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Maggiorella MT, Sernicola L, Picconi O, Pizzi E, Belli R, Fulgenzi D, Rovetto C, Bruni R, Costantino A, Taffon S, Chionne P, Madonna E, Pisani G, Borsetti A, Falvino C, Ranieri R, Baccalini R, Pansera A, Castelvedere F, Babudieri S, Madeddu G, Starnini G, Dell'Isola S, Cervellini P, Ciccaglione AR, Ensoli B, Buttò S. Epidemiological and molecular characterization of HBV and HCV infections in HIV-1-infected inmate population in Italy: a 2017-2019 multicenter cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14908. [PMID: 37689795 PMCID: PMC10492787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
HBV/HCV co-infection is common in HIV-1-infected prisoners. To investigate the characteristics of HIV co-infections, and to evaluate the molecular heterogeneity of HIV, HBV and HCV in prisoners, we carried-out a multicenter cross-sectional study, including 65 HIV-1-infected inmates enrolled in 5 Italian detention centers during the period 2017-2019. HIV-1 subtyping showed that 77.1% of inmates were infected with B subtype and 22.9% with non-B subtypes. Italian nationals were all infected with subtype B (93.1%), except two individuals, one infected with the recombinant form CRF72_BF1, and the other with the HIV-1 sub-subtype A6, both previously not identified in inmates of Italian nationality. Non-Italian nationals were infected with subtype B (52.6%), CRFs (36.8%) and sub-subtypes A1 and A3 (5.2%). HIV variants carrying resistance mutations to NRTI, NNRTI, PI and InSTI were found in 7 inmates, 4 of which were never exposed to the relevant classes of drugs associated with these mutations. HBV and/or HCV co-infections markers were found in 49/65 (75.4%) inmates, while 27/65 (41.5%) showed markers of both HBV and HCV coinfection. Further, Italian nationals showed a significant higher presence of HCV markers as compared to non-Italian nationals (p = 0.0001). Finally, HCV phylogenetic analysis performed in 18 inmates revealed the presence of HCV subtypes 1a, 3a, 4d (66.6%, 16.7% and 16.7%, respectively). Our data suggest the need to monitor HIV, HBV and HCV infections in prisons in order to prevent spreading of these viruses both in jails and in the general population, and to implement effective public health programs that limit the circulation of different genetic forms as well as of viral variants with mutations conferring resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Maggiorella
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - L Sernicola
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - O Picconi
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - E Pizzi
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - R Belli
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - D Fulgenzi
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - C Rovetto
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - R Bruni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - A Costantino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - S Taffon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - P Chionne
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - E Madonna
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - G Pisani
- National Center for Immunobiologicals, Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - A Borsetti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - C Falvino
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - R Ranieri
- Infectious Diseases Service, Penitentiary Health System, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - S Babudieri
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G Madeddu
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G Starnini
- Belcolle Hospital, ASL Viterbo, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | | | - A R Ciccaglione
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - B Ensoli
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - S Buttò
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Shitole SG, Kuniholm MH, Hanna DB, Boucher T, Peng AY, Berardi C, Shah T, Bortnick AE, Christia P, Scheuer J, Kizer JR. Association of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infection with long-term outcomes post-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in a disadvantaged urban community. Atherosclerosis 2020; 311:60-66. [PMID: 32947199 PMCID: PMC7572633 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV and HCV have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Their impact on long-term outcomes following ST-segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) has not been previously studied. METHODS We leveraged data from a STEMI registry (n = 1208) at an inner-city health system to assess the influence of HIV and HCV on post-STEMI outcomes. Cox regression was used to compare HIV-monoinfected (n = 22), HCV-monoinfected (n = 26) and HIV-HCV-coinfected patients (n = 8) with the neither-infected group (n = 1152) with regard to death, death or any readmission, and death or CVD readmission. RESULTS The cohort was majority black or Hispanic. Median follow-up was 4.3 years. Compared to the neither-infected group, the HIV-monoinfected group showed near-significantly higher risks of death or any readmission (HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 0.96, 2.74) and death or CVD readmission (HR = 1.82, 95% CI = 0.98, 3.39) after full adjustment. On similar comparison, the HCV-monoinfected group exhibited significantly higher risks of death (HR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.05, 4.15) and death or any readmission (HR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.07, 2.65), whereas the HIV-HCV-coinfected group showed higher risk of death (HR = 6.51, 95% CI = 2.28, 18.61). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort composed mostly of race-ethnic minorities, HIV monoinfection tended to be associated with 1.6-to-1.8-fold higher risk of death or readmission for any cause or CVD over long-term follow-up compared to neither infection, whereas HCV monoinfection was associated with 1.7-to-2.1-fold higher risk of death and death or any readmission, and HIV-HCV coinfection with 6.5-fold higher risk of death. These associations require further study in larger populations, but highlight the importance of identifying and treating HIV and HCV in patients presenting with STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyog G Shitole
- University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
| | - Mark H Kuniholm
- University at Albany, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - David B Hanna
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Thomas Boucher
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Angel Y Peng
- Montefiore Health System, 3311 Bainbridge Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Cecilia Berardi
- Yale-New Haven Hospital, 20 York Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Tina Shah
- Montefiore Health System, 3311 Bainbridge Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Anna E Bortnick
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Montefiore Health System, 3311 Bainbridge Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Panagiota Christia
- Mount Sinai Heart-Mount Sinai Medical Center, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - James Scheuer
