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Blanca M, Shifrovitch A, Dachir S, Lazar S, Elgarisi M, Marder D, Shamai Yamin T, Baranes S, Avraham M, Dekel Jaoui H, Dagan S, Weissberg A. Highly sensitive retrospective determination of organophosphorous nerve agent biomarkers in human urine implemented in vivo in rabbit. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3033-3044. [PMID: 32627075 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Highly toxic organophosphorous nerve agents (OPAs) have been used in several armed conflicts and terror attacks in the last few decades. A new method for retrospective determination of alkyl methylphosphonic acid (AMPA) metabolites in urine after exposure to VX, GB and GF nerve agents was developed. This method enables a rapid, sensitive and selective determination of trace levels of the nerve agent biomarkers ethyl methylphosphonic acid (EMPA), isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA) and cyclohexyl methylphosphonic acid (CMPA) in urine. The new technique involves a unique combination of two solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges: a Ba/Ag/H cartridge for urine interference removal, and a ZrO2 cartridge for selective reconstitution and enrichment of the AMPAs. Extraction of AMPAs from the ZrO2 cartridge was accomplished with a 1% ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solution and was followed by analysis via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The limits of quantitation (LOQs) were in the range of 10-100 pg/mL with recoveries of 64-71% (± 5-19%) after fast sample preparation and a total LC-MS analysis cycle time of 15 min and 13 min, respectively. This method was successfully applied in vivo in a rabbit that was exposed to 0.5 LD50 (7.5 µg/kg, i.v.) sarin for retrospective monitoring of the IMPA metabolite in urine. For the first time, IMPA was determined in rabbit urine samples for 15 days post-exposure, which is longer than any reported post-exposure method for AMPAs. To the best of our knowledge, this new method is the most sensitive and rapid for AMPA determination in urine by LC-MS/MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Blanca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel.
| | - Avital Shifrovitch
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shlomit Dachir
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shlomi Lazar
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Maor Elgarisi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Dana Marder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tamar Shamai Yamin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shlomi Baranes
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Meir Avraham
- Veterinary Center for Preclinical Research, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Hani Dekel Jaoui
- Veterinary Center for Preclinical Research, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shai Dagan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Avi Weissberg
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), P.O.B. 19, Ness Ziona, Israel
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Fu Y, Zhao G, Wang S, Yu J, Xie F, Wang H, Xie J. Simultaneous determination of fifteen heterocyclic aromatic amines in the urine of smokers and nonsmokers using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1333:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shin JH, Na Y, Chung JH, Gorinstein S, Ahn YG. Quantitative analysis of heterocyclic amines in urine by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2014; 447:169-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kanaujia PK, Pardasani D, Tak V, Purohit AK, Dubey D. Selective enrichment of the degradation products of organophosphorus nerve agents by zirconia based solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6612-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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