1
|
Mather AJ, Chanoit G, Meakin L, Friend E. Anatomical considerations for the surgical approach to the canine accessory lung lobe. Vet Surg 2023; 52:1064-1073. [PMID: 37550900 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe (1) the surgical anatomy of the accessory lung lobe (ALL) including vasculature and pulmonary ligamentous attachments and (2) lobectomy through a right thoracotomy and median sternotomy. STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric anatomical study. ANIMALS Nine adult canine cadavers, free of disease affecting the thoracic cavity and lung parenchyma. METHODS Median sternotomy and right and left lateral thoracotomies were performed to describe and image relevant variations in anatomy using accompanying photographs and thorough voice notes. Consideration for ALL removal via right thoracotomy at the fifth through seventh intercostal spaces and median sternotomy were documented and compared. RESULTS The median weight of the cadavers was 20.85 kg (6.9-45.5 kg). Variation in the configuration of venous drainage of the ALL was identified. The lateral vein varied in its location and was also observed to combine with the medial vein in one cadaver. The pulmonary ligament attached to the ALL in a caudally pointing apex on the dorsal process of the lobe. Medial and lateral extensions of the ALL parenchyma were found. The ALL was most easily accessed by a right lateral thoracotomy at the sixth intercostal space. Although not optimal, removal of this lung lobe via median sternotomy was feasible. CONCLUSION Significant variations were found in the blood supply to the ALL. A right lateral thoracotomy at the sixth intercostal space was preferred for a surgical approach to the ALL. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Surgeons should be aware of several anatomical particularities including the venous drainage, ligamentous attachments, and parenchymal extensions of the ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lee Meakin
- Langford Vets Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ed Friend
- Langford Vets Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park KM, Grimes JA, Wallace ML, Sterman AA, Thieman Mankin KM, Campbell BG, Flannery EE, Milovancev M, Mathews KG, Schmiedt CW. Lung lobe torsion in dogs: 52 cases (2005-2017). Vet Surg 2018; 47:1002-1008. [PMID: 30303548 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report outcomes and risk factors for mortality in dogs that underwent surgical management of lung lobe torsion. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series from 5 veterinary teaching hospitals (2005-2017). ANIMALS Fifty dogs with 52 instances of lung lobe torsion. METHODS Data collected from medical records included signalment, clinical findings, results of clinicopathologic testing and diagnostic imaging, surgical treatment, lung lobe affected, intraoperative and postoperative complications, histopathologic and microbiologic findings, and outcome. Follow-up was obtained from medical records and telephone contact with primary care veterinarians. RESULTS Fifty-two instances of lung lobe torsion were identified in 50 dogs, with a median follow-up of 453 days (range, 0-3075). Forty-six (92%) dogs survived to discharge. Dogs with concurrent torsion of the right cranial and middle lung lobes were less likely to survive (2/4) than those with torsion of the left cranial lung lobe (22/22). No other risk factors for mortality prior to hospital discharge were identified. Overall median survival time after hospital discharge was 1369 days. Four dogs had >1 episode of lung lobe torsion. CONCLUSION The percentage of dogs surviving to discharge after surgical treatment of lung lobe torsion was higher than previously reported. The short- and long-term prognosis was excellent with surgical treatment of lung lobe torsion. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Surgery should be recommended when lung lobe torsion is suspected because of the high survival to discharge rate and excellent long-term prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Park
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Janet A Grimes
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Mandy L Wallace
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Allyson A Sterman
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Kelley M Thieman Mankin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Bonnie G Campbell
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Erin E Flannery
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Milan Milovancev
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Kyle G Mathews
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Chad W Schmiedt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Latimer CR, Lux CN, Sutton JS, Culp WTN. Lung lobe torsion in seven juvenile dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 251:1450-1456. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.12.1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
4
|
Barbur L, Millard HT, Baker S, Klocke E. Spontaneous Resolution of Postoperative Chylothorax Following Surgery for Persistent Right Aortic Arch in Two Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2014; 50:209-15. [PMID: 24659722 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two young dogs underwent surgical management of a persistent right aortic arch (PRAA) and developed chylothorax postoperatively. In both cases, the surgical procedure and anesthetic recovery were uncomplicated and routine. Following surgery, both patients appeared bright, alert, responsive, and previous signs of regurgitation had resolved. Dyspnea and tachypnea developed 1–2 days postoperatively in each patient, and chylous effusion was detected on thoracocentesis. For each case, a diagnosis of chylothorax was based on cytology and triglyceride concentrations of the aspirated pleural fluid. Similar protocols for monitoring were used in the treatment of each patient’s chylothorax. The duration and volume of chylous effusion production were closely monitored via routine thoracostomy tube aspiration. Both dogs rapidly progressed to recovery with no additional complications. With diligent monitoring, chylothorax secondary to surgical trauma can resolve in a rapid, uncomplicated manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barbur
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS (L.B., E.K.); Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, West Lafayette, IN (H.M.); and Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Animal Emergency & Treatment Center, Grayslake, IL (S.B.)
