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Cattley RC, Kromhout H, Sun M, Tokar EJ, Abdallah MAE, Bauer AK, Broadwater KR, Campo L, Corsini E, Houck KA, Ichihara G, Matsumoto M, Morais S, Mráz J, Nomiyama T, Ryan K, Shen H, Toyoda T, Vähäkangas K, Yakubovskaya MG, Yu IJ, DeBono NL, de Conti A, El Ghissassi F, Madia F, Mattock H, Pasqual E, Suonio E, Wedekind R, Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Schubauer-Berigan MK. Carcinogenicity of anthracene, 2-bromopropane, butyl methacrylate, and dimethyl hydrogen phosphite. Lancet Oncol 2023; 24:431-432. [PMID: 36966774 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Kromhout
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Meng Sun
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Erik J Tokar
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Alison K Bauer
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Laura Campo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Keith A Houck
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Gaku Ichihara
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Simone Morais
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jaroslav Mráz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Kristen Ryan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Huizhong Shen
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Takeshi Toyoda
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Il Je Yu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Aline de Conti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Federica Madia
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Heidi Mattock
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Elisa Pasqual
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Eero Suonio
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Carcinogenicity and testicular toxicity of 2-bromopropane in a 26-week inhalation study using the rasH2 mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1782. [PMID: 36721063 PMCID: PMC9889353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Bromopropane (2-BP) is a colorless liquid at room temperature and is used in closed systems in factories, mainly as an intermediate for medicines, pesticides, and other chemicals. However, the carcinogenicity of 2-BP is still unknown. The CByB6F1-Tg(HRAS)2Jic (rasH2) transgenic mouse model has been established as an alternative to long-term studies (1.5 years-lifetime) to detect carcinogenicity in as short a time as six months. We performed a 26-week inhalation exposure study of 2-BP using the rasH2 mouse model. Male and female rasH2 mice were exposed to 0, 67, 200, or 600 ppm of 2-BP for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 26 weeks. All tissues and blood were collected and subjected to biological and histopathological analyses. The results showed a concentration-dependent increase in lung tumor development in male and female rasH2 mice exposed by inhalation to 2-BP, which was significant by Peto's and Poly-3 trend tests. Furthermore, in male rasH2 mice, 2-BP was found to be a testicular toxin. This study is the first to demonstrate that 2-BP is carcinogenic in male and female mice and a testicular toxin in male mice using the rasH2 mouse model.
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Senoh H, Kasai T, Hirai S, Furukawa Y, Misumi K, Goto Y, Takanobu K, Matsumoto M, Fukushima S, Aiso S. Multi-organ carcinogenicity by inhalation exposure to 2-Bromopropane in rats. J Occup Health 2023; 65:e12388. [PMID: 36756793 PMCID: PMC9909380 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the carcinogenicity of 2-bromopropane (2-BP) in rats. METHODS Male and female F344 rats were exposed by whole body inhalation to 2-BP vapor at concentrations of 0, 67, 200, and 600 ppm for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 years. RESULTS All rats of both sexes exposed to 600 ppm died or became moribund within 85 weeks. Death/moribundity was caused by 2-BP induced tumors. In males, significantly increased tumors were malignant Zymbal's gland tumors; sebaceous adenoma and basal cell carcinoma of the skin/appendage; adenocarcinoma of the small/large intestine; follicular cell adenoma of the thyroid; fibroma of the subcutis, and malignant lymphoma of the lymph node. In addition, an increased trend in tumor incidence was found in the preputial gland, lung, forestomach, pancreas islet, brain, and spleen. In females, significantly increased tumors were adenocarcinoma and fibroadenoma of the mammary gland, squamous cell papilloma of the vagina, and large granular lymphocytic leukemia of the spleen. In addition, an increased trend in tumor incidence was found in Zymbal's gland, the clitoral gland, skin, large intestine, pancreas islet, uterus, and subcutis. Particularly, malignant Zymbal's gland tumors were induced even in males exposed to the lowest concentration, 67 ppm. CONCLUSION Two-year inhalation exposure to 2-BP resulted in multi-organ carcinogenicity in rats. Based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in this study, 2-BP has the potential to be a human carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Senoh
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
| | - Tatsuya Kasai
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
| | - Shigeyuki Hirai
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
| | - Yusuke Furukawa
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
| | - Kyohei Misumi
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
| | - Yuko Goto
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
| | - Kenji Takanobu
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
| | - Michiharu Matsumoto
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
| | - Shigetoshi Aiso
- Japan Bioassay Research CenterJapan Organization of Occupational Health and SafetyHadanoJapan
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4
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Iavicoli S, Valenti A, Barillari C, Fortuna G, Boccuni V, Carnevale F, Riva MA, Kang SK, Tomassini L. Making the Difference in Occupational Health: Three Original and Significant Cases Presented at ICOH Congresses in the 20 th Century. Saf Health Work 2020; 11:215-221. [PMID: 32596018 PMCID: PMC7303537 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to illustrate the historical role of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH) congresses as an arena where national and international occupational medicine can dialogue and as the first example of scientific transferability of the research and prevention results that have had such an impact on global public health. METHODS We used the ICOH Heritage Repository, in which ICOH congress proceedings (from the first congress in Milan in 1906 to the last congress, held in Dublin in 2018), are organised in an orderly way, updated and easily accessible according to open access logic. RESULTS We describe studies by three physicians who submitted significant scientific work to ICOH congresses, one on the battle against ancylostomiasis (Volante, 1906), the second (Quarelli, 1928) on carbon disulphide poisoning, and the third (Viola, 1969) on the carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride monomer. Priority is given to Italian cases, on account of the authors' obvious familiarity with the issues. CONCLUSION The visibility offered in ICOH conferences and their published proceedings has boosted the international spread of their findings, contributing to the scientific transferability of the research results and influencing the development of policies and prevention interventions that have had a great impact on global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Iavicoli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Valenti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Barillari
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Fortuna
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Boccuni
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Carnevale
- Center of Documentation for the History of Welfare and Health, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele A. Riva
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Seong-Kyu Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Luigi Tomassini
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
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5
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Park C. Reproductive toxic agents in work environments and related cases in Korea. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2020; 37:22-31. [PMID: 31914717 PMCID: PMC6986961 DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2019.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing concern and subsequent interest surrounding numerous reproductive toxic agents found in various working and non-working environments. Meanwhile, there have been many efforts in medical fields such as toxicology and epidemiology applying experimental studies to elucidate reproductive toxic agents' characterization and health effects. However, there remains insufficient research data and inadequate evidence in humans. Adverse reproductive outcomes vary from transient, moderate health effects to severely detrimental consequences, such as permanent infertility or childhood cancer of one's offspring. Furthermore, upon exposure to toxic agents, the latent period before reproductive health effects are observed is relatively short compared to other occupational diseases (e.g., occupational cancer); instant action is required once exposure to reproductive toxic agents is detected. Therefore, it is very important for workers and healthcare professionals to know about the reproductive toxic agents they are likely to be exposed to. In this review, we discuss the general epidemiology of reproductive health in Korea, and the information regarding these reproductive toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulyong Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kang Mijung's Internal Medicine Clinic, Daegu, Korea
