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Srivastava VK, Badnaware S, Kumar A, Khairnar M, Chandel M, Bhati V, Gupta P, Sonal S, Ramasamy S. Prevalence of most caries-susceptible area on individual primary tooth surface: an observational study. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024; 48:111-120. [PMID: 38548640 DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to multifactorial aetiology, tooth surfaces of primary dentition are more prone to dental caries and follow the specific pattern of dental caries which is difficult to control. The proper knowledge of caries-susceptible areas on individual primary teeth surfaces guides the clinician to take early preventive measures to stop the progression of dental caries. This study aims to find the prevalence of caries-susceptible areas on primary teeth surfaces in preschool children and the most commonly affected primary teeth. The study design adopted was a cross-sectional study. A total number of 3720 teeth of 186 preschool children were examined for initial pinpoint caries lesions using World Health Organization (WHO) caries detection criteria. 33 caries-susceptible areas were examined on individual primary tooth surfaces of preschool children who visited the Faculty of Dental Sciences. Each tooth surface was recorded separately and no radiographic examination was done. Obtained data was analysed keeping the level of significance at 5%. The overall prevalence of caries-susceptible area was found significantly higher in the maxillary teeth (Maxillary teeth: 41.7% vs. Mandible teeth: 30.7%; p < 0.001) and anterior teeth (Anterior teeth: 43.7% vs. Posterior teeth: 28.4%; p < 0.001). The prevalence of caries-susceptible area on primary teeth on the right side when compared to left counterparts was similar (Right side-38.6% and left side-38.4%; p = 0.931). Area 2 was the most prevalent area on primary teeth surfaces and primary canine was more prevalent in caries-susceptible areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Srivastava
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, BHU, 221005 Varanasi, India
| | - Sheetal Badnaware
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, BHU, 221005 Varanasi, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, BHU, 221005 Varanasi, India
| | - Mahesh Khairnar
- Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, BHU, 221005 Varanasi, India
| | - Meenakshi Chandel
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, BHU, 221005 Varanasi, India
| | - Vaishali Bhati
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, BHU, 221005 Varanasi, India
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, BHU, 221005 Varanasi, India
| | - Sannu Sonal
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, BHU, 221005 Varanasi, India
| | - Shalini Ramasamy
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, BHU, 221005 Varanasi, India
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Chandel M, Sharma AK, Thakur K, Sharma D, Brar B, Mahajan D, Kumari H, Pankaj PP, Kumar R. Poison in the water: Arsenic's silent assault on fish health. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38262619 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic occurs across the world in freshwater and marine environments, menacing the survival of aquatic organisms. Organic and inorganic forms of this substance can be found, in which the inorganic form is more hazardous than the organic form. Most aquatic bodies contain inorganic arsenic species, but organic species are believed to be the dominant form of arsenic in the majority of fish. Natural and anthropogenic both are the sources of water contamination with arsenic. Its bioaccumulation and transfer from one trophic level to another in the aquatic food chain make arsenic a vital environmental issue. Continuous exposure to low concentrations of arsenic in aquatic organisms including fish leads to its bioaccumulation, which may affect organisms of higher trophic levels including large fishes or humans. Humans can be exposed to arsenic through the consumption of fish contaminated with arsenic. Hence, the present review facilitates our understanding about sources of arsenic, its bioaccumulation, food chain transfer, and its effect on the fish health. Also, "Poison in the Water: Arsenic's Silent Assault on Fish Health" serves as a wake-up call to recognize the pressing need to address arsenic contamination in water bodies. By understanding its devastating impact on fish health, we can strive to implement sustainable practices and policies that safeguard our precious aquatic environments and ensure the well-being of both wildlife and human communities that depend on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Chandel
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, India
| | - Amit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, India
| | - Kushal Thakur
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, India
| | - Dixit Sharma
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, India
| | - Bhavna Brar
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, India
| | - Danish Mahajan
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, India
| | - Hishani Kumari
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, India
| | - Pranay Punj Pankaj
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, India
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Badnaware S, Srivastava VK, Chandel M. Non-syndromic Oligodontia in Primary Dentition: A Report of a Rare Case. Cureus 2023; 15:e39426. [PMID: 37378140 PMCID: PMC10292124 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The congenital absence of teeth is the most common dental anomaly affecting 2.2% to 10% of the population. It could be present in the form of anodontia, hypodontia, or oligodontia, excluding wisdom teeth. Oligodontia is most commonly associated with several syndromes like ectodermal dysplasia, Down syndrome, and Van der Woude syndrome that involve the mutation of the MSX-1 and PAX-1 genes. Few cases have been reported in the literature on how oligodontia affects primary dentition. In this case report, a total of 17 primary teeth were missing. This case report investigates whether the features of non-syndromic oligodontia are present in the primary dentition in a two-year-old boy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Badnaware
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IND
| | - Vinay Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IND
| | - Meenakshi Chandel
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IND
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Badnaware S, Srivastava VK, Chandel M, Gupta P, Fulzele P. Dental and Craniofacial Manifestation of Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e26442. [PMID: 35923678 PMCID: PMC9339346 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is an autosomal dominant syndrome with a prevalence estimated at 1:50000 to 1:100000 in newborns. It is mainly characterized by ocular, craniofacial, and dental abnormalities. From the pediatric dentist's point of view, early diagnosis of the syndrome from the ocular, craniofacial, and dental manifestation can prevent further abnormalities and ocular complications such as glaucoma. This case report presents a brief description of ARS with the characteristics of craniofacial and dental findings.
