Agenesis of multiple primary teeth and

Non-syndromic Oligodontia in Primary Dentition: A Report of a Rare Case

The congenital absence of teeth is the most common dental anomaly affecting 2.2% to 10% of the population. It could be present in the form of anodontia, hypodontia, or oligodontia, excluding wisdom teeth. Oligodontia is most commonly associated with several syndromes like ectodermal dysplasia, Down syndrome, and Van der Woude syndrome that involve the mutation of the MSX-1 and PAX-1 genes. Few cases have been reported in the literature on how oligodontia affects primary dentition. In this case report, a total of 17 primary teeth were missing. This case report investigates whether the features of non-syndromic oligodontia are present in the primary dentition in a two-year-old boy.

Five-Year Follow-Up of a Child with Non-Syndromic Oligodontia from before the Primary Dentition Stage: A Case Report

BACKGROUND

Congenital absence of teeth is a major dental abnormality in pediatric dentistry and the absence of six or more teeth is defined as oligodontia. Few reports of patients with non-syndromic oligodontia without systemic disease have continued dental follow-up from an early age.

METHODS

We performed the five-year follow-up from before the eruption of the primary dentition of a Japanese child with non-syndromic oligodontia and analyzed changes in dental arch growth.

RESULTS

At the oral examination at the age of 1 year and 2 months, eight primary incisors were congenitally absent. Therefore, we made dentures for the patient at the age of 3 years and 4 months. From the age of 5 years and 1 month, the child received articulation training for dysarthria from a speech therapist to improve the function and appearance of the oral cavity. Measurement of the patient's dental models revealed a particularly narrow dental arch, especially between the primary canines.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings highlight the importance of treatment for patients with non-syndromic oligodontia from an early age by multiple medical professionals, recognizing that the missing teeth affect the growth of the maxillofacial region.