phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Achillea clavennae has resulted in the isolation of three new sesquiterpene lactones: two highly oxygenated germacranolides (1, 2) and the iso-seco-guaianolide 9(R)-acetoxy-3-O-methyl-iso-seco-tanapartholide (3). Eight known compounds were also found, of which 9α-acetoxycanin (5), sintenin (6), and oleanolic acid (7) were detected for the first time. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by combined spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, CIMS, and FTIR). While the predominant metabolite germacranolide sintenin (6) was not cytotoxic, the new iso-seco-guaianolide (3) displayed cytotoxicity comparable to that of cisplatin and the lactone apressin (4), inducing partly apoptotic death in human U251 and rat C6 glioma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anđelka M Isaković
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Isaković
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Vučković
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boris Mandić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Novaković
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vlatka Vajs
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Vladimir Trajković
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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