1
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Tang YS, Wang SL. Outcome of serial cardiac evaluations during doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in small- to medium-sized dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Vet J 2024; 305:106134. [PMID: 38750812 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antitumor antibiotic with dose-dependent and cumulative cardiotoxicity. However, the necessity for serial cardiac evaluation is unknown in dogs without risk factors for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This study aimed to investigate serial changes in echocardiographic and electrocardiographic measures in small- and medium-sized dogs after four doxorubicin doses. We included 17 dogs, weighting < 20 kg, with multicentric lymphoma. All dogs received doxorubicin over 30 min every 4 weeks as part of a multi-drug chemotherapy protocol. The average doxorubicin dose was 3.8 times per dog. Clinical cardiotoxicity was not observed during the monitoring period. The incidence of developing arrhythmia was not significantly associated with the number of doxorubicin doses received (P = 0.600). The development of valvular regurgitations and mitral regurgitation in these dogs was not significantly associated with the number of doxorubicin doses (P = 0.363 and P = 0.779, respectively). The other echocardiographic results were not significantly different between each evaluation. In conclusion, our results showed no significant cardiotoxicity under echocardiogram and electrocardiogram in small- and medium-sized dogs without risk factors for DCM after four doses of doxorubicin in a 30-minute infusion method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Tang
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - S L Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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2
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Okiljević B, Martić N, Govedarica S, Andrejić Višnjić B, Bosanac M, Baljak J, Pavlić B, Milanović I, Rašković A. Cardioprotective and Hepatoprotective Potential of Silymarin in Paracetamol-Induced Oxidative Stress. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:520. [PMID: 38675181 PMCID: PMC11055062 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Silymarin, derived from Silybum marianum, has been used in traditional medicine for various ailments. In this study, the cardioprotective and hepatoprotective effects of silymarin against paracetamol-induced oxidative stress were examined in 28 male Swiss Webster mice, divided into four groups and treated for 7 days (via the oral route) with (a) saline 1 mL/kg (control group), (b) saline 1 mL/kg + single dose of paracetamol 110 mg/kg on the 7th day; (c) silymarin 50 mg/kg; and (d) silymarin 50 mg/kg + single dose of paracetamol 110 mg/kg on the 7th day. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity together with liver enzyme activity were evaluated. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment was performed. Silymarin mitigated paracetamol-induced liver injury by reducing oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation and restoring antioxidant enzyme activity. Silymarin treatment resulted in a significant decrease in liver enzyme levels. Reduced necrosis and inflammatory infiltrate in liver tissues of silymarin-treated groups were detected as well. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated reduced expression of inflammatory markers (COX2, iNOS) and oxidative stress marker (SOD2) in the liver tissues of the silymarin-treated groups. Similar trends were observed in cardiac tissue. These results suggest that silymarin exerts potent hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects against paracetamol-induced oxidative stress, making it a promising therapeutic agent for liver and heart diseases associated with oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Okiljević
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Nikola Martić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Srđan Govedarica
- Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Bojana Andrejić Višnjić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.A.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Milana Bosanac
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.A.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Jovan Baljak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Branimir Pavlić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Isidora Milanović
- Department of Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Pharmacy and Ecology, Academy for Applied Studies Belgrade, College of Health Sciences, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandar Rašković
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
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3
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Pino EHM, Weber MN, de Oliveira LO, Vieira LC, Dos Santos KHS, Liu IP, Gomes HM, Trindade-Gerardi AB, Moreira JCF, Gerardi DG. Evaluation of cardioprotective effects of carvedilol in dogs receiving doxorubicin chemotherapy: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled pilot study. Res Vet Sci 2021; 135:532-541. [PMID: 33221037 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of carvedilol in dogs receiving doxorubicin chemotherapy and provide suggestions to future studies based on results and limitations of our study. Thirteen dogs were randomized into two experimental groups: 6 dogs in carvedilol group and 7 dogs in placebo group. In carvedilol group, 0.39 mg/kg ± 0.04 twice-daily oral carvedilol was started on the day of the first doxorubicin treatment and continued throughout the chemotherapy protocol until the final cardiological evaluation. Cardiological evaluations were performed before the first doxorubicin administration and then 10 to 15 days after each subsequent dose. Troponin I and oxidative stress tests were performed with serum collected from dogs at the initial and final cardiological evaluation. Carvedilol produced some echocardiographic and electrocardiographic changes (reduced E velocity and E/IVRT ratio, as well reduced heart rate and increased PR and QT interval) due to its beta-block effect. In placebo group Doppler study showed a significant increase in mitral flow deceleration time (EDT), as well increased amplitude of the S wave in the right, and R wave in the left, precordial chest leads. There were significant difference in the EDT, E/IVRT and A' velocity, as well heart rate, PR interval and R wave in V4/CV6LU precordial chest lead between groups. In conclusion, some indexes of diastolic function and in precordial chest leads were less affected by doxorubicin in carvedilol than in control group. This suggests that carvedilol may have a beneficial effect in canine cancer patients receiving doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Helena M Pino
