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Conley AJ, Gonzales KL, Erb HN, Christensen BW. Progesterone Analysis in Canine Breeding Management. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023:S0195-5616(23)00080-3. [PMID: 37385875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone is a worthwhile addition to the clinical assessment of cycle stage for breeding, elective cesarian delivery, and reproductive management in the bitch if reliably measured. Clinical decisions based on systemic progesterone concentrations also require the rapid return of results. Most commercially accessible analyses capable of returning results within a day still rely primarily on immunoassays of one kind or another. Point-of-care instruments utilizing similar technology have been developed more recently to enable results to be generated in-house. Repeated monitoring of progesterone on whatever platform can be useful if consistent collection and analysis protocols ensure acceptable precision, accuracy, and repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Conley
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Kris L Gonzales
- Guide Dogs for the Blind, California Campus, PO Box 151200, San Rafael, CA 94915, USA
| | - Hollis N Erb
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Elaidy SM, Tawfik MM, Ameen AM, Hassan WA, El Sherif I, Amin MK, Elkholy SE. Metformin alleviates the dysregulated testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis induced by carbimazole in levothyroxine-primed rats. Life Sci 2022; 307:120904. [PMID: 36029850 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Most of the published experiments about carbimazole (CMZ)-induced testicular injury are constructed in normal healthy animals, which lakes the translational identification. Despite metformin (MET) having advantageous effects on injured testicles, its impact on thyroid function is arguable. In the current levothyroxine (LT4)/CMZ model, Wistar rats were primed by LT4 for sixty days. CMZ was then given individually or simultaneously with different doses of MET, 100, 200, and 400 mg, daily for thirty days. Serum was assessed for thyroid profile panel, sex hormones, and gonadotropin levels. Testicular tissues were examined for steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, inflammation, and apoptosis. Histopathology of thyroid and testes were examined, besides thyroidal nuclear factor (NF)-kB expression. MET in a dose-response manner improved the LT4/CMZ-induced testicular toxicity by increasing the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), and 17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17βHSD) activities, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), sperm count and motility, sex hormones, and gonadotropin levels. MET-400 mg markedly decreased the elevated NF-kB expressions, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, caspase-3, and BAX, and increased BCL-2. LT4/CMZ could be used as translational animal modelling. MET displayed a dose-dependent ameliorative effect on the LT4/CMZ model without significant harmful effects on thyroid functions. MET-testicular protective roles in diabetics with thyroidal diseases should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah M Elaidy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Tawfik
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Angie M Ameen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Wael Abdou Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Suliman Al Rajhi University, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman El Sherif
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mona Karem Amin
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Shereen E Elkholy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Portsaid University, Portsaid, Egypt
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Tsuchida M, Komura N, Yoshihara T, Kawasaki Y, Sakurai D, Suzuki H. Ultrasonographic observation in combination with progesterone monitoring for detection of ovulation in Labrador Retrievers. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 57:149-156. [PMID: 34724259 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well known that the ovulation occurs during a period of time after LH surge in dogs, there are few reports of observing the entire process of development, ovulation and luteinization of each follicle. This study aimed to detect the ovulation kinetics by ultrasonography in combination with progesterone monitoring and therefore identify the time-range of the ovulation process in a dog. Daily transabdominal ultrasonography and progesterone monitoring were conducted for 24 natural oestrus cycles of Labrador Retrievers. Ovarian follicles were observed as anechoic structure with contours before ovulation. Ovulation (follicular collapse) was defined as when follicles became cloudy and contours obscure by transabdominal ultrasonography. Ultrasound imaging was capable of identifying the day of ovulation for 94.7% (178/188) of the follicles through the appearance of collapsed follicle or corpus luteum. Ovulation was observed between LH 0 (the day of LH surge) and LH 5, with 48.0%, 33.5% and 15.0% for LH 2, LH 3 and LH 1, respectively. The total number of ovulations on LH 2 and LH 3 accounted for 81.5% (141/173) of the total ovulation in 24 cycles examined. Ovulation occurred in 12 cycles for 2 d and for 3 d in 12 cycles. Seventeen cycles (70.8%) with multiple days of ovulation showed the largest number of ovulations on LH 2. The average follicle diameter 3 d before the LH surge was less than 5 mm, then exceeded 5 mm 2 d before the LH surge. The average follicle diameter at the time of ovulation (follicular collapse) was 6.1 ± 1.0 mm (n = 118). On the day before ovulation, the average diameters of the follicles ovulated on LH 1, LH 2 and LH 3 were 5.0 ± 0.7 mm, 5.8 ± 1.2 mm and 6.2 ± 1.3 mm, respectively. There was a significant difference in the follicle diameter between LH1 and LH2 (p < .001), LH2 and LH3 (p < .05), and LH1 and LH3 (p < .001). Suggesting that it is difficult to estimate the ovulation day based on follicle size. This study showed that combination of ultrasonography with progesterone monitoring could follow follicular development, ovulation and luteinization of the ovary in Labrador Retrievers. The direct visualization of the ovulation was achieved in a non-invasive, labour-friendly way. Furthermore, the time-range of the ovulation process was clarified in a dog. These results may contribute to an accurate understanding of the optimum timing of mating and improved breeding efficiency, including artificial insemination and embryo transfer for Labrador Retrievers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Tsuchida
