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Huesmann K, Schorer J, Büsch D, Witt J, Loffing F. Expert goalkeepers' and coaches' views on anticipation and cue utilisation facing backcourt throws in handball goalkeeping. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1215696. [PMID: 37877118 PMCID: PMC10591308 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1215696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Handball goalkeepers have to act under severe spatio-temporal pressure in both standardised (e.g., 7 m penalty) and non-standardised situations (e.g., backcourt throws) which require them to predict action outcome before ball flight is visible. So far, research on goalkeepers' cue utilisation for anticipation of an opponent's action has mainly focused on 7 m throw situations whereas little attention has been paid to the latter, more complex and far more frequently occurring backcourt throw situations. Methods To address this gap, we conducted semi-structured interviews with N = 6 expert handball goalkeepers and goalkeeper coaches [all of whom were (former) expert handball goalkeepers] on anticipation and cue utilisation when facing backcourt throws. The interviews were subsequently transcribed, coded and results were inductively as well as deductively categorised by means of a thematic analysis. Results Results reveal a variety of kinematic and contextual cues relevant for action anticipation that become available before the game and before or during the throw. Participants reported to use information from the offence (e.g., thrower's jump; opposing team's task distribution) and the defence (e.g., defensive players' strategies, block position) for anticipation in backcourt throw situations. Additionally, we identified several factors that influence cue availability and utilisation. Discussion Our findings provide a thorough basis to (a) guide future research that yields questions on kinematic and contextual cue integration and in-situ cue usage as well as (b) inform the development of training programs to foster goalkeepers' anticipatory skill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Huesmann
- Department of Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Schorer
- Department of Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Büsch
- Department of Training Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jelto Witt
- Department of Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Florian Loffing
- Department of Performance Psychology, Psychological Institute, German Sports University, Cologne, Germany
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Cabrera Quercini I, González-Ramírez A, García Tormo J, Martínez I. Selección de indicadores de éxito en balonmano de élite a través de árboles de decisión. REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y DEL DEPORTE 2022. [DOI: 10.15366/rimcafd2022.88.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
El objetivo fue analizar los indicadores de éxito en el Campeonato Europeo de balonmano masculino utilizando árboles de decisión como modelos de inteligencia artificial. Se utilizó la metodología observacional. La muestra fue compuesta por 87 partidos de los Campeonatos de Europa masculinos de selecciones de balonmano 2016 y 2018. Como resultado más importante, el modelo identificó tres variables relevantes para alcanzar una precisión elevada en la predicción de resultados de balonmano. Se concluye que la utilización de estos modelos permite reducir ampliamente la complejidad en el análisis de los indicadores de éxito en balonmano.
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Keisuke H, Aida H, Fujimoto H, Yamada E, Gómez MÁ. The relationship between shots and rebounded areas in handball games. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2022.2079891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiramoto Keisuke
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aida
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hajime Fujimoto
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Eiko Yamada
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Miguel-Ángel Gómez
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain
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The "Empty-Goal" Rule Change from the Perspective of International-Level Team Handball Goalkeepers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116506. [PMID: 35682091 PMCID: PMC9179990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The 2016 "empty-goal" rule change in team handball allowed for swift goalkeeper-player substitutions, which opened the door to a variety of tactical solutions that could not be implemented prior to the change. This change is one of many rule changes that have taken place in ball games in general and in handball in particular that were aimed to improve the competition and make gameplay more interesting. Previous literature shows that more often than not, such rule changes have led to unforeseen and undesired effects on players' and teams' behavior and performance. The aim of the current study was to consider the empty-goal rule from the goalkeeper's perspective, as their offense-defense game routine was drastically transformed following the introduction of this new rule. Results of a survey among 95 professional goalkeepers, 80 of whom participated in international matches, revealed that the keepers' level of confidence in empty-goal situations is moderate to high, that empty goal is rarely practiced more than once a week, and that less experienced goalkeepers are more positive regarding this rule change. Additionally, we found that the amount of empty-goal practice is positively related to the approval of the empty-goal rule among goalkeepers.