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Montefiore Health System, 3311 Bainbridge Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
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3
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Emerging Viral and Bacterial Infections: Within an Era of Opioid Epidemic. Infect Dis Ther 2020; 9:737-755. [PMID: 32918275 PMCID: PMC7680496 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-020-00335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The opioid epidemic is a public health crisis that continues to impact healthcare in the United States of America (USA). While changes in opioid prescribing have curbed the medical use of opioids, the increase in nonmedical use, largely driven by injection drug use (IDU), has contributed to the escalating incidence of opioid use disorder (OUD). Furthermore, IDU is associated with high-risk injection practices that can increase the risk of acquiring viral and bacterial infections. Here in this comprehensive review, we aimed to summarize the epidemiology and management of OUD, along with the screening and antimicrobial treatment of associated infections, specifically focused on human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, skin and soft tissue infections, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis. Medication-assisted therapy (MAT) and infection guidelines from the USA will be presented.
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Safarnezhad Tameshkel F, Karbalaie Niya MH, Zamani F, Motamed N, Ajdarkosh H, Vafaeimanesh J, Khoonsari M, Sohrabi MR, Aten S, Azarkeivan A, Eslami MS, Perumal D, Maadi M, Ghanbari B, Keyvani H. Resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) to HCV direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) at baseline of treatment in thalassemia patients: a referral center study. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2193-2203. [PMID: 32638116 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with thalassemia major are at high risk of hepatitis C through blood transfusion from donors infected by hepatitis C virus (HCV). The use of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy against such HCV infections has increased in different populations. However, resistant viral variants can affect treatment outcomes, and therefore improved surveillance strategies are needed. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) to HCV DAAs at the baseline of treatment in thalassemia patients in a referral center. Out of 89 thalassemia patients who suffered from HCV infection and were referred to our center between 2016 and 2017, 43 underwent further analysis of the HCV nonstructural proteins NS5A and NS5B using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing methods. Unique primers were designed using bioinformatics software for separate detection of HCV subtypes 1a, 3a, and 1b. Detection of RASs was performed based on previously published literature. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 19. The participants, 60.4% (26/43) of whom were male, had a mean age ± standard deviation (SD) of 33.0 ± 5.0 years. HCV subtype 1a was found in 27 cases, 3a in 13, and 1b in three. In HCV subtype 1a there were 163 mutations in NS5A and 212 mutations in NS5B. The frequency of RASs was 20.9% (8 RASs in 9 patients), including M28V and H58P in subtype 1a, L28M, R30Q, C316N, and C316S in subtype 1b, and S24F in subtype 3a. Statistically, the subtype 1b and a higher mutation rate in NS5A were associated with RASs (p-value < 0.05). The emergence of natural RASs to HCV DAAs serves as a warning of the risk of drug resistance in response to the broad usage of antivirals. However, relapses in these DAA-treated HCV-infected thalassemia patients are rarely reported. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of RASs prevalence at baseline was 20.9% in these patients, and this calls for extrapolation to a larger population study, as highlighted in other studies, with larger sample sizes, high-throughput methods, and follow-up in order to fully evaluate treatment outcomes in RASs-detected individuals. Optimized therapeutic strategies, particularly in complex, difficult-to-cure patients, can effectively prevent DAA treatment failure as a result of selection for RASs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Hadi Karbalaie Niya
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Motamed
- Department of Social Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Ajdarkosh
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamshid Vafaeimanesh
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Gastroenterology and Hepatology Disease Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mahmoodreza Khoonsari
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masood Reza Sohrabi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Aten
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Azarkeivan
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Thalassemia Clinic, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadat Eslami
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Thalassemia Clinic, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dhayaneethie Perumal
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston, UK
| | - Mansooreh Maadi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ghanbari
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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García Deltoro M, Ricart Olmos C. Hepatitis C virus infection and new treatment strategies. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2020; 37 Suppl 1:15-19. [PMID: 31138418 DOI: 10.1016/s0213-005x(19)30177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C is a major public health problem worldwide. This disease is caused by the hepatitis C virus, which is characterised by its genetic diversity. The infection is usually asymptomatic. However, between 60% and 80% of HCV-infected individuals will progress to chronic hepatitis, 20% to liver cirrhosis in the medium-to long-term and, each year, between 1% and 4% of these patients with cirrhosis will develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A Spanish consensus document has recently been drafted to diagnose hepatitis C in a single step, consisting of active investigation (antibodies and viremia) in a single sample, which according to the experts, would reduce the time to access treatment and avoid tracking losses. To definitively change the hepatitis C treatment paradigm, direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs) have been approved, whose development has been based on achieving cure rates close to 100% regardless of the genotype of the virus, ie, pangenotypes, with good tolerance and bioavailability. These drugs have constituted a real therapeutic revolution. Supplement information: This article is part of a supplement entitled «SEIMC External Quality Control Programme. Year 2016», which is sponsored by Roche, Vircell Microbiologists, Abbott Molecular and Francisco Soria Melguizo, S.A. © 2019 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosasy Microbiología Clínica. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel García Deltoro
- servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, España.