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Nako Komura
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshihara
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Yuta Kawasaki
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Daichi Sakurai
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
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Nöthling JO, De Cramer KGM. Comparison of progesterone assay by chemiluminescence or radioimmunoassay for clinical decision-making in canine reproduction. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2019; 90:e1-e6. [PMID: 31714111 PMCID: PMC6852326 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v90i0.1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coat-A-Count® radioimmunoassay has been long and widely used to determine the concentration of progesterone in serum or plasma of bitches (progRIA), but was discontinued in 2014. The Immulite® 1000 LKPG1 chemiluminescence immunoassay has gained prominence since 2003 to determine the concentration of progesterone in serum of bitches, but the assay changed in 2012 (Immulite® 1000 LKPW1). This study assessed the feasibility of using Immulite® 1000 LKPW1 (progImm) to estimate the time of clinically relevant events during oestrus and compared progRIA and progImm 2 and 3 days after the first or only day of the luteinizing hormone surge (LH1). ProgImm first exceeded 5.1 nmol/L on the same day that progRIA first exceeded 6 nmol/L, a proxy for the occurrence of the LH surge, or the day before in 28 of 31 (90%) of oestrous periods. ProgImm first exceeded 13.6 nmol/L on the same day that progRIA first exceeded 16 nmol/L (a proxy for the day of ovulation) or the day before in 34 of 35 (97%) oestrous periods. ProgImm first exceeded 5.4 nmol/L on LH1 or the day before in 24 of 25 (95%) of oestrous periods. The median of progImm 2 days after LH1 was 1.2 nmol/L lower than the 10.7 nmol/L of progRIA (p = 0.001). The mean of progImm 3 days after LH1 was 2.2 nmol/L lower than the 19.0 nmol/L of progRIA (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the days on which progImm first exceeded 5.1 nmol/L, 13.6 nmol/L and 5.4 nmol/L effectively estimate the days on which progRIA reached 6 nmol/L or 16 nmol/L or LH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan O Nöthling
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Section of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort.
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Hollinshead F, Hanlon D. Normal progesterone profiles during estrus in the bitch: A prospective analysis of 1420 estrous cycles. Theriogenology 2018; 125:37-42. [PMID: 30388469 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate timing of insemination in the bitch, through monitoring of serial serum progesterone concentrations, has historically been based on the detection of important physiological reproductive events which include the LH surge and ovulation 2-3 days later. Previous hormone profile studies during the estrus period in the bitch, in which determination of these physiological reproductive events has been defined, have been based on low numbers of bitches of similar breeds and body weights. Therefore, the aim of this large-scale prospective study was to define the normal serum progesterone profile during the estrus period in a large number of bitches of various breeds and body weights. In addition, we investigated if the rate of change in progesterone concentrations during the fertile period affected the reproductive performance of bitches after insemination with either fresh or frozen-thawed semen. A total of 1300 individual bitches, representing 84 different breeds, contributed 1420 estrous cycles and 4213 serum progesterone values over the 11-year (2007-2017) study period. The mean (±SD) progesterone concentration at estimated LH0 was 2.7 ± 0.6 ng/ml and at the time of estimated ovulation it was 4.8 ± 0.9 ng/ml and 7.2 ± 1.3 ng/ml (LH+2 and LH+3 respectively). There was no difference in the shape of progesterone profiles for bitches of different body weights. Furthermore, mean progesterone concentrations on each day between LH-6 and LH+7 were not different amongst bitches of different breeds and body weights and there was no effect of mean progesterone concentrations on any day on whelping rate or litter size. However, there was a significant effect of the rate of change in progesterone concentrations on litter size when frozen semen was used. The litter sizes of bitches inseminated with frozen semen with slow progesterone curves were significantly smaller compared to bitches with fast progesterone curves (3.9 ± 1.8 vs 5.6 ± 3.1 pups per litter respectively; P < 0.001). There was no effect of bitch age on the normal progesterone curve, or its rate of change. This is the first report of the normal progesterone profile during estrus in the bitch derived from a large number of serial progesterone measurements obtained from bitches of various breeds and body weights. Importantly, the predictability and reliability of this progesterone profile regardless of breed or body weight gives clinicians the confidence to accurately determine the optimal time for insemination, which is critical to reproductive success, especially when frozen semen is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fk Hollinshead
- GlenBred, Matamata Veterinary Services, 26 Tainui St, Matamata, 3400, New Zealand.