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Angulo E, Romero FP, López-Gómez JA. A comparison of different soft-computing techniques for the evaluation of handball goalkeepers. Soft comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-021-06440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe efficiency of handball goalkeepers is a good predictor of team ranking in tournaments, but despite this, very few studies have been carried out into the performance characteristics of elite goalkeepers. This paper provides the criteria for evaluating a handball goalkeeper and applies a variety of soft-computing methodologies for estimating their weights. More specifically, a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method, a metaheuristic optimisation algorithm, and statistical and domain-knowledge-based methods were used to evaluate the actions of goalkeepers during the game. Computer experiments were performed for all the proposed methodologies, using data from the 2020 European Men’s Handball Championship, in order to estimate the weights of the indicators. Then, these weights were used to identify the best goalkeeper and identify and rank the top five goalkeepers as determined by the tournament organisers. The results obtained show that using the metaheuristic-based method is extremely helpful in quantifying the expert assessments, which are often challenging to express in a disaggregated form. The other two techniques offer a less optimal but more easily interpretable result for coaches and fans.
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Pueo B, Tortosa-Martínez J, Chirosa-Rios LJ, Manchado C. Throwing performance by playing positions of male handball players during the European Championship 2020. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 32:588-597. [PMID: 34792216 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the throwing velocity and effectiveness of elite male handball players during the European Championship 2020. A local positioning system was used for the first time in a European Championship to collect 6568 throw events from 337 players of 24 national teams during 65 matches. ANOVA (F = 80.8, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.058) revealed that back players throws were significantly faster (24.3-26.5 m/s) than the rest of the players (22.2-22.5 m/s). Similarly, throws made from the central zone showed the highest speed values of 28.0 m/s (F = 43.2, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.050). In regard to the goal hit zone, higher speeds were shown for throws in side zones (24.9-26.8 m/s) compared to central zones (23.0-23.8 m/s) (F = 49.0, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.063). Effectiveness was higher in wing players (62%-64%) than the rest (45%-56%) (F = 30.9, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.023). Interestingly, the two higher velocity categories (>22 m/s) showed similar effectiveness (~60%), which were higher than the preceding slower category of 17-22 m/s (39.7%) (F = 175.1, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.074). Regarding court zones, throws from first-line zones (48%-60%), were more effective than from second line (38%-43%) (F = 13.1, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.016). With respect to the goal hit zone, effectiveness was higher in side (72%-77%) than in central zones (58%-64%) (F = 523.2, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.418). Coaches should improve the throwing velocity of players but also train at submaximal velocities (effective velocity) to save energy and reduce the potential risk of injury. Finally, training should be specialized according to the performance shown by players from different throwing zones, rather than from playing positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basilio Pueo
- Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Tortosa-Martínez
- Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Luis J Chirosa-Rios
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Manchado
- Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,Methods Commission, European Handball Federation
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Sport Performance Analysis with a Focus on Racket Sports: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11199212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Athletes, both professional and amateur, are always looking for ways to improve their performance. With the introduction and increasing availability of modern technologies and smart devices arose the need to measure and analyze performance, but likewise, the use of these innovations as a competitive advantage also arose. Scientific publications reflect the wide range of available approaches and technologies, as well as the growing interest in various sports. As a result, we concentrated on a systematic review of publications that presented performance analysis tools and methods in all sports, with a final focus on racket sports. Clarivate Analytics’ Web of Science (WoS) and Elsevier Inc.’s SCOPUS databases were searched for 1147 studies that conducted performance analysis and sports research and were published in English. The data in the systematic review are current, up until 18 May 2021. A general review was performed on 759 items, and then 65 racket sports publications were thoroughly scrutinized. We concentrated on performance data, data collection and analysis tools, performance analysis methods, and software. We also talked about performance prediction. In performance research, we have identified specific approaches for specific sports as well as key countries. We are also considering expanding performance analysis in to E-sports in the future.