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6
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Park J, Kim Y. The history of occupational health in South Korea. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2018; 74:50-57. [PMID: 30585530 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2018.1541859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
South Korea has experienced rapid economic development over a 60-year period, since the 1960s, rising up from the ruins of the 1950-1953 Korean War. During this short period, South Korea experienced a wide range of occupational safety and health (OSH) problems, similar to that experienced in most developed countries about 100-200 years previously. In response, the South Korean government established a national OSH services system that is on par with most developed countries. In recent years, South Korea now faces a new collection of OSH challenges, such as mental health issues, microenterprise issues, precarious workers, and the promotion of work ability in a rapidly changing socioeconomic structure. This study evaluates the establishment of South Korea's OSH services system, including the socio-politico-economic contexts that have had a profound influence on the system during each historical period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsun Park
- a Department of Occupational Health , Catholic University of Daegu , Gyeongsan , South Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- b Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Ulsan , South Korea
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7
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Kamijima M. [Reproductive Toxicological Research as Countermeasures to Declining Birth Rate]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2018; 73:330-337. [PMID: 30270301 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Research into reproductive toxicology may lead to one of the countermeasures to the declining birth rate observed in industrialized countries. Some chemicals can pose risks to human reproduction that is a multistage process starting from the development of male and female germ cells to childbirth and the subsequent growth and development of the child. In Japan, the government has amended law enforcement, i.e., the Regulations on Labor Standards for Women, recently to improve protection for pregnant women against reproductive chemical hazards in workplaces. Male workers may also be protected against such hazards if appropriate risk assessment and the following management are performed as required by the Industrial Safety and Health Law. However, it remains a concern that an unexpected adverse outcome due to an unknown reproduction hazard may occur owing to the use of chemicals not listed in the regulations. This is because the toxicity of a large number of chemicals has not been entirely revealed. Moreover, it is often difficult to determine from a Safety Data Sheet for a product of interest whether the chemicals contained in the product do not have reproductive toxicity or the toxicity data are just not available because of lack of pertinent studies. Thus, researchers in the field of occupational and environmental health need to make effort to fill in such data gaps and to raise the awareness among the public the importance of experimental and epidemiological studies. Study designs for investigating subclinical effects, mechanisms of reproductive toxicity, exposure levels, and dose-response relationships to determine environmental standards are also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Kamijima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
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Tabeshpour J, Mehri S, Shaebani Behbahani F, Hosseinzadeh H. Protective effects of Vitis vinifera
(grapes) and one of its biologically active constituents, resveratrol, against natural and chemical toxicities: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2164-2190. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Tabeshpour
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Student Research Committee; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Neurocognitive Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaebani Behbahani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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Cho YC, Nguyen TT, Park SY, Kim K, Kim HS, Jeong HG, Kim KK, Kim H. Bromopropane Compounds Increase the Stemness of Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1888. [PMID: 28862656 PMCID: PMC5618537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromopropane (BP) compounds, including 1-bromopropane, 2-bromopropane, and 1,2-dibromopropane, are used in industry for various purposes, and their deleterious effects on human health are becoming known. In this study, we examined the effects of BP compounds on the stemness of colorectal cancer cells. At low, non-cytotoxic concentrations, BP compounds significantly increased spheroid formation in CSC221, DLD1, Caco2, and HT29 cells. In addition, the levels of cancer stem cell markers, such as aldehyde dehydrogenase-1, cluster of differentiation 133 (CD133), CD44, Lgr5, Musashi-1, Ephrin receptor, and Bmi-1 increased after exposure to BP compounds. BP compounds increased the transcriptional activity of the TOPflash and glioma-associated oncogene homolog zinc finger protein (Gli) promoters in reporter assays and increased the expression of Gli-1, Gli-2, Smoothened (SMO), and β-catenin by RT-PCR. These results demonstrate for the first time that BP compounds have the potential to promote cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chang Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Thanh Thi Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thout 630000, Vietnam.
| | - So-Yeon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
| | - Kwonseop Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Brain Korea 21 Project, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea.
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
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10
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Sengupta P, Dutta S, Krajewska-Kulak E. The Disappearing Sperms: Analysis of Reports Published Between 1980 and 2015. Am J Mens Health 2016; 11:1279-1304. [PMID: 27099345 DOI: 10.1177/1557988316643383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports regarding the changes in sperm concentration in different counties of the world are inconsistent. Furthermore, the reports that sprung up from specific epidemiological and experimental examinations did not include data of prior studies or geographical variations. The current study, following a previous report of massive fall in semen volume over the past 33 years, attempts to delineate the trend of altering sperm concentrations and factors responsible for this by reviewing article published from 1980 to July 2015 with geographic differences. The current study identified an overall 57% diminution in mean sperm concentration over the past 35 years ( r = -.313, p = .0002), which, when analyzed for each geographical region, identified a significant decline in North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. An increasing trend of sperm concentration was identified only in Australia. The association of male age with such a trend ( R2 = .979) is reported. The authors also correlated male fertility with sperm concentration. Thus, this comprehensive, evidence-based literature review aims to concisely and systematically present the available data on sperm concentration from 1980 to 2015, as well as to statistically analyze the same and correlate male health with the declining pattern of sperm count in a single scientific review to serve the scientific research zone related to reproductive health. It points to the threat of male infertility in times ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sulagna Dutta
- 2 Ex-guest Teacher, Serampore College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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11
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Thapa P, Kim EK, Nepal MR, Jeong KS, Kang MJ, Noh K, Lee S, Jeong HG, Lee JH, Jeong TC, Lee ES. Identification of a N 7-guanine adduct of 1-bromopropane in calf thymus DNA by mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-016-0002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Xu Y, Wang S, Jiang L, Wang H, Yang Y, Li M, Wang X, Zhao X, Xie K. Identify Melatonin as a Novel Therapeutic Reagent in the Treatment of 1-Bromopropane(1-BP) Intoxication. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2203. [PMID: 26817862 PMCID: PMC4998236 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Bromopropane (1-BP) has been used as an alternative for fluoride compounds and 1-BP intoxication may involve lung, liver, and central neural system (CNS). Our previous studies showed that 1-BP impaired memory ability by compromising antioxidant cellular defenses. Melatonin is a powerful endogenousantioxidant, and the objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic role of melatonin in the treatment of 1-BP intoxication. Rats were intragastrically treated with 1-BP with or without melatonin, and then sacrificed on 27th day after 1-BP administration. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to evaluate the spatial learning and memory ability of the experimental animals, and NeuN staining was performed to assess neuron loss in hippocampus. We found that rats treated with 1-BP spent more time and swam longer distance before landing on the hidden platform with a comparable swimming speed, which was markedly mitigated by the pretreatment with melatonin in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, 1-BP-induced notable decrease in neuron population in hippocampus by promoting apoptosis, and melatonin pretreatment attenuated those changes in brain. The GSH/GSSG ratio was proportionately decreased and heme oxygenase 1 was increased in the rats exposed to 1-BP (Figure 6), and administration of melatonin restored them. Meanwhile, MDA, the level of lipid peroxidation product, was significantly increased upon exposed to 1-BP, which was significantly attenuated by melatonin pretreatment, indicating that administration of 1-BP could interfere with redox homeostasis of brain in rat, and such 1-BP-induced biomedical changes were reversed by treatment with melatonin.We conclude that treatment with melatonin attenuates 1-BP-induced CNS toxicity through its ROS scavenging effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Xu