| | - Heather Towle Millard
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS (L.B., E.K.); Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, West Lafayette, IN (H.M.); and Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Animal Emergency & Treatment Center, Grayslake, IL (S.B.)
| | - Steve Baker
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS (L.B., E.K.); Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, West Lafayette, IN (H.M.); and Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Animal Emergency & Treatment Center, Grayslake, IL (S.B.)
| | - Emily Klocke
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS (L.B., E.K.); Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, West Lafayette, IN (H.M.); and Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Animal Emergency & Treatment Center, Grayslake, IL (S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hambrook LE, Kudnig ST. Lung lobe torsion in association with a chronic diaphragmatic hernia and haemorrhagic pleural effusion in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 2012; 14:219-23. [DOI: 10.1177/1098612x12439270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Clinical summary This report describes torsion of the right cranial lung lobe in a cat with haemorrhagic pleural effusion and a chronic diaphragmatic hernia. Surgical treatment comprising lung lobectomy without de-rotation, and repair of the diaphragmatic defect, led to an uneventful recovery. Practical relevance Lung lobe torsion is a rare condition in cats. While spontaneous lung lobe torsions may occur, a frequent association with underlying thoracic disease has been recognised in cats. However, neither haemorrhagic pleural effusion nor diaphragmatic hernia have been previously described in cats with lung lobe torsions, although they have been documented in dogs and humans. In a cat with suspected lung lobe torsion, a thorough search for an underlying disease should be undertaken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia E Hambrook
- Melbourne Veterinary Specialist Centre, Glen Waverley, Victoria 3150, Australia
| | - Simon T Kudnig
- Melbourne Veterinary Specialist Centre, Glen Waverley, Victoria 3150, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McAnulty JF. Prospective Comparison of Cisterna Chyli Ablation to Pericardectomy for Treatment of Spontaneously Occurring Idiopathic Chylothorax in the Dog. Vet Surg 2011; 40:926-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2011.00902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Staiger BA, Stanley BJ, McAnulty JF. Single Paracostal Approach to Thoracic Duct and Cisterna Chyli: Experimental Study and Case Series. Vet Surg 2011; 40:786-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2011.00878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Staiger
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; Michigan State University; East Lansing; MI
| | - Bryden J. Stanley
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; Michigan State University; East Lansing; MI
| | - Jonathan F. McAnulty
- Department of Surgical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin; Madison; WI
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
da Silva CA, Monnet E. Long-term outcome of dogs treated surgically for idiopathic chylothorax: 11 cases (1995–2009). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011; 239:107-13. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.239.1.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
9
|
Schultz RM, Peters J, Zwingenberger A. Radiography, computed tomography and virtual bronchoscopy in four dogs and two cats with lung lobe torsion. J Small Anim Pract 2009; 50:360-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
10
|
Diana A, Guglielmini C, Acocella F, Valerio F, Cipone M. Chylothorax associated with tricuspid dysplasia and atrial septal defect in a bullmastiff. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2009; 45:78-83. [PMID: 19258419 DOI: 10.5326/0450078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Transudate pleural effusion associated with tricuspid dysplasia and ostium secundum-type atrial septal defect was diagnosed in a 14-month-old bullmastiff. Following administration of furosemide and an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, the dog remained free of pleural effusion for 10 months, until he showed severe dyspnea due to chylothorax. Medical therapy was unsuccessful to avoid recurrence of life-threatening pleural chylous effusion. Ligation of the thoracic duct and apposition of an omental pedicle flap were effective in the resolution of pleural chylous leakage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Diana
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
SEILER GABRIELA, SCHWARZ TOBIAS, VIGNOLI MASSIMO, RODRIGUEZ DANIEL. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF LUNG LOBE TORSION. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2008; 49:504-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2008.00435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