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matheus N Weber
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana O de Oliveira
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciane C Vieira
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Keylla H S Dos Santos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Isabella P Liu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Henrique M Gomes
- School of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Anelise B Trindade-Gerardi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José C F Moreira
- School of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel G Gerardi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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4
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Willcox JL, Belanger C, Burton JH, Yu L, Ueda Y, Visser LC, Skorupski K, Stern JA. Intramuscular Diphenhydramine Does Not Affect Acute Doxorubicin Infusion-Related Arrhythmia Number or Severity in a Prospective Crossover Study in Canine Lymphoma: A Pilot Study. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:368. [PMID: 32766291 PMCID: PMC7379900 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutics for canine high-grade lymphoma. In addition to dose-dependent chronic cardiotoxicity, DOX can trigger acute cardiac arrhythmias during drug infusion. Diphenhydramine premedication is commonly used, as histamine release is a proposed mechanism for DOX-associated arrhythmogenesis. Hypothesis/Objectives: The study objectives were to evaluate the incidence and severity of DOX infusion-related cardiac arrhythmias in dogs with high-grade lymphoma and evaluate the effect of diphenhydramine premedication on arrhythmia frequency and severity during and after DOX infusion. Animals: Twenty-two client-owned dogs with cytologically/histopathologically confirmed high-grade lymphoma were recruited, of which 19 were enrolled and 9 completed the study. Methods: Dogs were screened by echocardiogram and concurrent electrocardiogram for this randomized prospective crossover study. Group A received no premedication for DOX #1 and was premedicated with diphenhydramine for DOX #2; Group B received diphenhydramine with DOX #1 and no premedication for DOX #2. For both visits, Holter monitor data were collected for 1 h pre-DOX and 3 h post-DOX administration. Results: Nineteen dogs were enrolled and 9 dogs [Group A (5), Group B (4)] completed the protocol. There was no statistical difference between the DOX alone and DOX + diphenhydramine when evaluating the total number of ventricular premature complexes (VPCs, P = 0.34), change in VPCs/hour (P = 0.25), total number of atrial premature complexes (APCs, P = 0.5), change in APCs/hour (P = 0.06), or ventricular arrhythmia severity score (P > 0.99). Conclusions and clinical importance: This study demonstrates that in these dogs with rigorous pretreatment cardiovascular screening, DOX infusion did not induce significant arrhythmias. Furthermore, these data suggest that, with this screening approach, diphenhydramine may not alter the arrhythmia number or severity in canine DOX recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lindley Willcox
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Catherine Belanger
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jenna Hart Burton
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Lydia Yu
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Yu Ueda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Lance C Visser
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Katherine Skorupski
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Joshua A Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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5
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Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) and hemangiosarcoma (HSA) are uncommon and aggressive neoplasms that develop much more frequently in dogs than in cats. Breed-specific predispositions have been identified for both cancers. The development of novel diagnostics is underway and may aid in earlier diagnosis. Therapeutic approaches to HS and HSA depend on the stage of disease and may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Such interventions improve outcome; however, aside from a small number of clinical circumstances, both diseases are considered largely incurable. Continued efforts toward the identification of driver mutations and subsequent druggable targets may lead to improvements in long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mullin
- Hope Veterinary Specialists, 40 Three Tun Road, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
| | - Craig A Clifford
- Hope Veterinary Specialists, 40 Three Tun Road, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
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6
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Hallman BE, Hauck ML, Williams LE, Hess PR, Suter SE. Incidence and risk factors associated with development of clinical cardiotoxicity in dogs receiving doxorubicin. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:783-791. [PMID: 30697816 PMCID: PMC6430885 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Doxorubicin (DOX) can cause cumulative cardiotoxicity in dogs, but the incidence of clinical cardiotoxicity in dogs receiving DOX has not been determined. Hypothesis/Objectives To determine if the duration of DOX infusion influences the incidence of cardiotoxicity, to characterize the incidence of clinical cardiotoxicity in dogs during or after DOX chemotherapy, and to identify any risk factors associated with cardiotoxicity. Animals Four‐hundred ninety‐four dogs that received at least 1 dose of DOX for the treatment of cancer. Methods Retrospective study of dogs that received DOX from 2006 to 2015. Results Of 494 dogs, 20 (4.0%) developed clinical cardiotoxicity. The duration of DOX infusion was not significantly associated with clinical cardiotoxicity, whereas a higher cumulative dose of DOX, higher body weight, decreases in fractional shortening after 5 doses of DOX, and development of ventricular premature contractions were significantly associated with clinical cardiotoxicity. High‐risk breeds for developing dilated cardiomyopathy had an incidence of 15.4%, whereas low‐risk breeds had an incidence of 3.0%. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Although the duration of DOX infusion did not influence the incidence of cardiotoxicity, premature contractions and decreases in fractional shortening should raise concern for the development of clinical cardiotoxicity. Overall, the incidence of clinical DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity is low, but Boxers and other breeds at high risk for dilated cardiomyopathy may be at an increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana E Hallman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Marlene L Hauck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Laurel E Williams
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital of the Carolinas, Cary, North Carolina
| | - Paul R Hess
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Steven E Suter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
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7
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Marquardt TM, Lindley SES, Smith AN, Cannon CM, Rodriguez CO, Thamm DH, Childress MO, Northrup NC. Substitution of mitoxantrone for doxorubicin in a multidrug chemotherapeutic protocol for first-line treatment of dogs with multicentric intermediate- to large-cell lymphoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 254:236-242. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.254.2.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Pecceu E, Stebbing B, Martinez Pereira Y, Handel I, Culshaw G, Hodgkiss-Geere H, Lawrence J. Vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) as an indirect assessment of remission status in canine multicentric lymphoma undergoing multi-drug chemotherapy. Vet Res Commun 2017; 41:249-256. [PMID: 28791606 PMCID: PMC5694533 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-017-9695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) is an indirect measure of heart rate variability and may serve as a marker of disease severity. Higher heart rate variability has predicted lower tumour burden and improved survival in humans with various tumour types. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate VVTI as a biomarker of remission status in canine lymphoma. The primary hypothesis was that VVTI would be increased in dogs in remission compared to dogs out of remission. Twenty-seven dogs were prospectively enrolled if they had a diagnosis of intermediate to high-grade lymphoma and underwent multidrug chemotherapy. Serial electrocardiogram data were collected under standard conditions and relationships between VVTI, remission status and other clinical variables were evaluated. VVTI from dogs in remission (partial or complete) did not differ from dogs with fulminant lymphoma (naive or at time of relapse). Dogs in partial remission had higher VVTI than dogs in complete remission (p = 0.021). Higher baseline VVTI was associated with higher subsequent scores (p < 0.001). VVTI also correlated with anxiety level (p = 0.03). Based on this pilot study, VVTI did not hold any obvious promise as a useful clinical biomarker of remission status. Further investigation may better elucidate the clinical and prognostic utility of VVTI in dogs with lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Pecceu
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Brittainy Stebbing
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Yolanda Martinez Pereira
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Ian Handel
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Geoff Culshaw
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Hannah Hodgkiss-Geere
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK.,Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Jessica Lawrence
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK.,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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9
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Quiñones-Lombraña A, Cheng Q, Ferguson DC, Blanco JG. Transcriptional regulation of the canine carbonyl reductase 1 gene (cbr1) by the specificity protein 1 (Sp1). Gene 2016; 592:209-214. [PMID: 27506315 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The clinical use of anthracyclines to treat various canine cancers is limited by the development of cardiotoxicity. The intra-cardiac synthesis of anthracycline C-13 alcohol metabolites (e.g. daunorubicinol) contributes to the development of cardiotoxicity. Canine carbonyl reductase 1 (cbr1) catalyzes the reduction of daunorubicin into daunorubicinol. Recent mapping of the cbr1 locus by sequencing DNA samples from dogs from various breeds revealed a cluster of conserved motifs for the transcription factor Sp1 in the putative promoter region of cbr1. We hypothesized that the variable number of Sp1 motifs could impact the transcription of canine cbr1. In this study, we report the functional characterization of the canine cbr1 promoter. Experiments with reporter constructs and chromatin immunoprecipitation show that cbr1 transcription depends on the binding of Sp1 to the proximal promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments suggest that the variable number of Sp1 motifs impacts the transcription of canine cbr1. Inhibition of Sp1-DNA binding decreased canine cbr1 mRNA levels by 54% in comparison to controls, and also decreased enzymatic carbonyl reductase activity for the substrates daunorubicin (16%) and menadione (23%). The transactivation of Sp1 increased the expression of cbr1 mRNA (67%), and increased carbonyl reductase activity for daunorubicin (35%) and menadione (27%). These data suggest that the variable number of Sp1 motifs in the canine cbr1 promoter may impact the pharmacodynamics of anthracyclines in canine cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Quiñones-Lombraña
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA
| | - Qiuying Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA
| | - Daniel C Ferguson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA
| | - Javier G Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, USA.
