2
|
Feneberg AC, Nater UM. An ecological momentary music intervention for the reduction of acute stress in daily life: A mixed methods feasibility study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:927705. [PMID: 36248548 PMCID: PMC9558284 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.927705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the growing potential of mobile-based technologies, innovative interventions targeting the reduction of acute stress in daily life remain under-researched. Music listening is an easy-to-administer activity that is associated with lower levels of biological and self-reported stress. However, the application of music as an intervention in moments of acute stress in daily life remains to be examined. We developed a just-in-time intervention delivering music in moments of stressful experiences in daily life and tested its feasibility using a mixed methods approach. Methods: In this uncontrolled pilot study, the ecological momentary music intervention (EMMI) was tested by 10 chronically stressed women aged 23.5 ± 3.3 years. Over 18 consecutive days, whenever participants reported stressful experiences, they were encouraged to listen to a self-compiled playlist. Subjective stress levels and saliva samples were assessed at three time points per stress report (T0, upon reporting a stressful situation; T1, directly after music listening/15 min after T0 in case of no music listening; T2, 15 min after T1). We analyzed app-based log data, in-the-moment responses, questionnaire data, and semi-structured interview data. Results: On average, participants’ compliance with the study protocol lay at 70%. Overall, 65 stressful experiences were reported, 51 of which were followed by music listening, for an average duration of 12:53 min. Complete data (i.e., self-reports and saliva samples at all three time points) were provided for 46 stressful experiences. Participants reported immediate relaxation and distraction through music listening. The interviews revealed that the intervention was easy to use and that music listening in moments of perceived stress was viewed as a new and pleasant activity. Several aspects of the protocol (e.g., number of items and prompts) were identified, which should be improved in future studies. Conclusion: Since repeated stressful experiences in daily life can pose a threat to physical and mental integrity, interventions that are easily applicable and deliver support when needed most are necessary. Following minor adaptations, the EMMI can be considered as a feasible approach to target psychobiological stress responses in daily life, which is worthy of investigation in future larger-scale trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja C. Feneberg
- Department for Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- University Research Platform “The Stress of Life (SOLE) – Processes and Mechanisms underlying Everyday Life Stress”, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Urs M. Nater
- Department for Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- University Research Platform “The Stress of Life (SOLE) – Processes and Mechanisms underlying Everyday Life Stress”, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Urs M. Nater,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dingle GA, Sharman LS, Bauer Z, Beckman E, Broughton M, Bunzli E, Davidson R, Draper G, Fairley S, Farrell C, Flynn LM, Gomersall S, Hong M, Larwood J, Lee C, Lee J, Nitschinsk L, Peluso N, Reedman SE, Vidas D, Walter ZC, Wright ORL. How Do Music Activities Affect Health and Well-Being? A Scoping Review of Studies Examining Psychosocial Mechanisms. Front Psychol 2021; 12:713818. [PMID: 34566791 PMCID: PMC8455907 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.713818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This scoping review analyzed research about how music activities may affect participants' health and well-being. Primary outcomes were measures of health (including symptoms and health behaviors) and well-being. Secondary measures included a range of psychosocial processes such as arousal, mood, social connection, physical activation or relaxation, cognitive functions, and identity. Diverse music activities were considered: receptive and intentional music listening; sharing music; instrument playing; group singing; lyrics and rapping; movement and dance; and songwriting, composition, and improvisation. Methods: Nine databases were searched with terms related to the eight music activities and the psychosocial variables of interest. Sixty-three papers met selection criteria, representing 6,975 participants of all ages, nationalities, and contexts. Results: Receptive and intentional music listening were found to reduce pain through changes in physiological arousal in some studies but not others. Shared music listening (e.g., concerts or radio programs) enhanced social connections and mood in older adults and in hospital patients. Music listening and carer singing decreased agitation and improved posture, movement, and well-being of people with dementia. Group singing supported cognitive health and well-being of older adults and those with mental health problems, lung disease, stroke, and dementia through its effects on cognitive functions, mood, and social connections. Playing a musical instrument was associated with improved cognitive health and well-being in school students, older adults, and people with mild brain injuries via effects on motor, cognitive and social processes. Dance and movement with music programs were associated with improved health and well-being in people with dementia, women with postnatal depression, and sedentary women with obesity through various cognitive, physical, and social processes. Rapping, songwriting, and composition helped the well-being of marginalized people through effects on social and cultural inclusion and connection, self-esteem and empowerment. Discussion: Music activities offer a rich and underutilized resource for health and well-being to participants of diverse ages, backgrounds, and settings. The review provides preliminary evidence that particular music activities may be recommended for specific psychosocial purposes and for specific health conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve A Dingle
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Leah S Sharman
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Zoe Bauer
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma Beckman
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mary Broughton
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Music, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma Bunzli
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert Davidson
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Music, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Grace Draper
