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Drabik K, Wengerska K, Kasperek K, Knaga S, Batkowska J. Analysis of the Quality and Chemical Composition of Double-Yolked Eggs Compared to Those of a Normal Structure. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1568. [PMID: 38891618 PMCID: PMC11171307 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The study material consisted of 360 eggs from a reproductive flock of meat-type hens; 240 were double-yolked eggs and 120 were single-yolked as a control group. The eggs were numbered individually and then analysed for their quality in terms of characteristics of the whole egg (weight, shape index, specific gravity), shell (colour, strength, weight, density), albumen (pH, height, weight, Haugh units) and yolk (colour, weight, shape index, pH). During the analyses, yolks were sampled for analyses including basic composition, fatty acid profile (by gas chromatography) and fatty acid indices. It was found that double-yolked eggs differed significantly from single-yolked ones in terms of weight, proportion of individual elements in the egg weight, total protein content in the yolks as well as in terms of the fatty acid profile and their indices both due to the presence or absence of two yolks and in the context of the individual yolks analysed. The results indicate the possibility of using double-yolked eggs as table eggs due to the absence of negative effects stemming from being double-yolked and the increased content of biologically important components such as fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Drabik
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (K.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Karolina Wengerska
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (K.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Kornel Kasperek
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (K.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Sebastian Knaga
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 28 Mazowiecka St., 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Justyna Batkowska
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (K.K.); (J.B.)
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Białowąs W, Blicharska E, Drabik K. Biofortification of Plant- and Animal-Based Foods in Limiting the Problem of Microelement Deficiencies-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1481. [PMID: 38794719 PMCID: PMC11124325 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
With a burgeoning global population, meeting the demand for increased food production presents challenges, particularly concerning mineral deficiencies in diets. Micronutrient shortages like iron, iodine, zinc, selenium, and magnesium carry severe health implications, especially in developing nations. Biofortification of plants and plant products emerges as a promising remedy to enhance micronutrient levels in food. Utilizing agronomic biofortification, conventional plant breeding, and genetic engineering yields raw materials with heightened micronutrient contents and improved bioavailability. A similar strategy extends to animal-derived foods by fortifying eggs, meat, and dairy products with micronutrients. Employing "dual" biofortification, utilizing previously enriched plant materials as a micronutrient source for livestock, proves an innovative solution. Amid biofortification research, conducting in vitro and in vivo experiments is essential to assess the bioactivity of micronutrients from enriched materials, emphasizing digestibility, bioavailability, and safety. Mineral deficiencies in human diets present a significant health challenge. Biofortification of plants and animal products emerges as a promising approach to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies, necessitating further research into the utilization of biofortified raw materials in the human diet, with a focus on bioavailability, digestibility, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Białowąs
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Eliza Blicharska
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdyscyplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Kamil Drabik
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Elnesr SS, Mahmoud BY, da Silva Pires PG, Moraes P, Elwan HAM, El-Shall NA, El-Kholy MS, Alagawany M. Trace Minerals in Laying Hen Diets and Their Effects on Egg Quality. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04121-8. [PMID: 38424327 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
With the advancement in the egg industry sector, egg quality has assumed great significance in certain countries. Enhancements in the nutritional value of eggs may have direct affirmative consequences for daily nutrient intake and therefore for human health. Thus, affirmative improvement in egg quality boosts consumer preferences for eggs. Also, the improvement in eggshell quality can avoid the disposal of broken eggs and consequently economic losses. Therefore, poultry nutrition and mineral supplements have a significant impact on egg quality. Minerals are crucial in poultry feed for a number of biological processes, including catalytic, physiologic, and structural processes. For instance, they contribute to the biological processes necessary for forming and developing eggshells. To produce high-quality eggs for sale, diets must therefore contain the right amount of minerals. This review aims to highlight the role of both organic and inorganic minerals in improving egg quality, in addition to reviewing the interactions of mineral supplements with intestinal microbiota and subsequent effects on the egg quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt.