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López-Gajardo M, González-Ponce I, Pulido J, García-Calvo T, Leo F. ANÁLISIS DE LAS ACCIONES TÉCNICO-TÁCTICAS DEL PORTERO DE FÚTBOL EN COMPETICIÓN. REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y DEL DEPORTE 2020. [DOI: 10.15366/rimcafd2020.80.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las diferencias en el número y tipo de acciones técnico-tácticas de los porteros en competición en función de la división y de si juegan como local o visitante. Para ello, se han analizado 80 partidos con un total de 160 porteros de 1ª, 2ª, 2ªB y 3ª división española. Los resultados mostraron que no existen diferencias significativas entre el número de acciones medias realizadas por partido en cada división, pero sí se encontraron diferencias significativas en 9 de los 48 gestos técnico-tácticos específicos estudiados. Además, se encontraron pequeñas diferencias en cuanto al número de acciones en función de si los porteros juegan como local o visitante. Por tanto, la principal conclusión de este estudio es la importancia de analizar los tipos de acciones técnico-tácticas de los porteros ya que nos pueden ofrecer información relevante para el entrenamiento y la competición.
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Gabrys T, Stanula A, Gupta S, Szmatlan-Gabrys U, Benešová D, Wicha Ł, Baron J. A Comparative Study on the Performance Profile of Under-17 and Under-19 Handball Players Trained in the Sports School System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217979. [PMID: 33143006 PMCID: PMC7662379 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the anatomical profiles, jump, sprint, power outputs, endurance, and peak blood lactate levels ([LA]peak) of handball players of two age groups—U17 (n = 77) and U19 (n = 46)—and analyses the role of training in their physical abilities. Vertical jump performance was determined by counter movement jump (CMJ) and counter movement jump with free arms (CMJFA) tests. A running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) determined the relative power output (watts/kg body weight) and absolute power output (watts) of the players. Sprint performance over 5 m, 10 m, and 30 m distances was evaluated. An incremental shuttle run test (40 m) was designed to determine aerobic threshold (AeT), anaerobic threshold (AnT), and [LA]peak. All parameters were measured for pivots, wingers, backs, and goalkeepers of each group. The U19 players were significantly heavier than the U17 group, but both the groups were nearly equal in height. The U19 group jumped higher than the U17 members, although the only significant difference (p = 0.032) was observed between the wingers of the groups in CMJ. Sprint performance varied marginally between the groups and only U19 pivots were found to be significantly (for distances of 5, 10, and 30 m: p = 0.047, p = 0.018, and p = 0.021, respectively) faster than U17 pivots. No difference in relative power output between the groups was noted, although the U19 players recorded higher absolute power outputs. Maximal velocity and velocities at the AeT and AnT were almost similar in the groups. Distance covered by the groups at the intensities of AeT and AnT varied only little. Higher [LA]peak was observed in the U19 players. U19 players failed to convert their superior power into speed and jump. The training pattern of the handball players needs to be revised so that U19 players may develop faster and be more enduring than the U17 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Gabrys
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Pedagogy, University of West Bohemia, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (T.G.); (D.B.)
| | - Arkadiusz Stanula
- Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48 207-53-33
| | - Subir Gupta
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of West Indies, 11000 Cave Hill, Barbados;
| | - Urszula Szmatlan-Gabrys
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Department of Anatomy, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Daniela Benešová
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Pedagogy, University of West Bohemia, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (T.G.); (D.B.)
| | - Łukasz Wicha
- Polish Handball Federation, Puławska 300 A, 02-819 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Jakub Baron
- Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
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Manchado C, Tortosa Martínez J, Pueo B, Cortell Tormo JM, Vila H, Ferragut C, Sánchez Sánchez F, Busquier S, Amat S, Chirosa Ríos LJ. High-Performance Handball Player's Time-Motion Analysis by Playing Positions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6768. [PMID: 32957441 PMCID: PMC7559068 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the on-court demands of handball players during the European Handball Federation Champions League Final Four (VELUX EHF FINAL4) 2019 to define time-motion characteristics (played time; covered distances) both in offense and defense. Furthermore; we aimed to define position-specific demands and differences among them. Forty players from three teams were analyzed during the tournament using a local positioning system (LPS) for the first time in top handball. Players covered similar distances both in offense (1388.28 ± 2627.08 m), and in defense (1305.47 ± 5059.64 m) and remained on court for a similar average time (15.69 ± 8.02 min and 15.40 ± 8.94 min respectively). When locomotion activities were normalized according to the time they spent on court; significant differences were found for defense compared to offense in walking (+20%; p < 0.000; Cohen's effect size (ES) = 1.01) and jogging (-29.6%; p = 0.000; ES = 0.90), as well as a tendency for high-intensity running (+ 25.2%; p = 0.077; ES = 0.31). Per playing position; center and left back (CB = 94.86 ± 10.98 m·min-1; LB = 96.55 ± 24.65 m·min-1) showed the highest running pace in offense and mid-left; front center defender and outside right for the defense (ML = 90.38 ± 30.16 m·min-1; FCD = 87.04 ± 14.94 m·min-1; OR = 89.64 ± 34.93 m·min-1). In conclusion; profile differences existed among players' position activity; both in offense and defense; which should be taken into account when designing specific physical training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Manchado
- Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (C.M.); (J.T.M.); (B.P.); (J.M.C.T.)