| | - Carmen Ricart Olmos
- servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, España
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El-Shabrawi MH, Kamal NM, Mogahed EA, Elhusseini MA, Aljabri MF. Perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus: an update. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1360-1369. [PMID: 33224335 PMCID: PMC7667440 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.83644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health problem worldwide. A large proportion of perinatal HCV infections are silent and may present later in adulthood with long-term complications. HCV has no effective immune prophylaxis and hence appropriate follow-up of all infants born to HCV-infected mothers is necessary. Universal antenatal screening for HCV is largely debatable. Intrauterine and partum transmission of HCV are both possible and higher rates are associated with a high maternal serum viral load (> 106 copies per milliliter), concomitant HIV infection, prolonged or difficult delivery, and invasive fetal monitoring during delivery. Infection during pregnancy and infancy needs to be investigated more in order to design management strategies for perinatal transmission of HCV most effectively. The recently approved new-generation, oral, direct-acting antiviral drugs may open a new era in HCV therapy for pregnant women and infected infants if proved to be safe during conception and infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naglaa M. Kamal
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Engy A. Mogahed
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mona A. Elhusseini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Red Crescent Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Aljabri
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Dai DM, Wang D, Hu D, Wan WL, Su Y, Yang JL, Wang YP, Wang F, Yang L, Sun HM, Chen YY, Fang X, Cao J, Luo J, Tang K, Hu R, Duan HN, Li M, Xu WB. Difference in hematocrit and plasma albumin levels as an additional biomarker in the diagnosis of infectious disease. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:522-530. [PMID: 32399098 PMCID: PMC7212220 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.86898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In clinical practice, it has been observed that patients with severe infections show changes to their hematocrit (HCT) and serum albumin (ALB) levels. This study aimed to evaluate whether the difference of HCT and ALB (HCT-ALB) levels can be used as an additional biomarker for fast diagnosis of severe infections. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a retrospective case-control study which included adult patients with severe infections, patients with non-infective conditions and healthy individuals. A total of 7,117 individuals were recruited in Yunnan Province, China, from January 2012 to January 2018, and were divided into three groups: 1,033 patients with severe infections (group 1); 1,081 patients with non-infective conditions (group 2); and 5,003 healthy individuals from the general population (group 3). The potential diagnostic threshold of HCT-ALB for severe infectious patients was determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Group 3 was used as the reference to draw the ROC curves of the HCT-ALB value in group 1 or group 2. RESULTS HCT-ALB values in each group were significantly different. We found that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of group 1 reached 0.87 (95% CI: 0.86-0.89), whereas the AUC of group 2 was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.58-0.62). To reach a higher specificity of 99.0% (95% CI: 98.8-99.3%, and with sensitivity of 37.5%, 95% CI: 34.5-40.5%), a HCT-ALB value of 10.25 was recommended as the standard for diagnosis of severe infection. CONCLUSIONS The HCT-ALB value was increased in patients with infectious disease. The measurement of the HCT-ALB value (> 10.25) might be useful in the fast diagnosis of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Dai
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Di Hu
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Lei Wan
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Su
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ji-Lin Yang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hai-Mei Sun
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The Affiliated Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao Fang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Puer City People’s Hospital, Puer, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Emergency, The First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Emergency, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hua-Nan Duan
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wang-Bin Xu
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Ranin J, Salemovic D, Brmbolic B, Marinkovic J, Boricic I, Pesic PI, Zerjav S, Stanojevic M, Jevtovic D. Comparison of Demographic, Epidemiological, Immunological, and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with HIV Mono-infection Versus Patients Co-infected with HCV or/and HBV: A Serbian Cohort Study. Curr HIV Res 2019; 16:222-230. [PMID: 30014804 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x16666180717115614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to correlate the status of hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with clinical and demographic data prior to starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and assess the impact of HCV and HBV co-infection on the natural history of HIV infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study involved a total of 836 treatment-naive patients with available serological status for HBV and HCV at the point of therapy initiation. Patients were stratified into four groups: HIV mono-infection, HIV/HCV, HIV/HBV, and HIV/HCV/HBV co-infection. Demographic, epidemiological, immunological and clinical characteristics were analyzed in order to assess the possible impact of HCV and HBV co-infection on HIV - related immunodeficiency and progression to AIDS. RESULTS