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Sheranne Fairley
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,University of Queensland Business School, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Callyn Farrell
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Libby Maree Flynn
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Music, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sjaan Gomersall
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mengxun Hong
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Joel Larwood
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Chiying Lee
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer Lee
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Lewis Nitschinsk
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Natalie Peluso
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah Elizabeth Reedman
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dianna Vidas
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Zoe C Walter
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Olivia Renee Louise Wright
- UQ Music, Dance and Health Research Group, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ferreri L, Singer N, McPhee M, Ripollés P, Zatorre RJ, Mas-Herrero E. Engagement in Music-Related Activities During the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Mirror of Individual Differences in Musical Reward and Coping Strategies. Front Psychol 2021; 12:673772. [PMID: 34262511 PMCID: PMC8273332 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.673772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures taken to mitigate its impact (e.g., confinement orders) have affected people's lives in profound ways that would have been unimagable only months before the pandemic began. Media reports from the height of the pandemic's initial international surge frequently highlighted that many people were engaging in music-related activities (from singing and dancing to playing music from balconies and attending virtual concerts) to help them cope with the strain of the pandemic. Our first goal in this study was to investigate changes in music-related habits due to the pandemic. We also investigated whether engagement in distinct music-related activities (singing, listening, dancing, etc.) was associated with individual differences in musical reward, music perception, musical training, or emotional regulation strategies. To do so, we collected detailed (~1 h-long) surveys during the initial peak of shelter-in-place order implementation (May-June 2020) from over a thousand individuals across different Countries in which the pandemic was especially devastating at that time: the USA, Spain, and Italy. Our findings indicate that, on average, people spent more time in music-related activities while under confinement than they had before the pandemic. Notably, this change in behavior was dependent on individual differences in music reward sensitivity, and in emotional regulation strategies. Finally, the type of musical activity with which individuals engaged was further associated with the degree to which they used music as a way to regulate stress, to address the lack of social interaction (especially the individuals more concerned about the risk of contracting the virus), or to cheer themselves up (especially those who were more worried about the pandemic consequences). Identifying which music-related activities have been particularly sought for by the population as a means for coping with such heightened uncertainty and stress, and understanding the individual differences that underlie said propensities are crucial to implementing personalized music-based interventions that aim to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ferreri
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Neomi Singer
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael McPhee
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Music and Auditory Research Laboratory (MARL), New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pablo Ripollés
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Music and Auditory Research Laboratory (MARL), New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Language, Music and Emotion (CLaME), New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert J. Zatorre
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ernest Mas-Herrero
- Department of Cognition, Development and Education Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
de Witte M, Spruit A, van Hooren S, Moonen X, Stams GJ. Effects of music interventions on stress-related outcomes: a systematic review and two meta-analyses. Health Psychol Rev 2019; 14:294-324. [PMID: 31167611 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2019.1627897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Music interventions are used for stress reduction in a variety of settings because of the positive effects of music listening on both physiological arousal (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, and hormonal levels) and psychological stress experiences (e.g., restlessness, anxiety, and nervousness). To summarize the growing body of empirical research, two multilevel meta-analyses of 104 RCTs, containing 327 effect sizes and 9,617 participants, were performed to assess the strength of the effects of music interventions on both physiological and psychological stress-related outcomes, and to test the potential moderators of the intervention effects. Results showed that music interventions had an overall significant effect on stress reduction in both physiological (d = .380) and psychological (d = .545) outcomes. Further, moderator analyses showed that the type of outcome assessment moderated the effects of music interventions on stress-related outcomes. Larger effects were found on heart rate (d = .456), compared to blood pressure (d = .343) and hormone levels (d = .349). Implications for stress-reducing music interventions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina de Witte
- HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Stevig, Expert Treatment Centre for People with Mild Intellectual Disabilities and Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders, Gennep, The Netherlands.,KenVaK, Research Centre for the Arts Therapies, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Spruit
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan van Hooren
- KenVaK, Research Centre for the Arts Therapies, Heerlen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Healthcare, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier Moonen
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Healthcare, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Stams
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|