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Sturgeon JP, Njunge JM, Bourke CD, Gonzales GB, Robertson RC, Bwakura-Dangarembizi M, Berkley JA, Kelly P, Prendergast AJ. Inflammation: the driver of poor outcomes among children with severe acute malnutrition? Nutr Rev 2023; 81:1636-1652. [PMID: 36977352 PMCID: PMC10639108 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is the most life-threatening form of undernutrition and underlies at least 10% of all deaths among children younger than 5 years in low-income countries. SAM is a complex, multisystem disease, with physiological perturbations observed in conjunction with the loss of lean mass, including structural and functional changes in many organ systems. Despite the high mortality burden, predominantly due to infections, the underlying pathogenic pathways remain poorly understood. Intestinal and systemic inflammation is heightened in children with SAM. Chronic inflammation and its consequent immunomodulation may explain the increased morbidity and mortality from infections in children with SAM, both during hospitalization and in the longer term after discharge. Recognition of the role of inflammation in SAM is critical in considering new therapeutic targets in this disease, which has not seen a transformational approach to treatment for several decades. This review highlights the central role of inflammation in the wide-ranging pathophysiology of SAM, as well as identifying potential interventions that have biological plausibility based on evidence from other inflammatory syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Sturgeon
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James M Njunge
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Claire D Bourke
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gerard Bryan Gonzales
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ruairi C Robertson
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - James A Berkley
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network, Nairobi, Kenya
- KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Paul Kelly
- is with the Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Andrew J Prendergast
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Li W, Li S, Wang J, Yu M, Yang H, He Z, Tang Y, Liu J, Guo N, Xie D, Liu Z, Zheng K, Xu M, Wu Y. The outer membrane protein Tp92 of Treponema pallidum delays human neutrophil apoptosis via the ERK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB pathways. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:684-701. [PMID: 37718557 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Syphilis is a persistent sexually transmitted disease caused by infiltration of the elusive pathogen Treponema pallidum. Despite the prevalence of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (hPMNs) within cutaneous lesions, which are characteristic of incipient syphilis, their role in T. pallidum infection remains unclear. Tp92 is the only T. pallidum helical outer membrane protein that exhibits structural features similar to those of outer membrane proteins in other gram-negative bacteria. However, the functional mechanism of this protein in immune cells remains unclear. Neutrophils are short-lived cells that undergo innate apoptosis in response to external stimuli that typically influence this process. In this study, we determined that Tp92 impedes the activation of procaspase-3 via the ERK MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB signaling pathways, consequently suppressing caspase-3 activity within hPMNs, and thereby preventing hPMNs apoptosis. Furthermore, Tp92 could also modulate hPMNs apoptosis by enhancing the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1, stimulating IL-8 secretion, and preserving the mitochondrial membrane potential. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying T. pallidum infection and suggest potential therapeutic targets for syphilis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jianye Wang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Maoying Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhangping He
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ningyuan Guo
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Dongde Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Central Hospital, Hengyang, China
| | - Man Xu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yimou Wu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Thakur M, Junho CVC, Bernhard SM, Schindewolf M, Noels H, Döring Y. NETs-Induced Thrombosis Impacts on Cardiovascular and Chronic Kidney Disease. Circ Res 2023; 132:933-949. [PMID: 37053273 PMCID: PMC10377271 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.321750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Arterial and venous thrombosis constitute a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Association between thrombotic complications and cardiovascular and other chronic inflammatory diseases are well described. Inflammation and subsequent initiation of thrombotic events, termed immunothrombosis, also receive growing attention but are still incompletely understood. Nevertheless, the clinical relevance of aberrant immunothrombosis, referred to as thromboinflammation, is evident by an increased risk of thrombosis and cardiovascular events in patients with inflammatory or infectious diseases. Proinflammatory mediators released from platelets, complement activation, and the formation of NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps) initiate and foster immunothrombosis. In this review, we highlight and discuss prominent and emerging interrelationships and functions between NETs and other mediators in immunothrombosis in cardiovascular disease. Also, with patients with chronic kidney disease suffering from increased cardiovascular and thrombotic risk, we summarize current knowledge on neutrophil phenotype, function, and NET formation in chronic kidney disease. In addition, we elaborate on therapeutic targeting of NETs-induced immunothrombosis. A better understanding of the functional relevance of antithrombotic mediators which do not increase bleeding risk may provide opportunities for successful therapeutic interventions to reduce thrombotic risk beyond current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manovriti Thakur
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital (M.T., S.M.B., M.S., Y.D.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR) (M.T., S.M.B., M.S., Y.D.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Victoria Cruz Junho
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany (C.V.C.J., H.N.)
| | - Sarah Maike Bernhard
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital (M.T., S.M.B., M.S., Y.D.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR) (M.T., S.M.B., M.S., Y.D.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Schindewolf
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital (M.T., S.M.B., M.S., Y.D.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR) (M.T., S.M.B., M.S., Y.D.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany (C.V.C.J., H.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands (H.N.)