- From the Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
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14
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Kim I, Kim MH, Lim S. Reproductive Hazards Still Persist in the Microelectronics Industry: Increased Risk of Spontaneous Abortion and Menstrual Aberration among Female Workers in the Microelectronics Industry in South Korea. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123679. [PMID: 25938673 PMCID: PMC4418732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the global expansion of supply chains and changes to the production process, few studies since the mid-1990 s and 2000s have examined reproductive risks of the microelectronics industry; we examined the reproductive risks among female microelectronics workers in South Korea. METHODS Based on claim data from the National Health Insurance (2008-2012), we estimated age-specific rates of spontaneous abortion (SAB) and menstrual aberration (MA) among women aged 20 to 39 years. We compared data between microelectronics workers and three different control groups: economically inactive women, the working population as a whole, and workers employed in the bank industry. For an effect measure, age-stratified relative risks (RRs) were estimated. RESULTS Female workers in the microelectronics industry showed significantly higher risk for SAB and MA compared to control groups. The RRs for SAB with reference to economically inactive women, working population, and bank workers in their twenties were 1.57, 1.40, and 1.37, respectively, and the RRs for MA among females in their twenties were 1.54, 1.38, and 1.48, respectively. For women in their thirties, RRs for SAB were 1.58, 1.67, and 1.13, and those for MA were 1.25, 1.35, and 1.23 compared to the three control populations, respectively. All RRs were statistically significant at a level of 0.05, except for the SAB case comparison with bank workers in their thirties. CONCLUSIONS Despite technical innovations and health and safety measures, female workers in microelectronics industry in South Korea have high rates of SAB and MA, suggesting continued exposure to reproductive hazards. Further etiologic studies based on primary data collection and careful surveillance are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inah Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hee Kim
- People’s Health Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Sinye Lim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Easley CA, Bradner JM, Moser A, Rickman CA, McEachin ZT, Merritt MM, Hansen JM, Caudle WM. Assessing reproductive toxicity of two environmental toxicants with a novel in vitro human spermatogenic model. Stem Cell Res 2015; 14:347-55. [PMID: 25863443 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental influences and insults by reproductive toxicant exposure can lead to impaired spermatogenesis or infertility. Understanding how toxicants disrupt spermatogenesis is critical for determining how environmental factors contribute to impaired fertility. While current animal models are available, understanding of the reproductive toxic effects on human fertility requires a more robust model system. We recently demonstrated that human pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into spermatogonial stem cells/spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, and haploid spermatids; a model that mimics many aspects of human spermatogenesis. Here, using this model system, we examine the effects of 2-bromopropane (2-BP) and 1,2,dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) on in vitro human spermatogenesis. 2-BP and DBCP are non-endocrine disrupting toxicants that are known to impact male fertility. We show that acute treatment with either 2-BP or DBCP induces a reduction in germ cell viability through apoptosis. 2-BP and DBCP affect viability of different cell populations as 2-BP primarily reduces spermatocyte viability, whereas DBCP exerts a much greater effect on spermatogonia. Acute treatment with 2-BP or DBCP also reduces the percentage of haploid spermatids. Both 2-BP and DBCP induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation leading to an oxidized cellular environment. Taken together, these results suggest that acute exposure with 2-BP or DBCP causes human germ cell death in vitro by inducing ROS formation. This system represents a unique platform for assessing human reproductive toxicity potential of various environmental toxicants in a rapid, efficient, and unbiased format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Easley
- Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Joshua M Bradner
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Heath, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Amber Moser
- Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chelsea A Rickman
- Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zachary T McEachin
- Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech College of Engineering, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Megan M Merritt
- Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jason M Hansen
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - W Michael Caudle
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Heath, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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16
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Garner CE, Liang S, Yin L, Yu X. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling for 1-bromopropane in F344 rats using gas uptake inhalation experiments. Toxicol Sci 2015; 145:23-36. [PMID: 25634537 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Bromopropane (1-BP) was introduced into the workplace as an alternative to ozone-depleting solvents and increasingly used in manufacturing industry. The potential exposure to 1-BP and the current reports of adverse effects associated with occupational exposure to high levels of 1-BP have increased the need to understand the mechanism of 1-BP toxicity in animal models as a mean of understanding risk in workers. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for 1-BP has been developed to examine 2 metabolic pathway assumptions for gas-uptake inhalation study. Based on previous gas-uptake experiments in the Fischer 344 rat, the PBPK model was developed by simulating the 1-BP concentration in a closed chamber. In the model, we tested the hypothesis that metabolism responsibilities were shared by the p450 CYP2E1 and glutathione (GSH) conjugation. The results showed that 2 metabolic pathways adequately simulated 1-BP closed chamber concentration. Furthermore, the above model was tested by simulating the gas-uptake data of the female rats pretreated with 1-aminobenzotrizole, a general P450 suicide inhibitor, or d,l-buthionine (S,R)-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, prior to exposure to 800 ppm 1-BP. The comparative investigation on the metabolic pathway of 1-BP through the PBPK modeling in both sexes provides critical information for understanding the role of p450 and GSH in the metabolism of 1-BP and eventually helps to quantitatively extrapolate current animal studies to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Edwin Garner
- *Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Shenxuan Liang
- *Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Lei Yin
- *Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Xiaozhong Yu
- *Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108 and Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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Rahimi HR, Agin K, Shadnia S, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Oghazian MB. Clinical and biochemical analysis of acute paint thinner intoxication in adults: a retrospective descriptive study. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 25:42-7. [PMID: 25297831 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.975388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Paint thinner contains a mixture of various aromatic hydrocarbons. A few studies have reported biochemical abnormalities and clinical symptoms of paint thinner intoxication among adult patients. OBJECTIVE We aimed to design a retrospective descriptive study to evaluate clinical and laboratory biochemistry abnormalities due to paint thinner intoxication among adult patients. METHODS Data were obtained by using questionnaires from paint thinner-intoxicated patients recruited at the Loghman-Hakim General Teaching Hospital Poison Center. RESULTS Clinical and paraclinical data from a total of 37 patients, 24 males (64.86%) and 13 females (35.14%) with the mean age of 34.35 ± 14.15 years and mode of 22 years, was obtained and analyzed. Patients' ages ranged between 15 and 70 years. The estimated mean consumed dose was 246.70 ± 390.72 ml with a mode of 60 ml (range of 1-1500 ml). Nausea, vomiting, asthma, sore throat, stomach ache, drowsiness, dizziness, agitation, cough and diarrhea were the most frequent clinical features, respectively. Reported tissue damage biomarkers were alkaline phosphatase (ALP, 233.84 ± 122.06) and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes (LDH, 749.33 ± 471.03 IU/l). They reflected development of liver and pulmonary toxicities. Arterial blood gas (ABG) showed acidosis without hypoxia in adult paint thinner-intoxicated patients. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Focusing on biochemical abnormalities and clinical toxicity symptoms is essential for screening organs in paint thinner toxicity. In addition, they provide good information for physicians/clinical toxicologists to perform appropriate conservative treatments in adult paint thinner-intoxicated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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18