12
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is a predis-position for lung lobe torsion (LLT) in Pugs and describe clinical findings associated with LLT in that breed, compared with findings in other breeds. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 7 Pugs and 16 dogs of other breeds. PROCEDURE Information collected from records included signalment, history, lung lobe affected, results of clinicopathologic testing, histologic findings, diagnostic imaging results, surgical treatment, and outcome. RESULTS 23 dogs were diagnosed with LLT, 10 of which were large-breed dogs and 13 of which were small-breed dogs. Seven of the small-breed dogs were Pugs. Pugs with LLT were significantly overrepresented, compared with the general hospital population. Affected Pugs ranged in age from 4.5 months to 4 years (median, 1.5 years). Six of the 7 Pugs had no predisposing conditions, and 6 were male. Six Pugs survived to discharge. Of the other small- and large-breed dogs, 3 of 6 and 5 of 10 survived to discharge, respectively. None of the Pugs were readmitted for complications or recurrence. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that young male Pugs may be predisposed to developing spontaneous LLT. The prognosis for survival and resolution of clinical signs in Pugs with LLT appeared to be excellent. Factors contributing to the development of LLT in Pugs are not known.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Murphy
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Clinical data, thoracic radiographs, ultrasonographic exams, and histopathologic reports in 13 dogs and two cats with confirmed lung lobe torsion were reviewed. Age of dogs ranged from 4 months to 11.5 years, (mean of 6.4 years) and several breeds of large and small dogs were represented. Right middle lobe torsion was predominant in large dogs (five of eight large breed dogs) and left cranial lobe torsion was more commonly seen in small dogs (three of five small-breed dogs). Two domestic short-hair cats, 10 and 14 years of age, had right cranial and right middle lobe torsion, respectively. Underlying thoracic disease was found in only five of 15 patients. On thoracic radiographs, increased lobar opacity and pleural effusion were found in all patients (100%). Small dispersed air bubbles were found within the affected lobe of 13 patients (87%). This pattern, which was the result of vesicular emphysema, was variably extensive, and became more evident on follow-up radiographs in five of six dogs. The lobar bronchi could be seen in only eight of 15 patients (54%), and appeared irregular, focally narrowed or blunted in six of the eight patients, and displaced in five of the eight. Other common radiographic findings included mediastinal shift (nine), curved and dorsally displaced trachea (seven), and axial rotation of the carina (seven). Ultrasonography was used in seven patients and considered generally useful, although variable signs were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André d'Anjou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S 2M2.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sicard GK, Waller KR, McAnulty JF. The Effect of Cisterna Chyli Ablation Combined with Thoracic Duct Ligation on Abdominal Lymphatic Drainage. Vet Surg 2005; 34:64-70. [PMID: 15720599 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2005.00012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of cisterna chyli ablation (CCA) and thoracic duct ligation (TDL) on abdominal lymphatic drainage in normal dogs. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. ANIMALS Nine female beagle dogs. METHODS TDL was performed in 3 dogs and was combined with CCA (CCA-TDL) and local omentalization in 6 dogs. Contrast lymphangiography was attempted in all dogs immediately before and after TDL. Dogs were reanesthetized at 31-37 days for lymphatic studies by new methylene blue (NMB) injection into a mesenteric lymph node and by contrast lymphangiography. RESULTS In 6 CCA-TDL dogs, 2 had direct shunting of contrast from the lymphatic system into major abdominal veins, 3 had contrast material that dissipated into abdominal vessels within the mesenteric root, and 1 had shunting into the azygous vein. NMB was not observed within the omental pedicle after CCA-TDL. Chylous drainage was by the azygous vein in all 3 TDL dogs. CONCLUSIONS CCA-TDL disrupted chylous drainage to the thoracic duct and resulted in direct intraabdominal lymphaticovenous anastomoses identified by shunting of lymphatic flow directly into the abdominal vasculature in 5 of 6 CCA-TDL dogs. Omentalization of the cisternal ablation site was not beneficial in augmenting extrathoracic lymphatic drainage and is not recommended with CCA-TDL. CLINICAL RELEVANCE CCA-TDL represents a novel approach to surgical redirection of chylous drainage to the venous circulation outside of the thorax and may be useful in the treatment of spontaneous chylothorax in the dog.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen K Sicard