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Kesarwani P, Narang S, Chawla D, Jain S, Chandel M, Sood S. Vision-related quality of life in children with treated retinopathy of prematurity. Indian J Ophthalmol 2019; 67:932-935. [PMID: 31124518 PMCID: PMC6552614 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_323_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate vision-related quality of life in children treated for retinopathy of prematurity. Methods: Cross sectional observational study of 54 treated ROP babies 2–7 years of age. The study excluded babies with chronic pediatric conditions and babies of parents suffering from mental illness. Detailed examination including visual acuity was done for all. Two versions of CVFQ questionnaire for children under 3 and above 3 years of age were posed to parents in this study. CVFQ contains six subscales: General health, vision health, competence, personality, family impact, and treatment difficulty. The scores ranged from 0 (worst score) to 1 (best score). Results: The study included 54 children with mean birth weight was 1194 grams, mean gestation age 30 weeks. The age, gender, birth weight, and gestational age didn’t affect the overall quality of life (P > 0.05). The severity of ROP (stage 4 and 5) had poorer CVFQ scores (personality and family impact subscales). Competence and personality scores were significantly lower in zone I disease. The quality of life especially general vision, competence, personality, and treatment difficulty subscales had significantly lower values in ROP with higher clock hour involvement (P < 0.05). With myopia after ROP treatment, only personality subscale was significantly affected (P 0.02). Mean CVFQ score including the family impact and treatment difficulty subscale score was also significantly lower in amblyopic and anisometropic children (P value < 0.05). Family impact subscale and overall quality of life was significantly lower in children with strabismus than children without strabismus (P 0.001). Conclusion: ROP has negative effect on the vision-related quality of life of children and their parents. The overall quality of life worsened with the increase in the severity of disease and the occurrence of ocular sequelae of ROP. The vision of the baby may not be the only cause of low scores in the quality of life questionnaire in ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Kesarwani
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, India
| | - Subina Narang
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepak Chawla
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, India
| | - Suksham Jain
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, India
| | - Meenakshi Chandel
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunandan Sood
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, India
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Moitra D, Ghosh BK, Chandel M, Jani RK, Patra MK, Vadera SR, Ghosh NN. Synthesis of a Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4–RGO nanocomposite: an excellent magnetically separable catalyst for dye degradation and microwave absorber. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26634c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite has been synthesized by a simple ‘in situ co-precipitation’ technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Moitra
- Nanomaterials Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus
- Zuarinagar
| | - B. K. Ghosh
- Nanomaterials Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus
- Zuarinagar
| | - M. Chandel
- Nanomaterials Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus
- Zuarinagar
| | | | | | | | - N. N. Ghosh
- Nanomaterials Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus
- Zuarinagar
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Chandel M, Azmi W. Purification and characterization of tyrosine phenol lyase from Citrobacter freundii. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 171:2040-52. [PMID: 24022778 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The purification and characterization of intracellular tyrosine phenol lyase from Citrobacter freundii has been carried out. The enzyme was purified 35-fold to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Its subunit molecular weight was found to be 52 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified tyrosine phenol lyase showed maximum activity in borate buffer (0.05 M at pH 8.5) at 45 °C after 20 min of incubation. The Km and Vmax values of purified enzyme were found to be 0.446 mm and 0.342 mM/min/mg. This enzyme exhibits t1/2 of 10, 52 and 130 min at 55, 45 and 35 °C, respectively. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined as MET-ASN-TYR-PRO-ALA-GLU-PRO-PHE-ARG-ILETRP- TRP-VAL-GLY.
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Pandey PK, Singh A, Kumar B, Sood S, Kumar S, Kumari E, Chandel M. Ocular tilt reaction, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, and torsional nystagmus following mitral commissurotomy. J AAPOS 2012; 16:484-6. [PMID: 23084391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ocular tilt reaction, a type of skew deviation, and unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia with torsional nystagmus resulting from an ischemic event may result from unilateral disruption of otolithic pathways in the medial longitudinal fasciculus. A subset of skew deviations is known to simulate superior oblique palsy; however, none have been reported with a coexisting internuclear ophthalmoplegia. The present report documents the rare occurrence of an ocular tilt reaction simulating a left superior oblique palsy from involvement of left medial longitudinal fasciculus at the level of interstitial nucleus of Cajal.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Pandey
- Guru Nanak Eye Centre, MAMC, New Delhi, India
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Chandel M, Azmi W. Optimization of process parameters for the production of tyrosine phenol lyase by Citrobacterfreundii MTCC 2424. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100:1840-1846. [PMID: 18993058 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The process optimization using technological combinations for the production of tyrosine phenol lyase by Citrobacter freundii MTCC 2424 has been carried out in this study. The maximum production of tyrosine phenol lyase (0.15 U) was obtained by culturing C. freundii MTCC 2424 in a medium containing (g/l) meat extract 5.0, yeast extract 5.0, peptone 2.5, and l-tyrosine 1.0 at 25 degrees C for 16 h in a temperature controlled orbital shaker. A 2.5-fold increase in enzyme activity with 1.3-fold decrease in the cost of enzyme production (in terms of media components) was achieved by using different technological combinations. The process optimization using technological combinations allowed quick optimization of large number of variables, which helps in designing of suitable fermentation conditions for the cost-effective production of tyrosine phenol lyase. Moreover, this also provides information for balancing the nutrient concentration with minimum experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer-Hill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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