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10
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Thomovsky E, Brooks A, Johnson P. Fluid Overload in Small Animal Patients. Top Companion Anim Med 2016; 31:94-99. [DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Pellin MA, Wouda RM, Robinson K, Tsimbas K, Kurzman ID, Biller BJ, Vail DM. Safety evaluation of combination doxorubicin and toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) in tumour bearing dogs: a phase I dose-finding study. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:919-931. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Pellin
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
| | - R. M. Wouda
- Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine; Manhattan KS USA
| | - K. Robinson
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
| | - K. Tsimbas
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
| | - I. D. Kurzman
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
| | - B. J. Biller
- Flint Animal Cancer Center; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - D. M. Vail
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
- Carbone Cancer Center; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
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12
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Prospective evaluation of Doppler echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging and biomarkers measurement for the detection of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in dogs: A pilot study. Res Vet Sci 2016; 105:153-9. [PMID: 27033925 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the usefulness of selected echocardiographic parameters, NT-proBNP and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in the detection of cardiotoxicity in dogs treated with doxorubicin for various malignancies. Echocardiographic studies and biomarker measurements were performed before each administration of doxorubicin, then 1 and 3 months after completion of therapy. Thirteen dogs were included, with a total cumulative dose of doxorubicin ranging from 30 to 150 mg/m(2). E/A ratio significantly decreased during doxorubicin administration (p=0.047). cTnI level was also significantly affected by treatment (p=0.046), increasing above normal at least at one time point in 11 of 13 dogs. The results of this pilot study suggest that monitoring of left ventricular diastolic function and cTnI level measurement might be useful in the early detection of cardiotoxic signs of doxorubicin therapy in dogs.
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13
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Ferguson DC, Cheng Q, Blanco JG. Characterization of the Canine Anthracycline-Metabolizing Enzyme Carbonyl Reductase 1 (cbr1) and the Functional Isoform cbr1 V218. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:922-7. [PMID: 25918240 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.064295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The anthracyclines doxorubicin and daunorubicin are used in the treatment of various human and canine cancers, but anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity limits their clinical utility. The formation of anthracycline C-13 alcohol metabolites (e.g., doxorubicinol and daunorubicinol) contributes to the development of anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity. The enzymes responsible for the synthesis of anthracycline C-13 alcohol metabolites in canines remain to be elucidated. We hypothesized that canine carbonyl reductase 1 (cbr1), the homolog of the prominent anthracycline reductase human CBR1, would have anthracycline reductase activity. Recombinant canine cbr1 (molecular weight: 32.8 kDa) was purified from Escherichia coli. The enzyme kinetics of "wild-type" canine cbr1 (cbr1 D218) and a variant isoform (cbr1 V218) were characterized with the substrates daunorubicin and menadione, as well as the flavonoid inhibitor rutin. Canine cbr1 catalyzes the reduction of daunorubicin to daunorubicinol, with cbr1 D218 and cbr1 V218 displaying different kinetic parameters (cbr1 D218 Km: 188 ± 144 μM versus cbr1 V218 Km: 527 ± 136 μM, P < 0.05, and cbr1 D218 Vmax: 6446 ± 3615 nmol/min per milligram versus cbr1 V218 Vmax: 15539 ± 2623 nmol/min per milligram, P < 0.01). Canine cbr1 also metabolized menadione (cbr1 D218 Km: 104 ± 50 μM, Vmax: 2034 ± 307 nmol/min per milligram). Rutin acted as a competitive inhibitor for the reduction of daunorubicin (cbr1 D218 Ki: 1.84 ± 1.02 μM, cbr1 V218 Ki: 1.38 ± 0.47 μM). These studies show that canine cbr1 metabolizes daunorubicin and provide the necessary foundation to characterize the role of cbr1 in the variable pharmacodynamics of anthracyclines in canine cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Ferguson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Qiuying Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Javier G Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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14