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Hoyer PB, Keating AF. Xenobiotic effects in the ovary: temporary versus permanent infertility. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:511-23. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.880690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Garner CE, Yu X. Species and sex-dependent toxicokinetics of 1-bromopropane: the role of hepatic cytochrome P450 oxidation and glutathione (GSH). Xenobiotica 2014; 44:644-56. [PMID: 24438363 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2013.879624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1. The objectives of the current studies were to evaluate the factors influencing the toxicokinetics of 1-bromopropane (1-BP) in rodents after intravenous (IV) and inhalation exposure. 2. F-344 rats were administered 1-BP via IV bolus injection at 5 and 20 mg/kg and blood concentration determined versus time. F-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were also exposed to starting inhalation concentrations 70, 240, 800 and 2700 ppm 1-BP in a closed gas uptake system and chamber 1-BP levels were monitored for 6 h. Plasma bromide concentrations were determined to estimate total metabolized dose. Rats were pretreated with chemical inhibitors of cytochrome P450 and glutathione (GSH) synthesis, prior to exposure to 1-BP at 800 ppm within inhalation chambers. 3. Systemic clearance of 1-BP in rat was rapid and decreased with increasing dose. As inhalation chamber concentration of 1-BP increased, the terminal elimination rates decreased. Half-life of 1-BP in rats following inhibition of P450 (9.6 h) or depletion of GSH (4.1 h) increased relative to controls (2.0 h) at 800 ppm. The percentage of 1-BP metabolized decreased with increasing inhalation exposure. Hepatic levels of GSH were significantly lowered regardless of the exposure level in both rats and mice. Chamber concentration-time curves were fit to a two compartment model which was used to estimate metabolic rate constants. 4. These data suggest that in rat, 1-BP clearance is saturable and that elimination is highly dependent on both P450 and GSH-dependent metabolism. This investigation in rodents may provide an understanding of interspecies differences in toxicokinetics and eventually aid translation of animal studies to human risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Edwin Garner
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park , NC , USA and
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20
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Nagasawa Y, Samoto H, Ukai H, Okamoto S, Itoh K, Hanada T, Kanemaru A, Fukui Y, Kojima S, Moriguchi J, Sakuragi S, Ohashi F, Takada S, Kawakami T, Ikeda M. Use of organic solvents in large research institutions in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 2013; 18:341-8. [PMID: 23404090 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-012-0327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Laboratories in research institutions use organic solvents in research and development. Nevertheless, the types of solvents in use have been seldom reported. This study was initiated to elucidate types of organic solvents used in large research institutions in Japan, with a focus on possible different use among research fields. METHODS In 2010-2011, 4517 laboratories in seven large research institutions were visited. In accordance with legal stipulations, air in each laboratory was collected in polyvinyl fluoride bags and analyzed by direct injection into a gas-chromatograph for 47 types of organic solvents. In evaluation, the laboratories were grouped by 5 research fields, i.e., agriculture, biology, medicine, natural science, and technology and engineering. RESULTS Types of organic solvents commonly used in research activities were not diverse. Those commonly used were chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane out of 7 Group 1 organic solvents (with high toxicities); 6 organic solvents, i.e., acetone and methyl alcohol in general, ethyl acetate, hexane and toluene in technology and engineering laboratories; and xylenes in medical fields out of 40 Group 2 organic solvents (with relatively low toxicities). Judging from solvent vapor concentrations, work environments in more than 99 % of laboratories were considered adequate. Nevertheless, use of chloroform in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) resulted in inadequate environments in 30 laboratories (0.7 %). CONCLUSIONS Organic solvents commonly used were not very diverse. Work environments in research laboratories were generally good, but the environment with use of chloroform in HPLC analysis remained yet to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nagasawa
- Kyoto Industrial Health Association (Main Office), 67 Nishinokyo-Kitatsuboicho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan
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Béranger R, Hoffmann P, Christin-Maitre S, Bonneterre V. Occupational exposures to chemicals as a possible etiology in premature ovarian failure: a critical analysis of the literature. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 33:269-79. [PMID: 22281303 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a cause of infertility that affects about 1% of women under 40, and is considered as idiopathic in 75% of cases. An occupational chemical origin has been identified at least once with 2-bromopropane, but human studies are rare and experimental data are sparse. This review aims to carry out a critical synthesis of knowledge of the chemical agents likely to affect follicular stock in humans and/or animals, by direct toxicity to follicles, or by increasing their recruitments. Of 140 chemical agents (or groups) studied, 20 have been identified as potentially damaging to the ovarian reserve. For the majority of toxic agents, only experimental data are currently available. At least four of these agents are likely to lead to POF in descendents (ethylene glycol methyl ether; 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol; benzo[a]pyrene; dimethylbenzantracene). We propose a strategy aiming to encourage progress in identifying occupational factors responsible for POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Béranger
- UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (EPSP Team: Environnement et Prédiction de la Santé des Populations), Grenoble F-38041, France.
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Meyer-Baron M, Kim EA, Nuwayhid I, Ichihara G, Kang SK. Occupational exposure to neurotoxic substances in Asian countries - challenges and approaches. Neurotoxicology 2011; 33:853-61. [PMID: 22202747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The fact that a conference on neurotoxicity was held in China triggered the idea to provide an insight into occupational diseases, their development and the approaches to investigate them in Asian countries. A historical review, a meta-analysis, and studies on humans and animals provide impressions on past and current problems. The Korean example showed that each newly introduced industry is accompanied by its own problems as regards occupational diseases. Mercury and carbon disulfide were of importance in the beginning, whereas solvents and manganese became important later. Outbreaks of diseases were important reasons to guide both the public and the governmental attention to prevention and allowed within a relatively short time considerable progress. As the example on the replacement of 2-bromopropane by 1-bromopropane showed, also the introduction of chemicals that are more beneficial for the environment may result in additional occupational risks. A lower mutagenicity of 1-bromopopane was shown to be associated with a greater neurotoxicity in Japanese studies. Although occupational health and diseases are commonly related to adults, child workers exposed to solvents were examined in a Lebanese study. The study started outlining the health hazards in young workers because they might be at a much greater risk due to the not yet completed maturation of their nervous system. That some occupational diseases are not yet a focus of prevention was shown by the study on pesticides. If at all, the serious health consequences resulting from excessive exposure were investigated. Research enabling precautionary actions was not available from the international literature. Despite globalization the knowledge on occupational diseases is not yet "globalized" and each country obviously undergoes its own development triggered by local experiences. Economic development that requires a healthy workforce, but also public interest that challenges governmental regulations further efforts on the prevention of occupational diseases. The paper reflects a summary of the talks presented at the symposium "Occupational Neurotoxicities in Asian Countries" as part of the 11th International Symposium on Neurobehavioral Methods and Effects in Occupational and Environmental Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Meyer-Baron
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Germany.