The prevalence of HCV and HBV co-infection in our cohort was 25.7% and 6.3%, respectively. Triple HIV/HCV/HBV infection was recorded in 1.7% of the patients. In comparison with those co-infected with HCV, patients with HIV mono-infection had lower levels of serum liver enzymes activity and higher CD4 cell counts, and were less likely to have CD4 cell counts below100 cells/µL and clinical AIDS, with OR 0.556 and 0.561, respectively. No difference in the development of advanced immunodeficiency and/or AIDS was recorded between patients with HIV monoinfection and those co-infected with HBV, or both HCV/HBV. CONCLUSION HIV/HCV co-infection was found to be more prevalent than HIV/HBV co-infection in a Serbian cohort. Co-infection with HCV was related to more profound immunodeficiency prior to therapy initiation, reflecting a possible unfavorable impact of HCV on the natural history of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ranin
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Salemovic
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - B Brmbolic
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Marinkovic
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Statistics, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - I Boricic
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Pathohystology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavlovic I Pesic
- Virology Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Clinical Center Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Zerjav
- Virology Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Clinical Center Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Stanojevic
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Jevtovic
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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9
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Lei JH, Gong X, Xiao XQ, Chen Z, Peng F. Genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus in 952 cases from 2014 to 2016 in Hunan Province, China. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:1055-1060. [PMID: 30154888 PMCID: PMC6111344 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.70664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few large-scale investigations on genotype (GT) distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Hunan Province, China, are reported. MATERIAL AND METHODS We recruited all of the 952 patients in the census register of Hunan Province who were first diagnosed with HCV infection in the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University in 2014-2016. HCV genotypes were surveyed. The genotype distribution pattern was compared with those of the neighboring regions in China. RESULTS Among the 952 patients, genotype 1 (GT1) (69.9%) was the most common HCV genotype, followed by GT6 (19.0%), GT3 (8.4%), and GT2 (2.6%). GT4 and GT5 were not found. One case had mixed infection of GT3 and GT6. Predominance of GT1 HCV was more evident in the patients aged ≥ 40 years than in those aged < 40 years (79.5% vs. 47.9%, χ2 = 95.993, p < 0.001). HCV genotype distribution had gender difference (χ2 = 44.695, p < 0.001), with GT3 and GT6 more prevalent in males than in females (36.2% vs. 18.2%, χ2 = 39.088, p < 0.001) while GT1 more prevalent in females than in males (80.1% vs. 60.3%, χ2 = 44.276, p < 0.001). Though Hunan Province is located in central China, its HCV genotype priority was similar with the change trend in south and southwest China, while distinguished from those of other regions, in particular from the neighboring central province, Hubei Province. CONCLUSIONS HCV GT1 was the most predominant HCV genotype in Hunan Province, and GT6 and GT3 accounted for a significant percentage, especially in young patients. The HCV distribution pattern was more similar to those of the regions in south China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Taherkhani R, Farshadpour F. Global elimination of hepatitis C virus infection: Progresses and the remaining challenges. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:1239-1252. [PMID: 29312527 PMCID: PMC5745585 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i33.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, with the introduction of interferon-free direct-acting antivirals and outstanding progresses in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the elimination of HCV infection seems more achievable. A further challenge is continued transmission of HCV infection in high-risk population specially injecting drug users (IDUs) as the major reservoir of HCV infection. Considering the fact that most of these infections remain undiagnosed, unidentified HCV-infected IDUs are potential sources for the rapid spread of HCV in the community. The continuous increase in the number of IDUs along with the rising prevalence of HCV infection among young IDUs is harbinger of a forthcoming public health dilemma, presenting a serious challenge to control transmission of HCV infection. Even the changes in HCV genotype distribution attributed to injecting drug use confirm this issue. These circumstances create a strong demand for timely diagnosis and proper treatment of HCV-infected patients through risk-based screening to mitigate the risk of HCV transmission in the IDUs community and, consequently, in the society. Meanwhile, raising general awareness of HCV infection, diagnosis and treatment through public education should be the core activity of any harm reduction intervention, as the root cause of failure in control of HCV infection has been lack of awareness among young drug takers. In addition, effective prevention, comprehensive screening programs with a specific focus on high-risk population, accessibility to the new anti-HCV treatment regimens and public education should be considered as the top priorities of any health policy decision to eliminate HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Taherkhani
- the Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farshadpour
- the Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran
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