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Fine DM, Selting K, Backus RC, Rossi NF, Harmon MW, Durham HE, Spier AW. Hemodynamic and biochemical alterations in dogs with lymphoma after induction of chemotherapy. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:887-93. [PMID: 24655048 PMCID: PMC4895476 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Doxorubicin is a common antineoplastic agent with dose‐dependent cardiotoxic adverse effects, and pre‐existing myocardial dysfunction is a contraindication to its use. Objectives To systematically define the hemodynamic and biochemical alterations in dogs undergoing chemotherapy for newly diagnosed lymphoma and assess the reversibility of these alterations with fluid administration. Animals Twenty‐one client‐owned dogs with newly diagnosed lymphoma were evaluated 1 week after induction of chemotherapy. Underlying degenerative valve disease was exclusionary. Eighteen healthy age‐ and weight‐matched dogs were used as controls. Methods Physical examination, blood pressure by Doppler, echocardiography, and biochemical evaluation (routine serum biochemistry, plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentrations, plasma and urine osmolalities, and urine electrolyte concentrations) were measured in dogs with lymphoma and compared to controls. Dogs with lymphoma received crystalloids IV at 6 mL/kg/h for 24 hours. All variables were reassessed at 4 and 24 hours. Deuterium oxide dilution and bromide dilution were used to determine total body water and extracellular water space, respectively. Results Baseline echocardiograms showed significantly smaller chamber dimensions in dogs with lymphoma compared to controls. These changes were reversed by fluid administration. Systolic blood pressure and urine sodium concentration were significantly increased, and bromide dilution space, PCV, urine specific gravity, and urine potassium concentration were significantly decreased compared to controls. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Echocardiographic and biochemical abnormalities in dogs with lymphoma appear consistent with volume depletion, and may be the result of systemic hypertension and subsequent pressure natriuresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Fine
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Fowler MM, Jesty SA, Gompf RE, Johns SM. ECG of the month. Doxorubicin cardiotoxicosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 243:52-4. [PMID: 23786190 DOI: 10.2460/javma.243.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda M Fowler
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Marley K, Helfand SC, Simpson J, Mata JE, Tracewell WG, Brownlee L, Bracha S, Séguin B. Pharmacokinetic study and evaluation of the safety of taurolidine for dogs with osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2013; 32:74. [PMID: 24422857 PMCID: PMC3852505 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma in dogs and humans share many similarities and the dog has been described as an excellent model to study this disease. The median survival in dogs has not improved in the last 25 years. Taurolidine has been shown to be cytotoxic to canine and human osteosarcoma in vitro. The goals of this study were to determine the pharmacokinetics and safety of taurolidine in healthy dogs and the safety of taurolidine in combination with doxorubicin or carboplatin in dogs with osteosarcoma. Methods Two percent taurolidine was infused into six healthy dogs (150 mg/kg) over a period of two hours and blood samples were taken periodically. One dog received taurolidine with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as its carrier and later received PVP-free taurolidine as did all other dogs in this study. Serum taurolidine concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) online coupled to ESI-MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Subsequently, the same dose of taurolidine was infused to seven dogs with osteosarcoma also treated with doxorubicin or carboplatin. Results Taurolidine infusion was safe in 6 healthy dogs and there were no significant side effects. Maximum taurolidine serum concentrations ranged between 229 to 646 μM. The dog that received taurolidine with PVP had an immediate allergic reaction but recovered fully after the infusion was stopped. Three additional dogs with osteosarcoma received doxorubicin and taurolidine without PVP. Toxicities included dilated cardiomyopathy, protein-losing nephropathy, renal insufficiency and vasculopathy at the injection site. One dog was switched to carboplatin instead of doxorubicin and an additional 4 dogs with osteosarcoma received taurolidine-carboplatin combination. One incidence of ototoxicity occurred with the taurolidine- carboplatin combination. Bone marrow and gastro-intestinal toxicity did not appear increased with taurolidine over doxorubicin or carboplatin alone. Conclusions Taurolidine did not substantially exacerbate bone marrow or gastro-intestinal toxicity however, it is possible that taurolidine increased other toxicities of doxorubicin and carboplatin. Administering taurolidine in combination with 30 mg/m2 doxorubicin in dogs is not recommended but taurolidine in combination with carboplatin (300 mg/m2) appears safe.
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