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23
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Reproductive and developmental hazard management guidance: ACOEM Task Force on Reproductive Toxicology. J Occup Environ Med 2011; 53:941-9. [PMID: 21775895 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e318229a549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mark-Kappeler CJ, Hoyer PB, Devine PJ. Xenobiotic effects on ovarian preantral follicles. Biol Reprod 2011; 85:871-83. [PMID: 21697514 PMCID: PMC3197911 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.091173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Women are born with a finite population of ovarian follicles, which are slowly depleted during their reproductive years until reproductive failure (menopause) occurs. The rate of loss of primordial follicles is determined by genetic and environmental influences, but certain toxic exposures can accelerate this process. Ionizing radiation reduces preantral follicle numbers in rodents and humans in a dose-dependent manner. Cigarette smoking is linked to menopause occurring 1-4 yr earlier than with nonsmokers, and components of smoke, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, can cause follicle depletion in rodents or in ovaries in vitro. Chemotherapeutic agents, such as alkylating drugs and cisplatin, also cause loss of preantral ovarian follicles. Effects depend on dose, type, and reactivity of the drug, and the age of the individual. Evidence suggests DNA damage may underlie follicle loss induced by one common alkylating drug, cyclophosphamide. Occupational exposures have also been linked to ovarian damage. In an industrial setting, 2-bromopropane caused infertility in men and women, and it can induce ovarian follicle depletion in rats. Solvents, such as butadiene, 4-vinylcyclohexene, and their diepoxides, can also cause specific preantral follicle depletion. The mechanism(s) underlying effects of the latter compound may involve alterations in apoptosis, survival factors such as KIT/Kit Ligand, and/or the cellular signaling that maintains primordial follicle dormancy. Estrogenic endocrine disruptors may alter follicle formation/development and impair fertility or normal development of offspring. Thus, specific exposures are known or suspected of detrimentally impacting preantral ovarian follicles, leading to early ovarian failure.
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Gray L, Ostby J, Furr J, Wolf C, Lambright C, Parks L, Veeramachaneni D, Wilson V, Price M, Hotchkiss A, Orlando E, Guillette L. Effects of environmental antiandrogens on reproductive development in experimental animals. APMIS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2001.tb05780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Resveratrol protects against 2-bromopropane-induced apoptosis and disruption of embryonic development in blastocysts. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:4991-5010. [PMID: 21954340 PMCID: PMC3179147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12084991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Bromopropane (2-BP) is used as an alternative to ozone-depleting cleaning solvents. Previously, we reported that 2-BP has cytotoxic effects on mouse blastocysts and is associated with defects in subsequent development. In the present work, we show that 2-BP induces apoptosis in the inner cell mass of mouse blastocysts, and inhibits cell proliferation. Both effects are suppressed by resveratrol, a grape-derived phytoalexin with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. 2-BP-treated blastocysts displayed lower levels of implantation (compared to controls) when plated on culture dishes in vitro, and a reduced ability to proceed to later stages of embryonic development. Pretreatment with resveratrol prevented 2-BP-induced disruption of embryonic development, both in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation of these processes revealed that 2-BP directly promotes ROS generation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and activation of caspase-3, whereas resveratrol effectively blocks 2-BP-induced ROS production and the accompanying apoptotic biochemical changes. Our results collectively imply that 2-BP triggers the mitochondrion-dependent apoptotic pathway via ROS generation, and the antioxidant activity of resveratrol prevents 2-BP-induced toxicity.
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Nagasawa Y, Ukai H, Okamoto S, Samoto H, Itoh K, Moriguchi J, Sakuragi S, Ohashi F, Takada S, Kawakami T, Ikeda M. Organic solvent use in enterprises in Japan. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2011; 49:534-541. [PMID: 21697614 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.ms1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study was initiated to elucidate possible changes in types of organic solvents (to be called solvents in short) used in enterprises in Japan through comparison of current solvent types with historical data since 1983. To investigate current situation in solvent use in enterprises, surveys were conducted during one year of 2009 to 2010. In total, workroom air samples in 1,497 unit workplaces with solvent use were analyzed in accordance with regulatory requirements. Typical use pattern of solvents was as mixtures, accounting for >70% of cases. Adhesives spreading (followed by adhesion) was relatively common in small-scale enterprises, whereas printing and painting work was more common in middle-scale ones, and solvent use for testing and research purpose was basically in large-scaled enterprises. Through-out printing, painting, surface coating and adhesive application, toluene was most common (being detected in 49 to 82% of workplaces depending on work types), whereas isopropyl alcohol was most common (49%) in degreasing, cleaning and wiping workplaces. Other commonly used solvents were methyl alcohol, ethyl acetate and acetone (33 to 37%). Comparison with historical data in Japan and literature-retrieved data outside of Japan all agreed with the observation that toluene is the most commonly used solvent. Application of trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane, once common in 1980s, has ceased to exist in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nagasawa
- Kyoto Industrial Health Association (Main Office), 67 Nishinokyo-Kitatsuboicho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Abstract
Korea has industrialized since the 1970s. Pneumoconiosis in coal miners was the most common occupational disease in the 1970s to 1980s. With the industrialization, the use of many chemicals have increased since the 1970s. As a consequence, there were outbreaks of occupational diseases caused by poisonous chemicals, such as heavy metal poisoning, solvent poisoning and occupational asthma in the late 1980s and early 1990s with civil movement for democracy. Many actions have been taken for prevention by the government, employers and employees or unions. In the 1990s most chemical related diseases and pneumoconiosis have rapidly decreased due to improving work environment. In the late 1990s, cerebro-cardiovascular diseases related to job stress or work overloads have abruptly increased especially after the economic crisis in 1998. After the year 2000, musculoskeletal disorders became a major problem especially in assembly lines in the manufacturing industry and they were expanded to the service industry. Mental diseases related to job stress have increased. Infectious diseases increased in health care workers and afforestation workers. Occupational cancers are increasing because of their long latency, although the use of carcinogenic substances are reduced, limited, and even banned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Kyu Kang
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun A Kim
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Incheon, Korea
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Park J, Shin KS, Kim Y. Occupational reproductive function abnormalities and bladder cancer in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25:S41-5. [PMID: 21258590 PMCID: PMC3023360 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.s.s41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to review occupational reproductive abnormalities and occupational bladder cancer in Korea and to discuss their toxicological implications. Reproductive dysfunction as a result of 2-bromopropane poisoning was first reported in Korean workers. In 1995, 23 of the 33 workers (25 female and 8 male workers) who were exposed to 2-bromopropane during the assembly of tactile switch parts developed reproductive and/or hematopoietic disorders. A total of 17 (68%) workers were diagnosed with ovarian failure. Two of the eight male workers experienced azoospermia and four workers experienced some degree of oligospermia or reduced sperm motility. In summary, 2-bromopropane poisoning caused severe reproductive effects in Korean workers. The prognosis was poor for reproductive dysfunction. A few cases of occupational bladder cancer have been reported in Korea, whereas other cancers of the urinary tract have not been reported after occupational exposure. A few cases of benzidine-induced cancer have been reported in Korea and 592 workers in Japan have received compensation for benzidine and β-naphthylamine-induced cancer. In conclusion, a few cases of benzidine-induced occupational bladder cancer have been reported in Korea. However, benzidine-induced bladder cancer will likely be an important occupational health issue in Korea in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsun Park