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital (M.T., S.M.B., M.S., Y.D.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR) (M.T., S.M.B., M.S., Y.D.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (Y.D.)
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany (Y.D.)
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Myeloid leukocytes' diverse effects on cardiovascular and systemic inflammation in chronic kidney disease. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:38. [PMID: 35896846 PMCID: PMC9329413 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease's prevalence rises globally. Whereas dialysis treatment replaces the kidney's filtering function and prolongs life, dreaded consequences in remote organs develop inevitably over time. Even milder reductions in kidney function not requiring replacement therapy associate with bacterial infections, cardiovascular and heart valve disease, which markedly limit prognosis in these patients. The array of complications is diverse and engages a wide gamut of cellular and molecular mechanisms. The innate immune system is profoundly and systemically altered in chronic kidney disease and, as a unifying element, partakes in many of the disease's complications. As such, a derailed immune system fuels cardiovascular disease progression but also elevates the propensity for serious bacterial infections. Recent data further point towards a role in developing calcific aortic valve stenosis. Here, we delineate the current state of knowledge on how chronic kidney disease affects innate immunity in cardiovascular organs and on a systemic level. We review the role of circulating myeloid cells, monocytes and neutrophils, resident macrophages, dendritic cells, ligands, and cellular pathways that are activated or suppressed when renal function is chronically impaired. Finally, we discuss myeloid cells' varying responses to uremia from a systems immunology perspective.
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5
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Garbicz D, Pilžys T, Wiśniowski I, Grzesiuk M, Cylke R, Kosieradzki M, Grzesiuk E, Piwowarski J, Marcinkowski M, Lisik W. Replacing centrifugation with mixing in urine analysis enriches protein pool in the urine samples. Anal Biochem 2021; 628:114284. [PMID: 34111418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Urine is the basic diagnostic material, easy to collect, not requiring invasive approach. During standard procedure the urine samples are centrifuged and the supernatant analysed physically, biochemically, and microscopically. The centrifugation step removes proteins including those forming aggregates especially in the state of illness and after transplantation. Here, we analysed the effect of urine centrifuging on specific protein content in urine samples obtained from cardiovascular patients (CVD) and after kidney or liver transplantation. We tested homogeneous whole urine samples, standardly centrifuge one, and the pellet after centrifuging. Protein content was examined using Western blot analysis and mass spectrometry (MS) of samples from CVD patients or the one after transplantation. The average of 21% proteins from non-centrifuged samples were found in the pellet removed after standard centrifugation. MS analysis confirmed that diagnostically important proteins were located there in. In 90% of cases whole urine samples contained more proteins than standard supernatant, among them e.g. proteins involved in immunological response like immunoglobulins and complement compounds secreted by leucocytes. Replacing centrifuging with intensive mixing of urine samples provides a method of enriching the samples with proteins removed during standard procedure, thus increasing possibility of finding new biomarkers for diseases undiagnosable with classic urine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Garbicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomaš Pilžys
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iga Wiśniowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grzesiuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Poland
| | - Radosław Cylke
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kosieradzki
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Grzesiuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Piwowarski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Marcinkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Lisik
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Almaeen AH, Alduraywish AA, Mobasher MA, Almadhi OIM, Nafeh HM, El-Metwally TH. Oxidative stress, immunological and cellular hypoxia biomarkers in hepatitis C treatment-naïve and cirrhotic patients. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:368-375. [PMID: 33747272 PMCID: PMC7959056 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.91451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the main cause of chronic liver disease, with calamitous complications. Its highest rate is recorded in Egypt. This study investigated whether oxidative stress, immunological chaos and cellular hypoxia are implicated in the pathophysiology of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the changes in blood oxidative stress, cellular hypoxia/angiogenesis and cellular immunological biomarkers in hospital-diagnosed treatment-naïve HCV-infected Upper Egyptian chronic liver disease patients vs. healthy controls (n = 40). The consecutively included patients comprised 120 with normal serum enzymes (HCV-NE) and 130 with high serum enzymes (HCV-HE), along with 120 cirrhotic patients. RESULTS Oxidative stress biomarkers - malondialdehyde (MDA), total peroxides and oxidative stress index (OSI) - were significantly lower in controls vs. each of the patient groups. Cirrhotic patients presented the highest levels. However, total antioxidants (TAO) showed non-significant differences among the four groups. The cellular hypoxia/angiogenesis biomarkers - lactate, vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) and its soluble receptor 1 (sVEGFR1) - vs. controls were massively increased in patient groups. VEGF was lowest while sVEGFR1 was highest among cirrhotic patients. Immunological biomarkers, - granulocyte/monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and total immunoglobulin G (IgG) - were massively increased in patient groups vs. controls. GM-CSF was lowest in HCV-HE and IgG was highest in cirrhotic patients. sVEGFR1 correlated with the progression towards cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress is implicated in the progress of HCV infection with marked induction of cellular hypoxia and dysfunctional angiogenesis, and a futile immunological reaction. sVEGFR1 level correlated with progression towards HCV-induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maysa Ahmed Mobasher
- Department of Pathology, Jouf University College of Medicine, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar I. M. Almadhi
- College of Medicine, Jouf University College of Medicine, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan M. Nafeh
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Assiut University, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Tarek Hassan El-Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Jouf University College of Medicine, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Assiut University, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt
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Pintard C, Ben Khemis M, Liu D, Dang PMC, Hurtado-Nedelec M, El-Benna J. Apocynin prevents GM-CSF-induced-ERK1/2 activation and -neutrophil survival independently of its inhibitory effect on the phagocyte NADPH oxidase NOX2. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113950. [PMID: 32251677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are key cells in innate immunity and inflammation. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is known to enhance many neutrophil functions such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, degranulation and cell survival via the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. ERK1/2 pathway activation is redox sensitive and could be modulated by ROS. In order to investigate whether NADPH oxidase NOX2-derived ROS could contribute to GM-CSF-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, we tested the effect of two selective NOX2 inhibitors, diphenylene iodonium (DPI) and apocynin. Results showed that, while both DPI and apocynin strongly inhibited neutrophil ROS production, only apocynin, but not DPI, inhibited GM-CSF-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting that ROS are not involved in this process. Apocynin did not affect GM-CSF-induced p38MAPKinase phosphorylation, another redox sensitive kinase. Interestingly, apocynin inhibited GM-CSF-induced MEK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation without affecting fMLF-induced phosphorylation of these proteins. GM-CSF is known to inhibit neutrophils apoptosis and to promote cell survival via the AKT-ERK1/2 pathway. In this regard, we found that apocynin also inhibited GM-CSF-induced anti-apoptotic effect in neutrophils. These results suggest that NADPH oxidase NOX2-derived ROS are not involved in GM-CSF-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and that apocynin inhibits GM-CSF-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation pathway independently of its inhibitory action on NADPH oxidase NOX2. Thus, apocynin can exert an anti-inflammatory effect not only by limiting neutrophil ROS production but also by decreasing neutrophil survival at inflammatory site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Pintard
- INSERM U1149, ERL 8252 CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris F-75018, France
| | - Marwa Ben Khemis
- INSERM U1149, ERL 8252 CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris F-75018, France
| | - Dan Liu
- INSERM U1149, ERL 8252 CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris F-75018, France
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- INSERM U1149, ERL 8252 CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris F-75018, France
| | - Margarita Hurtado-Nedelec
- INSERM U1149, ERL 8252 CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris F-75018, France; Departement d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Unité Dysfonctionnements Immunitaires, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM U1149, ERL 8252 CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris F-75018, France.