| | - Dw Hanlon
- GlenBred, Matamata Veterinary Services, 26 Tainui St, Matamata, 3400, New Zealand
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Effectiveness of determining the parturition date in bitches using the ultrasonographic fetometry as compared to hormonal and cytological methods. Pol J Vet Sci 2012; 15:447-53. [DOI: 10.2478/v10181-012-0069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Suwa Y, Abe Y, Lee DS, Ueta YY, Suzuki H. Individual fertility differences in the frozen-thawed spermatozoa among semen donors in the Labrador Retriever. Reprod Med Biol 2009; 8:125-129. [PMID: 29662421 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-009-0019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to validate and determine the possible application of transcervical insemination of frozen semen for improved breeding in guide dogs for the blind in Japan. Methods From February 2004 to March 2007, a total of 53 Labrador Retriever bitches, used for the breeding of guide dogs for the blind, were transcervically inseminated with frozen-thawed semen from 13 males by means of a cystoscope. Results The overall whelping and pregnancy rate with the frozen semen was 42%. Pregnancy rates ranged widely from 0 to 100% depending on the semen donor male. Of 13 males, 6 males exhibited severely poor fertility (less than 20% pregnancy rate) and 3 males exhibited high fertility (over 70% pregnancy rate) on artificial insemination. However, the spermatozoa motility after thawing was not significantly different among these dogs. In addition, heterospermic insemination revealed the optimal timing for transcervical insemination with frozen-thawed semen to be by day 6 after the LH surge. Conclusions Although transcervical insemination of frozen-thawed semen is effective for breeding of guide dogs for the blind, some modification of freeze-thawing procedures might be required to overcome individual fertility differences in the frozen-thawed spermatozoa among semen donor dogs,. In addition, the motility of spermatozoa after thawing might not be an appropriate indicator of the relative fertility of frozen-thawed spermatozoa in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Suwa
- Hokkaido Guide Dogs for the Blind Association S30 W8, Minami-ku 005-0030 Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Abe
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Inada-cho 080-8555 Obihiro Hokkaido Japan
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Inada-cho 080-8555 Obihiro Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yoshiko Yanagimoto Ueta
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Inada-cho 080-8555 Obihiro Hokkaido Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Inada-cho 080-8555 Obihiro Hokkaido Japan
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Abstract
In bitches, the length of gestation is highly variable when measured from the day of mating, thus prediction of parturition may be greatly inaccurate when determined from this point. The ability to precisely predict the duration of pregnancy is of practical importance for managing parturition or planning caesarean section and this review analyses the methods that can be used to accurately forecast the day of parturition. At the time of breeding, determination of the luteinizing hormone surge and the initial rise in progesterone provide reliable information on gestational length of the bitch, but when pregnancy is ascertained, ultrasonography is the most useful tool to predict the delivery day. In fact, by ultrasonographic measurements of the extra-foetal and foetal structures an accurate prediction can be made both in early and late pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Luvoni
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences--Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Fáy J, Mezö T, Solti L, Wölfling A, Abonyi-Tóth Z. Comparison of different methods used for oestrus examination in the bitch. Acta Vet Hung 2003; 51:385-94. [PMID: 14516165 DOI: 10.1556/avet.51.2003.3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of oestrus symptoms of the bitch (vulvar swelling, vaginal fluid, attraction of the male, teasing) and that of the most frequently used examination methods (vaginal smear, vaginoscopy, serum progesterone determination) which indicate the stage of the cycle and allow to predict the optimal day of mating (ODM). The determination of the cycle stage was based upon the number of days left from the day of examination to the day of parturition (DTP). Our results indicate that none of the above-mentioned symptoms and examination methods is reliable alone for the determination of DTP, and even the complex picture obtained from the integrated results of different methods will not enable an exact estimation. ODM can be predicted with a higher reliability, and 1-2 days before it, it can be detected very safely. Since most bitches are presented for timing to practitioners, a scheme was created based upon a scoring system, which gives a point value to each individual symptom and examination result, and judges the bitch according to the total amount of points.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fáy
- Dömötör Dog Fertility Clinic, H-6000 Kecskemét, Báthori u. 5/a, Hungary.
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Tsumagari S, Ichikawa Y, Toriumi H, Ishihama K, Morita M, Kanamaki M, Takeishi M. Optimal Timing for Canine Artificial Insemination with Frozen Semen and Parentage Testing by Microsatellite Markers in Superfecundency. J Vet Med Sci 2003; 65:1003-5. [PMID: 14532694 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.65.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parentage testing was performed in sixteen litters by canine artificial inseminations with frozen semen from different sires on Days 5 and 7 after the LH surge. It became apparent that only 25% of dams had superfecundation, but 43.8% of dams were whelped after insemination only on Day 5 after the LH surge and 31.3% of dams after insemination only on Day 7. Of the total 87 puppies, 46% were born after insemination on Day 5 after the LH surge and 54% after insemination on Day 7. This result strongly suggested that canine artificial insemination with frozen semen could be sufficiently successful also on Days 5 and 7 after the LH surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehisa Tsumagari
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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SHIMATSU Y, KATAGIRI K, ARAKAWA H, MATSUURA T, FURUTA T, MAMIYA Y, TANIGAWA M. Fertilities from Mating and Artificial Insemination with Frozen-Thawed Spermatozoa by Indexing LH Surge in Beagle Bitches. J Reprod Dev 2000. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.46.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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