| | - Bothaina Y Mahmoud
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Paula Gabriela da Silva Pires
- Department of Animal Science, Faculdade de Agronomia, Campus Do ValeAv. Bento Gonçalves, 7712 - Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Priscila Moraes
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CCA, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346 Itacorub, Florianopolis, SC, 88034-000, Brazil
| | - Hamada A M Elwan
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya, 61519, Egypt
| | - Nahed Ahmed El-Shall
- Department Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, El-Beheira, 22758, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S El-Kholy
- Poultry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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Dibakoane SR, Meiring B, Dube BA, Wokadala OC, Mlambo V. The application of multi-elemental fingerprints and chemometrics for discriminating between cage and free-range table eggs based on atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and colorimetry. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-023-01899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Ligas B, Izydorczyk G, Mikula K, Skrzypczak D, Konkol D, Korczyński M, Witek-Krowiak A, Chojnacka K. Valorization of postextraction residues-analysis of the influence of new feed additives with micronutrients on eggs quality parameters. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101416. [PMID: 34607152 PMCID: PMC8493587 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents attempts to enrich hens eggs with ions of copper, manganese, and zinc through the use of new feed additives (19 mg Cu2+; 124 mg Mn2+ and 85 mg Zn2+) such as biomass of alfalfa and goldenrod after extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide enriched with microelements via biosorption. Mechanical parameters of eggs (shell thickness and strength, Haugh unite), hen's laying performance, microelements content in albumen and yolk were examined and the transfer factor from feed to eggs was determined. The highest transfer of microelements content in albumen occurred in the group of hens fed with enriched goldenrod in a 100% dose (daily dose of microelements from biomass; Cu2+ 106%; Mn2+ 104%; Zn2+ 104% more in comparison to the inorganic salt group), while the highest yolk enrichment with microelements manifested itself for hens fed with enriched goldenrod in a 50% dose (daily dose of microelements from biomass; Cu2+ 32%; Zn2+ 22% more in comparison to the inorganic salt group). These groups also had the highest total microelements concentration. Mechanical properties of eggs varied insignificantly during the trial. Production parameters did not differ statistically among all experimental group. Eggs produced with need additives had better organoleptic parameters than fed with conventional premixes, which is why they were preferred by the respondents. The presented technology allows obtaining low-cost feed materials characterized by high bioavailability of components. The produced feed additives can serve as potential material for biofortification of eggs with nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Ligas
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Izydorczyk
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mikula
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Skrzypczak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Damian Konkol
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 38C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Korczyński
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 38C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Witek-Krowiak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland
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Drabik K, Karwowska M, Wengerska K, Próchniak T, Adamczuk A, Batkowska J. The Variability of Quality Traits of Table Eggs and Eggshell Mineral Composition Depending on Hens' Breed and Eggshell Color. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1204. [PMID: 33922160 PMCID: PMC8146221 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the eggshell color parameters and its mineral composition as well as the internal quality of eggs derived from various breeds of hens, varied by eggshell color: seledine from Araucana, brown from Marans, and white from Leghorn. The sample consisted of 180 eggs (60/group) The eggshell color was measured using CIE L*a*b* system. The quality evaluation included traits of whole egg (weight, specific gravity, proportions of elements, shape index), yolk (weight, color, index, pH), albumen (weight, height, pH), and shell (color, strength, weight, thickness, density). The mineral composition of eggshells was analyzed. The eggs origin affected the quality characteristics of particular egg elements (p < 0.001). However, the impact of analyzed colors on the egg quality traits varied, and in the case of whole egg and albumen traits the most favorable was the white color (p ≤ 0.05), while in the case of the strength of shell or its thickness it was the dark brown color (p ≤ 0.05). The eggshell color influenced variations in its mineral composition (p < 0.001) except potassium and sodium content, while the proportion of particular mineral elements in shell was correlated with the L*a*b* color space coordinates (p ≤ 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Drabik
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (K.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Karwowska
- Department of Meat Technology and Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 8 Skromna St., 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Karolina Wengerska
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (K.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomasz Próchniak
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (K.W.); (T.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Adamczuk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 4 Doświadczalna St., 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Justyna Batkowska
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (K.W.); (T.P.)
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Szymanek E, Andraszek K, Banaszewska D, Drabik K, Batkowska J. Content of selected inorganic compounds in the eggs of hens kept in two different systems: organic and battery cage. Arch Anim Breed 2019; 62:431-436. [PMID: 31807654 PMCID: PMC6853034 DOI: 10.5194/aab-62-431-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen increased interest in the influence of bioactive dietary components on human genes and gene expression. A good source of many bioactive substances is the chicken egg. The egg is considered to be an excellent food provided by nature. It is a good source of nutrients such as vitamins A, B2, B6, B12, D, E and K, as well as elements including phosphorus, selenium, iron, zinc, magnesium and calcium. The research material use in this study consisted of eggs from hens kept in two different systems: organic and battery cages. The content of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) was determined in the egg contents - in the yolk and white respectively. The content of elements was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) using an AA280 FS spectrometer with the automatic dilution of standards and samples. The eggs from the organically raised hens had a higher calcium, magnesium and zinc content. The greater variation in the Ca, Mg and Zn content in the organic eggs is due to the more individualized feeding system. The rearing system of the hens significantly affects the concentration of elements in the egg. The results of this research indicate that eggs from organic farming systems have a richer chemical composition in terms of the content of nutrients such as calcium, magnesium and zinc compared with eggs obtained from caged hens. Therefore, consumers purchasing eggs should consider the system in which the hens were reared, as eggs can be a valuable source of these elements in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Szymanek
- Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, 08-110, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Andraszek
- Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, 08-110, Poland
| | - Dorota Banaszewska
- Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural
Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, 08-110, Poland
| | - Kamil Drabik
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Live
Science in Lublin, Lublin, 20-950, Poland
| | - Justyna Batkowska
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Live
Science in Lublin, Lublin, 20-950, Poland
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Al-Shammari K, Batkowska J, Drabik K, Gryzińska M. Time of sexual maturity and early egg quality of Japanese quails affected by in ovo injection of medicinal plants. Arch Anim Breed 2019; 62:423-430. [PMID: 31807653 PMCID: PMC6852847 DOI: 10.5194/aab-62-423-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the time to sexual maturity and quality of initial eggs of Japanese quail affected by in ovo injection of plant extracts: ginger (GR), garlic (GC), oregano (O) and cinnamon (C). In total, 2400 eggs of Japanese quails were divided into six groups on the fifth day of incubation. Group I was the control group (NC), which was not injected. Other eggs were injected with 0.1 mL of liquid: group II - the positive control (PC) - with distilled water, group III with 1 % solution of GR, group IV with GC, group V with O and group VI with C. After hatching, the birds were reared in a cage system and fed with balanced mixtures, and 24 h lighting was used. The time at which birds reached sexual maturity was registered, while in the seventh week of rearing, 120 eggs were subject to quality evaluation. The traits of a whole egg (shape index as the ratio of egg width to egg length, weight, specific gravity), shell (strength, weight, thickness and density), albumen (weight, height), yolk (color, weight, index) were evaluated. At the earliest, on 36th day of life, eggs were laid by birds from the GC group, followed by C (37th day), O and NC (38th day), GR (39th day), and PC (41st day). During the first 2 weeks significantly more eggs were collected from the GC than from the other groups. The heaviest eggs derived from GC and GR groups, whereas the lightest came from the C group. Eggs from the GC group had the best shell strength and the greatest proportion of yolk. The use of medicinal herbs by injection in ovo may considerably modify both time of sexual maturity and quality of the initial eggs of Japanese quail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karrar I. A. Al-Shammari
- Department of Animal Production Techniques, Al-Musaib Technical
College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Babylon Province, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Justyna Batkowska
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life
Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamil Drabik
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life
Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena M. Gryzińska
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life
Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Feed Additives Produced on the Basis of Organic Forms of Micronutrients as a Means of Biofortification of Food of Animal Origin. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/8084127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a steadily growing demand for animal protein. Consumer awareness is also growing every year, which is why breeders are obliged to provide animals with the best possible environmental conditions that will determine the productivity of animals and the quality of raw materials obtained from them. Today's consumer is looking for not only the highest quality food but also the one that will characterize health-promoting properties. Therefore, food is sought, which will be characterized by a favorable profile of fatty acids and a high content of biologically active ingredients, such as vitamins or minerals. One of the most effective methods of enriching food with these ingredients is their supplementation in feed. However, it should be remembered that the form in which such a component will be delivered is very important. High hopes are associated with the possibility of using organic forms of macro- and micronutrients, which are sometimes better absorbed than inorganic salts. The aim of the work was to collect and systematize knowledge related to the possibility of enriching food of animal origin with micronutrients using additional feed containing these ingredients in organic form.
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Drabik K, Chabroszewska P, Vasiukov K, Adamczuk A, Batkowska J. Glycerin as a factor for moderating quality changes in table eggs during storage. Arch Anim Breed 2018. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-61-285-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. Glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production, is non-toxic to humans and
the environment. With the current increase in the demand for fuels obtained from
biomass, the amount of glycerine waste production is increasing. There are many ways to
dispose this substance (in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and in chemical industry),
but its utilization is still insufficient. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess
the possibility of limiting quality changes in table eggs during
storage by coating the shells with a glycerol solution. The material used in this research consisted
of 270 table chicken eggs collected on the same day. On the first day of the
experiment, quality traits of 30 eggs were evaluated (initial control group). The
remaining 240 eggs were divided into two equal groups: control (eggs that
were not subjected to any treatment) and experimental (eggs that were coated with a
5 % aqueous solution of glycerol). The eggs were placed on transport
trays and stored at 14 ∘C and 70 % humidity. Quality
evaluations were carried out after 14 and 28 days of storage. The depth of the air cell,
mass and specific gravity of the egg, the shell characteristics (water vapour
conductance, strength, mass, thickness, and density), and the content traits (pH
of the albumen and yolk, Haugh units, and colour and weight of the yolk) were evaluated.
The results obtained suggest that the use of glycerine may contribute to
slowing adverse changes in egg quality during storage by limiting
CO2 removal from the egg content, which allows the egg to maintain albumen
structure. Due to the fact that glycerine is a safe, cheap, and easy-to-apply
substance, its large-scale use in poultry raw material storage seems to be a very real possibility.
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