- Occupational Health Department, Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency (KOSHA), Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyong-Sok Shin
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency (KOSHA), Incheon, Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
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Hazardous apoptotic effects of 2-bromopropane on maturation of mouse oocytes, fertilization, and fetal development. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:4361-80. [PMID: 21151443 PMCID: PMC3000087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11114361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Bromopropane (2-BP) is used as an alternative to ozone-depleting cleaning solvents. Previously, we reported that 2-BP has cytotoxic effects on mouse blastocysts and is associated with defects in subsequent development. Here, we further investigate the effects of 2-BP on oocyte maturation and subsequent pre- and post-implantation development, both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, 2-BP induced a significant reduction in the rates of oocyte maturation, fertilization, and in vitro embryonic development. Treatment of oocytes with 2-BP during in vitro maturation (IVM) resulted in increased resorption of postimplantation embryos and decreased fetal weights. Experiments with a mouse model disclosed that consumption of drinking water containing 20 μM 2-BP led to decreased oocyte maturation in vivo and fertilization in vitro, as well as impairment of early embryonic development. Interestingly, pretreatment with a caspase-3-specific inhibitor effectively prevented 2-BP-triggered hazardous effects, suggesting that embryonic impairment by 2-BP occurs via a caspase-dependent apoptotic process. A study using embryonic stem cells as the assay model conclusively demonstrated that 2-BP induces cell death processes through apoptosis and not necrosis, and inhibits early embryo development in mouse embryonic stem cells. These results collectively confirm the hazardous effects of 2-BP on embryos derived from pretreated oocytes.
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Xin QQ, Yong Huang, Jie Li, Zhang WJ, Tao Yu, Hua Wang, Cheng Zhang, Ye DQ, Fen Huang. Apoptosis contributes to testicular toxicity induced by two isomers of bromopropanes. Toxicol Ind Health 2010; 26:513-24. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233710373083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the different testicular toxicity and the role of apoptosis in the possible mechanism induced by the two isomers of bromopropanes (BPs) in the same dosage. Following the 14-day treatment with a single dose of 1-BP and 2-BP (1 g/kg), male rats were killed and a series of experiments were performed. 1-BP and 2-BP both significantly decreased the epididymal sperm count, while only 2-BP induced an increase in sperms with abnormal heads. Morphological evaluation showed that 1-BP did not cause morphological changes in seminiferous epithelium, but 2-BP treatment resulted in the disappearance of spermatogonia, atrophy of the seminiferous tubules and degeneration of germ cells. 2-BP significantly increased the TUNEL-positive cells and the activation of caspase-3 and decreased the genes and proteins expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and p53. In contrast, there were no significant changes in the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins in 1-BP group, though the TUNEL-positive cells were significantly increased. Taken together, this study indicated that those two isomers both have toxicity in male rats, however, the testicular toxicity and the role of apoptosis in the toxic mechanism induced by 1-BP and 2-BP may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Xin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, China
| | - Wan-Jun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road 81, Hefei, China,
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Chan WH. Cytotoxic effects of 2-bromopropane on embryonic development in mouse blastocysts. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:731-744. [PMID: 20386664 PMCID: PMC2852864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11020731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Bromopropane (2-BP), an alternative to ozone-depleting solvents, is used as a cleaning solvent. Here, we examined the cytotoxic effects of 2-bromopropane (2-BP) on mouse embryos at the blastocyst stage, subsequent embryonic attachment and outgrowth in vitro, and in vivo implantation via embryo transfer. Mouse blastocysts were incubated in medium with or without 2-BP (2.5, 5 or 10 μM) for 24 h. Cell proliferation and growth were investigated with dual differential staining, apoptosis was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) analysis, and implantation and post-implantation development of embryos were assessed using in vitro development analysis and in vivo embryo transfer, respectively. Blastocysts treated with 5 or 10 μM 2-BP displayed significantly increased apoptosis, and decreased inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cell number. Additionally, the implantation success rates of 2-BP-pretreated blastocysts were lower than those of untreated controls. In vitro treatment with 5 or 10 μM 2-BP was associated with increased resorption of postimplantation embryos, and decreased placental and fetal weights. Our results collectively indicate that in vitro exposure to 2-BP induces apoptosis, suppresses implantation rates after transfer to host mice, and retards early postimplantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsiung Chan
- Department of Bioscience Technology and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li 32023, Taiwan
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34
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Anderson SE, Munson AE, Butterworth LF, Germolec D, Morgan DL, Roycroft JA, Dill J, Meade BJ. Whole-body inhalation exposure to 1-bromopropane suppresses the IgM response to sheep red blood cells in female B6C3F1 mice and Fisher 344/N rats. Inhal Toxicol 2010; 22:125-32. [PMID: 20041805 PMCID: PMC2832118 DOI: 10.3109/08958370902953910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1-Bromopropane (1-BP) is categorized as a high-production-volume chemical and is currently used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other chemicals. Its usage is estimated to be around 5 million pounds per year, resulting in the potential for widespread exposure in the workplace. Case reports and animal studies have suggested exposure to this compound may cause adverse reproductive and neurological effects. Using a battery of immunological assays, the immunotoxicity of 1-BP after whole body inhalation exposure in both mice and rats was evaluated. Significant decreases in the spleen immunoglobulin (Ig) M response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were observed in both mice (125-500 ppm) and rats (1000 ppm) after exposure to 1-BP for 10 wk. In addition, total spleen cells and T cells were significantly decreased after approximately 4 wk of 1-BP exposure in both mice (125-500 ppm) and rats (1000 ppm). No change in natural killer (NK) cell activity was observed. The observed alterations in spleen cellularity, phenotypic subsets, and impairment of humoral immune function across species raise further concern about human exposure to 1-BP and demonstrate the need for additional investigations into potential adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey E Anderson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
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35