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Bronze-da-Rocha E, Santos-Silva A. Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitors and Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1343-1360. [PMID: 30123081 PMCID: PMC6097478 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.26111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD), the last stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), is characterized by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Neutrophils are the front line cells that mediate an inflammatory response against microorganisms as they can migrate, produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), secrete neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs), and release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Serine proteases inhibitors regulate the activity of serine proteases and reduce neutrophil accumulation at inflammatory sites. This review intends to relate the role of neutrophil elastase in CKD and the effects of neutrophil elastase inhibitors in predicting or preventing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Bronze-da-Rocha
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhu C, Fan M, Dou X, Hao C, Yan Y, Ji W, Gu G, Lou J, Chen Z. The role of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor in hospitalized children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. J Infect Chemother 2018; 24:789-794. [PMID: 30007865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inappropriate inflammatory response in children with M. pneumoniae infection might be associated with disease severity. The role of Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in hospitalized children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) has not been fully discussed. METHODS Clinical and laboratory data of a total 40 children with MPP were collected. GM-CSF and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were detected by ELISAs. Meanwhile, normal human bronchial epithelium was infected by M. pneumoniae and neutrophils were stimulated by GM-CSF to explore GM-CSF and MPO release in supernatant, respectively. RESULTS Compared to control group, a significant increased percentage of neutrophils and decreased percentage of macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of children with MPP was observed (P < 0.05). Children with MPP had significantly higher levels of GM-CSF (P = 0.0047) and MPO (P = 0.0002) in BALF compared to the controls. Level of GM-CSF in BALF was associated with duration of fever (r = 0.42, P = 0.007) and strongly correlated with level of MPO (r = 0.075, P = 0.0005). Levels of GM-CSF and MPO significantly decreased (both P < 0.05) after treatment. In vitro, M. pneumoniae induced GM-CSF expression in a time-dependent manner during a 72-h period (P < 0.05) and MPO secretion significantly increased by recombinant human GM-CSF stimulation at 24h (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION GM-CSF could be induced by M. pneumoniae infection in vivo and vitro. Childen with high level GM-CSF had longer duration of fever. GM-CSF probably plays a vital role in neutrophil inflammation in M. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Child Care, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Canhong Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xunwu Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chuangli Hao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongdong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guixiong Gu
- Department of Child Care, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiangyan Lou
- Department of Child Care, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, China.
| | - Zhengrong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Donati K, Sépult C, Rocks N, Blacher S, Gérard C, Noel A, Cataldo D. Neutrophil-Derived Interleukin 16 in Premetastatic Lungs Promotes Breast Tumor Cell Seeding. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2017; 10:1179064417738513. [PMID: 29123422 PMCID: PMC5661667 DOI: 10.1177/1179064417738513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The premetastatic niche in distant organs prior to metastatic cell arrival emerged as an important step in the metastatic cascade. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this process are still poorly understood. In particular, whether neutrophil recruitment at a premetastatic stage promotes or inhibits metastatic cell seeding has to be clarified. We aimed at unraveling how neutrophil infiltration in lung parenchyma induced by the distant primary tumor influences the establishment of lung metastasis. Elevated neutrophil counts and IL-16 levels were found in premetastatic lungs in a syngenic mouse model using 4T1 tumor cells. 4T1 cell-derived soluble factors stimulated IL-16 secretion by neutrophils. The functional contribution of IL-16 is supported by metastasis burden reduction in lungs observed on instillation of an IL-16 neutralizing antibody. Moreover, IL-16 promotes in vitro 4T1 cell adhesiveness, invasiveness, and migration. In conclusion, at a premetastatic stage, neutrophil-derived IL-16 favors tumor cell engraftment in lung parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Donati
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pneumology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christelle Sépult
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pneumology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Natacha Rocks
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pneumology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Silvia Blacher
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Catherine Gérard
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pneumology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Didier Cataldo
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pneumology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cancer (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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11
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Yaseen MM, Abuharfeil NM, Yaseen MM, Shabsoug BM. The role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils during HIV-1 infection. Arch Virol 2017; 163:1-21. [PMID: 28980078 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3569-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It is well-recognized that human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) mainly targets CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Nonetheless, during the past three decades, a huge number of studies have reported that HIV-1 can directly or indirectly target other cellular components of the immune system including CD8+ T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), among others. PMNs are the most abundant leukocytes in the human circulation, and are known to play principal roles in the elimination of invading pathogens, regulating different immune responses, healing of injured tissues, and maintaining mucosal homeostasis. Until recently, little was known about the impact of HIV-1 infection on PMNs as well as the impact of PMNs on HIV-1 disease progression. This is because early studies focused on neutropenia and recurrent microbial infections, particularly, during advanced disease. However, recent studies have extended the investigation area to cover new aspects of the interactions between HIV-1 and PMNs. This review aims to summarize these advances and address the impact of HIV-1 infection on PMNs as well as the impact of PMNs on HIV-1 disease progression to better understand the pathophysiology of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohammad Yaseen
