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Govindsamy A, Singh S, Naicker T. Genetic Appraisal of RAAS-Associated SNPs: REN (rs16853055), AGT (rs3789678) and ACE (rs4305) in Preeclamptic Women Living with HIV Infection. Curr Hypertens Rep 2024; 26:213-224. [PMID: 38411777 PMCID: PMC11153260 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-023-01292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The primary goal of this review article was to determine whether the three RAAS-associated SNPs, Renin-rs16853055, AGT-rs3789678 and ACE-rs4305 are genetically linked to the development of hypertension in preeclampsia. The secondary goal was to establish if there was a link between these SNPs and HIV infection. RECENT FINDINGS There is a paucity of findings related to the aforementioned SNPs and preeclampsia. There are no recent findings on the rs16853055 renin polymorphism. The rs3789678 angiotensinogen polymorphism correlated significantly with gestational hypertension. The rs4305 ACE polymorphism showed no significant association with the development of pregnancy-induced hypertension. There are conflicting findings when determining the relationship between ethnicity and the predisposition of preeclampsia and hypertension in relation to the discussed RAAS-associated SNPs. To date, the association between RAAS-associated SNPs and preeclamptic women co-morbid with HIV in South Africa has revealed that certain alleles of the AGT gene are more prominent in HIV-infected PE compared to normotensive pregnant HIV-infected women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelene Govindsamy
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Shoohana Singh
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Sharma JR, Fokkens H, Laubscher R, Apalata TR, Nomatshila SC, Alomatu SY, Strijdom H, Johnson R. No Association Between AGT Gene Polymorphisms with Hypertension in a South African Population. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1853-1865. [PMID: 38706806 PMCID: PMC11069114 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s452272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a prevalence increasing at an alarming rate in both middle- and low-income countries. Various environmental and genetic factors have been attributed to play a significant role in the increasing prevalence of hypertension. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene are reported to have a significant association with hypertension; however, there are limited studies done on South African populations. Therefore, this case-control study aimed to investigate the association between AGT SNPs (rs2004776, rs3789678, rs5051 and rs7079) with hypertension in a study population of isiXhosa-speaking participants from the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. Materials and Methods The SNPs were genotyped in 250 hypertensive cases and 237 normotensive controls, using TaqMan genotyping assays. Results For the SNP rs2004776, the frequency of CC genotype (18.4%) and C allele (44%) in hypertensive cases showed no significant differences (p = 0.52, χ2 = 1.32), when compared to the normotensive control group (CC: 19.8% and C allele: 43%). Similar results were obtained for the genotypic and allelic frequencies between hypertensive cases and normotensive controls for rs3789678 (p = 0.88, χ2=0.26) and rs5051 (p = 0.57, χ2=1.12), and rs7079 (p = 0.33, χ2=2.23). These findings demonstrate that there were no significant associations between the SNPs rs2004776, rs3789678, rs7079, rs5051 with hypertension in our study population. Conclusion These findings suggest that AGT gene polymorphisms are not associated with the development of hypertension in the studied population. The present study represents the first genetic report to investigate the AGT gene polymorphisms with hypertension in an isiXhosa-speaking South African population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rajan Sharma
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hannah Fokkens
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ria Laubscher
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Teke Ruffin Apalata
- Department of Laboratory-Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University and National Health Laboratory Services, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Sibusiso Cyprian Nomatshila
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Samuel Yao Alomatu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nelson Mandela Central Hospital and Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Hans Strijdom
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Li X, Tan H, Zhou S, Hu S, Zhang T, Li Y, Dou Q, Lai Z, Chen F. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system gene polymorphisms in gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: A case-control gene-association study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38030. [PMID: 27910864 PMCID: PMC5133626 DOI: 10.1038/srep38030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH, including preeclampsia [PE] and gestational hypertension [GH]) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have some metabolic changes and risk factors in common. Many studies have reported associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) genes and CVDs (particularly hypertension), and their findings have provided candidate SNPs for research on genetic correlates of PIH. We explored the association between hypertension-related RAAS SNPs and PIH in a Chinese population. A total of 130 cases with PE, 67 cases with GH, and 316 controls were recruited. Six candidate SNPs of the RAAS system were selected. Multiple logistic regression analysis adjusting for maternal age, fetal sex, and gestational diabetes mellitus showed significant associations between angiotensinogen (AGT) rs3789678 T/C and GH (p = 0.0088) and between angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR1) rs275645 G/A and PE (p = 0.0082). The study population was further stratified by maternal age (<30 and ≥30 years), and stratified and crossover analyses were conducted to determine genetic associations in different age groups. Our findings suggest that the impacts of different SNPs might be affected by maternal age; however, the effect of this potential gene-age interaction on PIH needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 90 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongzhuan Tan