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Park J, Hisanaga N, Kim Y. Transfer of occupational health problems from a developed to a developing country: lessons from the Japan-South Korea experience. Am J Ind Med 2009; 52:625-32. [PMID: 19562727 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Many corporations move their manufacturing facilities or technologies from developed to developing countries. Stringent regulations have made it costly for industries to operate in developed, industrialized countries. In addition, labor costs are high in these countries, and there is increasing awareness among the general public of the health risks associated with industry. The relocation of hazardous industries to developing countries is driven by economic considerations: high unemployment, a cheaper labor force, lack of regulation, and poor enforcement of any existing regulations make certain countries attractive to business. The transfer of certain industries from Japan to Korea has also brought both documented occupational diseases and a new occupational disease caused by chemicals without established toxicities. Typical examples of documented occupational diseases are carbon disulfide poisoning in the rayon manufacturing industry, bladder cancer in the benzidine industry, and mesothelioma in the asbestos industry. A new occupational disease due to a chemical without established toxicities is 2-bromopropane poisoning. These examples suggest that counter-measures are needed to prevent the transfer of occupational health problems from a developed to a developing country. Corporate social responsibility should be emphasized, close inter-governmental collaboration is necessary and cooperation among non-governmental organizations is helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsun Park
- Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Incheon, South Korea
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36
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Cheever K, Marlow K, B’Hymer C, Hanley K, Lynch D. Development of an HPLC–MS procedure for the quantification of N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-l-cysteine, the major urinary metabolite of 1-bromopropane in human urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:827-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Yoshida Y, Nakano Y, Ueno S, Liu J, Fueta Y, Ishidao T, Kunugita N, Yanagihara N, Sugiura T, Hori H, Yamashita U. Effects of 1-bromopropane, a substitute for chlorofluorocarbons, on BDNF expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:433-8. [PMID: 19189864 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 12/31/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1-Bromopropane (1-BP) has been widely used as an alternative to ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons in various industries. Although the neurotoxicity of 1-BP has been recently reported, there is little information about the effect of 1-BP on the cells in brain by experimental approach. Here we studied the effect of 1-BP on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in astrocytes in vitro. The BDNF mRNA level was remarkably decreased by 1-BP in a human astrocytoma cell line, U251, and in mouse primary astrocytes. The DNA-binding and specific reporter activity of cAMP response element-binding transcription factor (CREB), which is one of the key molecules regulating BDNF expression, were reduced by 1-BP in U251 and/or mouse primary astrocytes. Additionally, protein kinase A (PKA) activity was suppressed by 1-BP in U251. These results suggest that BDNF expression was affected by 1-BP through at least PKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
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38
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Huang F, Ning H, Xin QQ, Huang Y, Wang H, Zhang ZH, Xu DX, Ichihara G, Ye DQ. Melatonin pretreatment attenuates 2-bromopropane-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Toxicology 2009; 256:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Shin IS, Lee JC, Kim KH, Ahn TH, Bae CS, Moon C, Kim SH, Shin DH, Kim JC. Effects of Exposure Period on the Developmental Toxicity of 2-Bromopropane in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Toxicol Res 2008; 24:263-271. [PMID: 32038804 PMCID: PMC7006275 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2008.24.4.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we reported that 2-bromopropane (2-BP) has maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity, and teratogenicity in Sprague-Dawley rats. The aims of this study are to examine the potential effects of 2-BP administration on pregnant dams and embryo-fetal development, and to investigate the effects of metabolic activation induced by phenobarbital (PB) on developmental toxicities of 2-BP. Pregnant rats received 1000 mg/kg/day subcutaneous 2-BP injections on gestational days (GD) 6 through 10 (Group II and Group IIII) or 11 through 15 (Group IV). Pregnant rats in Group III received an intraperitoneal PB injection once daily at 80 mg/kg/day on GD 3 through 5 for induction of the liver metabolic enzyme system. Control rats received vehicle injections only on GD 6 through 15. All dams underwent caesarean sections on GD 20 and their fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities. Significant adverse effects on pregnant dams and embryo-fetal development were observed in all the treatment groups, and the maternal and embryo-fetal effects of 2-BP observed in Group II were higher than those seen in Group IV. Conversely, maternal and embryo-fetal developmental toxicities observed in Group III were comparable to those seen in Group II. These results suggest that the potential effects of 2-BP on pregnant dams and embryo-fetal development are more likely in the first half of organogenesis (days 6~10 of pregnancy) than in the second half and that the metabolic activation induced by PB pre-treatment did not modify the developmental toxic effects of 2-BP in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sik Shin
- Animal Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757 Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Lee
- Animal Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757 Korea
| | - Kang-Hyeon Kim
- Animal Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757 Korea
| | - Tai-Hwan Ahn
- Animal Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757 Korea
| | - Chun-Sik Bae
- Animal Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757 Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Animal Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757 Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kim
- Animal Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757 Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Shin
- Animal Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757 Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- Animal Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757 Korea
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40
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Sahambi SK, Visser JA, Themmen AP, Mayer LP, Devine PJ. Correlation of serum anti-Müllerian hormone with accelerated follicle loss following 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide-induced follicle loss in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2008; 26:116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Suda M, Honma T, Miyagawa M, Wang RS. Alteration of brain levels of neurotransmitters and amino acids in male F344 rats induced by three-week repeated inhalation exposure to 1-bromopropane. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2008; 46:348-359. [PMID: 18716383 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.46.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of 1-bromopropane (1BP) on brain neuroactive substances of rats to determine the extent of its toxicity to the central nervous system (CNS). We measured the changes in neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, catecholamine, serotonin and amino acids) and their metabolites or precursors in eight brain regions after inhalation exposure to 1BP at 50 to 1,000 ppm for 8 h per day for 7 d per week for 3 wk. Rats were sacrificed at 2 h (Case 1), or at 19 h (Case 2) after the end of exposure. In Case 1, the level of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) was lowered in some brain regions by 1BP exposure. The decrease of 5HIAA in the frontal cortex was statistically significant at 50 ppm 1BP exposure. In Case 2, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and taurine were decreased in many brain regions of exposed rats, and a significant decrease of taurine in the midbrain occurred at 50 ppm 1BP exposure. In both cases of 2-h and 19-h intervals from the end of exposure to sacrifice, aspartate and glutamine levels were elevated in many brain regions, but the acetylcholine level did not change in any brain region. Three-week repeated exposure to 1BP produced significantly changes in amino acid contents of rat brains, particularly at 1,000 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Suda
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (JNIOSH),Kawasaki, Japan
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42