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Nizar Mohammad Abuharfeil
- Applied Biological Sciences, College of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Mahmoud Yaseen
- Public Health, College of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Barakat Mohammad Shabsoug
- Chemical Sciences, College of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Lukaszyk E, Lukaszyk M, Koc-Zorawska E, Bodzenta-Lukaszyk A, Malyszko J. Fibroblast growth factor 23, iron and inflammation - are they related in early stages of chronic kidney disease? Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:845-850. [PMID: 28721153 PMCID: PMC5510515 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.58647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) levels are elevated in impaired renal function. Inflammation and iron are potential regulators of FGF-23. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between FGF-23 concentration, novel iron status biomarkers and inflammatory parameters among patients with early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study population included 84 patients with CKD in the early stage. Serum hemoglobin, fibrinogen, creatinine, iron, transferrin saturation and ferritin levels were measured using standard laboratory methods. Commercially available kits were used to measure: intact FGF-23, hepcidin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). RESULTS In patients with CKD no differences in FGF-23 concentration according to iron status were observed. Lower iron concentration was associated with higher concentrations of hsCRP, IL-6 and fibrinogen. In univariate and multivariate analysis FGF-23 correlated with fibrinogen (r = -0.23, p < 0.05) and eGFR (r = -0.36, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS FGF-23 is affected by kidney function and fibrinogen but not iron status parameters in the early stages of CKD. Our data are paving the way for further studies on the role of FGF-23 in iron metabolism, especially in early stages of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Lukaszyk
- 2 Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mateusz Lukaszyk
- Department of Allergy and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Koc-Zorawska
- 2 Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bodzenta-Lukaszyk
- Department of Allergy and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jolanta Malyszko
- 2 Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Nikolic I, Andjelkovic M, Zaric M, Zelen I, Canovic P, Milosavljevic Z, Mitrovic M. Induction of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by raloxifene and estrogen in human endometrial stromal ThESC cell line. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:293-301. [PMID: 28261281 PMCID: PMC5332444 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.59874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition that occurs as a result of hormonal imbalance between estrogen and progesterone. Morphological disturbance of endometrial cells occurs consequently leading towards endometrial cancer. In therapy of endometrial hyperplasia SERMs are used to supress effects of locally high estrogen level in uterus. There is strong evidence suggesting that estrogen could be involved in cell death - apoptosis. There are no experimental data demstrating the direct apoptotic effect of both raloxifene and estrogen on the ThESC cell line. The aim of our study wa sto investigate both cytotoxic and apototic mechanism of raloxifene and estrogen - induced death in the ThESC cell line. MATERIAL AND METHODS In order to determine their cytotoxic and apoptotic effects, various doses of raloxifene and estrogen were applied to the ThESC cell line for 24 h. After the treatment MTT assay, FACS analysis and immunofluoroscence method were conducted. RESULTS The results of this study for the first time demonstrated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of raloxifene and estrogen on human endometrial stromal cell line suggesting the involvement of the inner, mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated apoptotic effects of investigated drugs in the ThESC cell line through increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activation of caspase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Nikolic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Andjelkovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milan Zaric
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivanka Zelen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Petar Canovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zoran Milosavljevic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Mitrovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Pokrywka A, Zembron-Lacny A, Baldy-Chudzik K, Orysiak J, Sitkowski D, Banach M. The influence of hypoxic physical activity on cfDNA as a new marker of vascular inflammation. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:1156-63. [PMID: 26788076 PMCID: PMC4697049 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.56341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is important for many biomedical disciplines including the field of exercise biochemistry and physiology. It is likely that cfDNA is released into the plasma by apoptosis of endothelial cells and circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and/or by NETosis of immune cells induced by strenuous exercise. Increases of cfDNA are described to be a potential hallmark for the overtraining syndrome, and might be related to aseptic vascular inflammation in athletes. Yet, the relevance of systemic inflammation and cfDNA with endothelial dysfunction in athletes still remains unclear. In this review article, we provide a current overview of exercise-induced cfDNA release to the circulation with special emphasis on its relationship with apoptosis and NETosis and the effect of hypoxic physical activity on vascular inflammation in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Pokrywka
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zembron-Lacny
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Baldy-Chudzik
- Department of Molecular Biology of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Joanna Orysiak
- Department of Physiological Nutrition, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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