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 90 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shujin Zhou
- Liuyang Municipal Hospital of Maternal and Child Health, 53 Beizheng North Road, Liuyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shimin Hu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 90 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 90 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yangfen Li
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 90 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianru Dou
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 90 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiwei Lai
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 90 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fenglei Chen
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 90 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Gu Y, Tang X, Xie L, Meng G, Ji Y. Aliskiren improves endothelium-dependent relaxation of thoracic aorta by activating PI3K/Akt/eNOS signal pathway in SHR. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:450-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Xin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Liping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Guoliang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy; Nantong University; Nantong China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
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Banach M, Aronow WS, Serban MC, Rysz J, Voroneanu L, Covic A. Lipids, blood pressure and kidney update 2015. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:167. [PMID: 26718096 PMCID: PMC4696333 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The most important studies and guidelines in the topics of lipid, blood pressure and kidney published in 2015 were reviewed. In lipid research, the IMProved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial (IMPROVE-IT) trial revalidated the concept "lower is better" for low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol as a target for therapy, increasing the necessity of treatment the high-risk patients to achieve LDL-C goals. After these results, ezetimibe might become the preferred additional drug in the combination therapy of lipid disorders because of oral dosage form and lower acquisition cost. However, for the statin-intolerant patients and those patients requiring essential reductions in LDL-C to achieve their goals, new therapies, including PCSK9 inhibitors remain promising drugs. In blood pressure research, American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Cardiology (ACC) 2015 guidelines recommended a target for blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg in stable or unstable coronary artery disease patients and below 150/90 mmHg in patients older than 80 years of age, however the recent results of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) trial have suggested that there might be significant benefits, taking into account cardiovascular risk, for hypertensive patients over 50 without diabetes and blood pressure levels <120/80. In kidney research, reducing the progression of chronic kidney disease and related complications such as anemia, metabolic acidosis, bone and mineral diseases, acute kidney injury and cardiovascular disease is still a goal for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Maria-Corina Serban
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549, Lodz, Poland
| | - Luminita Voroneanu
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, C.I. Parhon University Hospital and Grigore. T. Popa, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Adrian Covic
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, C.I. Parhon University Hospital and Grigore. T. Popa, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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Banach M, Aronow WS, Serban C, Sahabkar A, Rysz J, Voroneanu L, Covic A. Lipids, blood pressure and kidney update 2014. Pharmacol Res 2015; 95-96:111-25. [PMID: 25819754 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper is an effort to review all the most important studies and guidelines in the topics of lipid, blood pressure and kidney published in 2014. Irrespective of advances, the options for improving simultaneous hypercholesterolemia and hypertension management (as well as its complication - chronic kidney disease) remain a problem. Recommending hypolidemic, hypotensive and kidney disease drugs to obtain therapy targets in cardiovascular, diabetic, elderly and kidney disease (=high risk) patients might strengthen risk factor control, improve compliance and the therapy efficacy, and in the consequence reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality rate. That is why the authors have decided to summary and discuss the recent scientific achievements in the field of lipid, blood pressure and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Corina Serban
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Amirhossein Sahabkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Luminita Voroneanu
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, C.I. Parhon University Hospital and Grigore. T. Popa, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Adrian Covic
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, C.I. Parhon University Hospital and Grigore. T. Popa, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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