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Royère D. Indicateurs de reprotoxicité chez la femme et chez l’homme à court et à long terme. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2008.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Han EH, Hwang YP, Lee KJ, Jeong TC, Jeong HG. 1-Bromopropane induces macrophage activation via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Cancer Lett 2008; 262:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Hotchkiss AK, Rider CV, Blystone CR, Wilson VS, Hartig PC, Ankley GT, Foster PM, Gray CL, Gray LE. Fifteen years after "Wingspread"--environmental endocrine disrupters and human and wildlife health: where we are today and where we need to go. Toxicol Sci 2008; 105:235-59. [PMID: 18281716 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1991, a group of expert scientists at a Wingspread work session on endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) concluded that "Many compounds introduced into the environment by human activity are capable of disrupting the endocrine system of animals, including fish, wildlife, and humans. Endocrine disruption can be profound because of the crucial role hormones play in controlling development." Since that time, there have been numerous documented examples of adverse effects of EDCs in invertebrates, fish, wildlife, domestic animals, and humans. Hormonal systems can be disrupted by numerous different anthropogenic chemicals including antiandrogens, androgens, estrogens, AhR agonists, inhibitors of steroid hormone synthesis, antithyroid substances, and retinoid agonists. In addition, pathways and targets for endocrine disruption extend beyond the traditional estrogen/androgen/thyroid receptor-mediated reproductive and developmental systems. For example, scientists have expressed concern about the potential role of EDCs in increasing trends in early puberty in girls, obesity and type II diabetes in the United States and other populations. New concerns include complex endocrine alterations induced by mixtures of chemicals, an issue broadened due to the growing awareness that EDCs present in the environment include a variety of potent human and veterinary pharmaceutical products, personal care products, nutraceuticals and phytosterols. In this review we (1) address what have we learned about the effects of EDCs on fish, wildlife, and human health, (2) discuss representative animal studies on (anti)androgens, estrogens and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-like chemicals, and (3) evaluate regulatory proposals being considered for screening and testing these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Hotchkiss
- USEPA/NCSU Cooperative Training agreement (CT826512010), Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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45
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Banu S, Ichihara S, Huang F, Ito H, Inaguma Y, Furuhashi K, Fukunaga Y, Wang Q, Kitoh J, Ando H, Kikkawa F, Ichihara G. Reversibility of the Adverse Effects of 1-Bromopropane Exposure in Rats. Toxicol Sci 2007; 100:504-12. [PMID: 17890766 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous experiments indicated that 1-bromopropane (1-BP), an alternative to chloroflurocarbons, is neurotoxic and inhibits spermiation in the testis. Here we investigated the reversibility of the toxic effects of 1-BP in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into three equal groups of 24 each and exposed by inhalation to 0, 400 or 1000 ppm of 1-BP for 6 weeks (8 hrs/day, 7 days/week). Eight rats from each group were sacrificed at the end of 6 weeks exposure, and at 4 and 14 weeks after the end of exposure, to assess the recovery processes. We studied sperm count, motility, morphology and testicular histopathology, as well as blood pressure, skin temperature and hindlimb muscle strength. At the end of 6 weeks of exposure to 1000 ppm (0 week recovery), testicular weight, epididymal weight, sperm count and motility were low, morphologically abnormal sperm were increased and spermatogenic cells showed diffuse degeneration. These changes did not show full recovery at 14 weeks recovery, with the exception of the prostate and seminal vesicular weights, which recovered back to control values. At 400 ppm, increased retained spermatids at 0 week recovery returned to normal at 4 weeks recovery. Exposure to 1000 ppm produced sustained reduction of hindlimb muscle strength at 14 weeks recovery, whereas normalization of the skin temperature and blood pressure was noted after transient changes. Our study showed that the effect of 1-BP on spermatogenesis is dose-dependent; low exposure inhibited spermiation and hormone-dependent organ weight reduction and these changes were transient, while a higher dose of 1000 ppm 1-BP caused persistent depletion of spermatogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shameema Banu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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46
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Paek D, Park DY. The development and regulation of occupational exposure limits in Korea. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2006; 46:126-30. [PMID: 16564609 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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47
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Yoshida Y, Liu JQ, Nakano Y, Ueno S, Ohmori S, Fueta Y, Ishidao T, Kunugita N, Yamashita U, Hori H. 1-BP inhibits NF-kappaB activity and Bcl-xL expression in astrocytes in vitro and reduces Bcl-xL expression in the brains of rats in vivo. Neurotoxicology 2006; 28:381-6. [PMID: 16815550 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2005] [Revised: 04/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
1-Bromopropane (1-BP) has been widely used as a substitute for chlorofluorocarbon that destroys the ozone layer. Although the central neurotoxicity of 1-BP has been recently reported, a molecular mechanism is not clear. In particular, the effects on cells in brain have not been fully analyzed. Here, we studied the effects of 1-BP on the activation of transcription factors involved in anti-apoptotic function or cell survival in astrocytes. Astrocytoma cell lines, U251, U373 and VM, or murine primary astrocytes were used for in vitro assay. DNA binding activities of NF-kappaB in these cells induced by interleukin (IL)-1 or LPS were inhibited by 1-BP. Consequently, the treatment of U251 cells with 1-BP resulted in suppression of NF-kappaB reporter activity. Furthermore, 1-BP blocked IkappaBalpha degradation, which is important for NF-kappaB activation. In addition, the level of Bcl-xL mRNA, which is known as an anti-apoptotic gene, were reduced in U251 treated with 1-BP or in the brain from rat exposed to 1-BP (400 ppm, 12 weeks). These results suggest that subchronic inhalation exposure to 1-BP vapor may affect the Bcl-xL expression in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoshida
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.
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48
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Takeuchi Y, Ichihara G, Kamijima M. A Review on Toxicity of 2‐Bromopropane: Mainly on its Reproductive Toxicity. J Occup Health 2006. [DOI: 10.1539/joh.39.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaku Ichihara
- Department of HygieneNagoya University School of Medicine
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49
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Omura M, Yamazaki K, Tanaka A, Hirata M, Makita Y, Inoue N. Changes in the Testicular Damage Caused by Indium Arsenide and Indium Phosphide in Hamsters during Two Years after Intratracheal Instillations. J Occup Health 2006. [DOI: 10.1539/joh.42.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Omura
- Department of HygieneGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Koji Yamazaki
- Department of HygieneGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
- Department of General SurgeryGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Akiyo Tanaka
- Department of HygieneGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Miyuki Hirata
- Department of HygieneGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Yuji Makita
- Department of HygieneGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Naohide Inoue
- Department of HygieneGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
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50
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Kim H, Chung Y, Jeong J, Lee Y, Sur G, Kang J. Acute and Repeated Inhalation Toxicity of 1‐Bromopropane in SD Rats. J Occup Health 2006. [DOI: 10.1539/joh.41.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon‐Yeong Kim
- Industrial Chemicals Research CenterIndustrial Safety and Health Research Institute KISCOTaejon
| | - Yong‐Hyun Chung
- Industrial Chemicals Research CenterIndustrial Safety and Health Research Institute KISCOTaejon
| | - Jae‐Hwang Jeong
- Industrial Chemicals Research CenterIndustrial Safety and Health Research Institute KISCOTaejon
| | - Yong‐Muk Lee
- Industrial Chemicals Research CenterIndustrial Safety and Health Research Institute KISCOTaejon
| | - Gil‐Soo Sur
- Department of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam UniversityTaegu
| | - Jong‐Koo Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National UniversityCheongjuKorea
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