| | - Juan Tortosa Martínez
- Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (C.M.); (J.T.M.); (B.P.); (J.M.C.T.)
| | - Basilio Pueo
- Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (C.M.); (J.T.M.); (B.P.); (J.M.C.T.)
| | - Juan Manuel Cortell Tormo
- Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (C.M.); (J.T.M.); (B.P.); (J.M.C.T.)
| | - Helena Vila
- Faculty of Education, University of Vigo, 36905 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Carmen Ferragut
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | | | - Sonia Busquier
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; (S.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Sergio Amat
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; (S.B.); (S.A.)
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Cocić D, Vaci N, Prieger R, Bilalić M. Reading the Future from Body Movements -Anticipation in Handball. J Mot Behav 2020; 53:483-498. [PMID: 32746741 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2020.1802216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In speed-based sports that require fast reactions, the most accurate predictions are made once the players have seen the ball trajectory. However, waiting for the ball trajectory does not leave enough time for appropriate reactions. Expert athletes use kinematic information which they extract from the opponent's movements to anticipate the ball trajectory. Temporal occlusion, where only a part of the full movement sequence is presented, has often been used to research anticipation in sports. Unlike many previous studies, we chose occlusion points in video-stimuli of penalty shooting in handball based on the domain-specific analysis of movement sequences. Instead of relying on randomly chosen occlusion points, each time point in our study revealed a specific chunk of information about the direction of the ball. The multivariate analysis showed that handball goalkeepers were not only more accurate and faster than novices overall when predicting where the ball will end up, but that experts and novices also made their decisions based on different kinds of movement sequences. These findings underline the importance of kinematic knowledge for anticipation, but they also demonstrate the significance of carefully chosen occlusion points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Cocić
- Department of Psychology, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nemanja Vaci
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robert Prieger
- Institute of Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Merim Bilalić
- Department of Psychology, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Krawczyk P, Cackowski M, Dziubek Ł. The participation of the defender and the actions of handball goalkeepers in the situation of throws from backcourt positions. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2020.1753966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Krawczyk
- Division of Physical Education and Sport, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Cackowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Dziubek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Gómez-López M, Angosto S, Antúnez A. Efficiency of the goalkeepers in the women’s World Handball Championship in Germany 2017. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CINEANTROPOMETRIA E DESEMPENHO HUMANO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-0037.2020v22e72115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The performance of goalkeepers can predict the final ranking of teams in tournaments. The aim of the study was to examine the percentages of goalkeepers of different national teams, according to the position on the field from which the pitch was taken, the location of the pitch in the goal and the ranking of the game. To this end, a documentary study based on the data collected by the International Handball Federation was carried out with 24 national teams that took part in the last absolute handball world championship (Germany 2017). The sample consisted of 7606 pitches made in 83 matches. The results showed that the highest percentage of saves was obtained with shots taken from the 9 meters and to the central and middle zone of the goal, and the lowest with throws in fast-breaks and to the lower and lateral areas of the goal. There were no significant differences in the variables analyzed according to the game ranking, except in pitching zone 1.
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Hatzimanouil D. Goalkeepers’ rating, evaluation and classification, according to the number of games, participation time and effectiveness at the Women’s European Handball Championship in 2018. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2019.1642676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Hatzimanouil
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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