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hofeling AD, Jackson AH, Alsup JC, O'Keefe D. Spontaneous Midlobar Lung Lobe Torsion in a 2-Year-Old Newfoundland. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2004; 40:220-3. [PMID: 15131103 DOI: 10.5326/0400220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 2-year-old, intact male Newfoundland was presented for evaluation of a 1- to 2-day history of coughing, retching, and progressive lethargy. Thoracic radiographs demonstrated right-sided pleural effusion and lobar vesicular emphysema. An exploratory thoracotomy revealed midlobar torsion of the right caudal lung lobe. A partial lung lobectomy was performed, and following surgery, the dog recovered without complications. Lung lobe torsions in dogs typically occur at the hilus of the affected lung lobe. This report documents that midlobar lung lobe torsions occur in dogs and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of lobar vesicular emphysema and pleural effusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Hofeling
- Michigan Veterinary Specialists, Southfield, Michigan 48076-3709, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Watine S, Hamaide A, Peeters D, Saunders J, Heimann M, Day MJ, Clercx C. Resolution of chylothorax after resection of rib chondroma in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 2003; 44:546-9. [PMID: 14692553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2003.tb00119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A six-year-old, male dobermann was presented with a history of dyspnoea and bouts of coughing. Radiography and computed tomography of the thorax showed pleural effusion and a well-circumscribed, calcified mass of 10 cm in diameter, appearing to originate from the left first rib. Thoracocentesis revealed that the pleural fluid was chylous in nature. An incisional biopsy was performed, which gave a histological diagnosis of chondroma. Resolution of the chylothorax after en-bloc surgical removal of the tumour suggested that the rib tumour was the initiating cause of the chylothorax. Seventeen months later, rib neoplasia recurred without pleural effusion, and was removed successfully. To the authors' knowledge, rib chondroma, which is an unusual tumour in dogs, has not been previously documented as a cause of chylothorax.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Watine
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 20 boulevard de Colonster B44, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lora-Michiels M, Biller DS, Olsen D, Hoskinson JJ, Kraft SL, Jones JC. The accessory lung lobe in thoracic disease: a case series and anatomical review. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2003; 39:452-8. [PMID: 14518652 DOI: 10.5326/0390452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Diseases of the accessory lung lobe (AccLL) are often overlooked in dogs and cats, perhaps because of its recessed location. Diseases of this lobe also can mimic diseases of the diaphragm or structures comprising the caudal mediastinum. Normal anatomy of the AccLL and the diagnostic tools used today will be reviewed to help differentiate disease of adjacent organs. Four cases will also be described to illustrate disease presentation and radiographic findings affecting this lobe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Lora-Michiels
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Spranklin DB, Gulikers KP, Lanz OI. Recurrence of Spontaneous Lung Lobe Torsion in a Pug. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2003; 39:446-51. [PMID: 14518651 DOI: 10.5326/0390446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung lobe torsion (LLT) results from a displacement and twisting of a lung lobe around its bronchovascular pedicle. This relatively rare disorder affects dogs, cats, and humans. Etiologies include primary (i.e., spontaneous) and secondary torsion due to thoracic trauma, pleural space disease, thoracic surgery, pulmonary parenchyma disease, and diaphragmatic hernia repair. Although both spontaneous and secondary torsion have been described in small-breed dogs, a spontaneous LLT followed by recurrence of a spontaneous LLT >2 years later has not been documented. This article describes the presentation, diagnosis, management, and outcome of a pug with recurrent spontaneous LLT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David B Spranklin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (0443), Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Enwiller TM, Radlinsky MG, Mason DE, Roush JK. Popliteal and mesenteric lymph node injection with methylene blue for coloration of the thoracic duct in dogs. Vet Surg 2003; 32:359-64. [PMID: 12865998 DOI: 10.1053/jvet.2003.50044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and compare the time of onset and intensity of thoracic duct coloration after injection of methylene blue into a mesenteric or popliteal lymph node. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. ANIMALS Twenty adult dogs. METHODS A right tenth intercostal thoracotomy, a right paracostal laparotomy, and an approach to the right popliteal lymph node were performed on each dog. Methylene blue (0.5 mg/kg of a 1% solution, maximum 10 mg) was injected into either a mesenteric (group M, 10 dogs) or popliteal (group P, 10 dogs) lymph node. Thoracic duct color was graded (0 to 3) every 5 minutes for 60 minutes. Statistical analysis was performed on mean thoracic duct color grade data, on number of successful outcomes between groups M and P, and between weight groups. RESULTS Coloration of the thoracic duct occurred in all group M dogs and 6 group P dogs. Coloration was first recorded 0 to 10 minutes after injection in all dogs and persisted for 60 minutes in 15 dogs. Mean thoracic duct color grade was significantly increased postinjection compared with preinjection at all times in group M. More successful outcomes occurred in group M (P =.03). CONCLUSIONS Methylene blue injected into mesenteric or popliteal lymph nodes was successful in coloring the thoracic duct, but both mean grade and number of successful outcomes were significantly higher after mesenteric injection. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Thoracic duct coloration after lymph node injection occurred within 10 minutes and persisted for 60 minutes. This information is useful in planning thoracic duct ligation in cases of chylothorax when observation of the duct is desired. Injection of both lymph node sites was successful, but mesenteric node injection was a more reliable technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Enwiller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
White RN, Corzo-Menendez N. Concurrent torsion of the right cranial and right middle lung lobes in a whippet. J Small Anim Pract 2000; 41:562-5. [PMID: 11138856 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2000.tb03154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A four-year-old, entire male whippet was presented with a three-day history of lethargy, inappetence, occasional retching, a soft cough and intermittent episodes of haemoptysis. Clinical and laboratory findings, and thoracic radiographic and ultrasonographic studies suggested a diagnosis of lung lobe torsion. A concurrent lung lobe torsion of the right cranial and right middle lung lobes was confirmed at exploratory thoracotomy. Management included resection of both the affected lung lobes. No obvious underlying aetiology for the condition was apparent. The dog made a full recovery from the procedure and at the time of writing (11 months postoperatively) was reported to be well, exercising normally and showing no breathing abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R N White
- Davies White Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Hitchin, Hertfordshire
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify breed disposition, postoperative complications, and outcome in dogs with lung lobe torsion. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 22 client-owned dogs. PROCEDURE Information on signalment; history; clinical findings; results of clinicopathologic testing, diagnostic imaging, and pleural fluid analysis; surgical treatment; intra- and postoperative complications; histologic findings; and outcome were obtained from medical records. RESULTS All 22 dogs had pleural effusion; dyspnea was the most common reason for examination. Fifteen dogs were large deep-chested breeds; 5 were toy breeds. Afghan Hounds were overrepresented, compared with the hospital population. One dog was euthanatized without treatment; the remaining dogs underwent exploratory thoracotomy and lung lobectomy. Eleven dogs recovered from surgery without complications, but 3 of these later died of thoracic disease. Four dogs survived to discharge but had clinically important complications within 2 months, including chylothorax, mediastinal mesothelioma, gastric dilatation, and a second lung lobe torsion. Six dogs died or were euthanatized within 2 weeks after surgery because of acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, septic shock, pneumothorax, or chylothorax. Chylothorax was diagnosed in 8 of the 22 dogs, including 4 Afghan Hounds. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that lung lobe torsion is rare in dogs and develops most frequently in large deep-chested dogs, particularly Afghan Hounds. Other predisposing causes were not identified, but an association with chylothorax was evident, especially in Afghan Hounds. Prognosis for dogs with lung lobe torsion was fair to guarded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Neath
- Section of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6010, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|