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Gustafsson L, Wilson A, Bergvall K. Efficient Topical Treatment of Canine Nodular Sebaceous Hyperplasia with a Nitric Acid and Zinc Complex Solution. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:570. [PMID: 38396537 PMCID: PMC10885944 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nodular sebaceous gland hyperplasia in the often middle-aged to old dog is a common, benign proliferation that results in exophytic, pink to yellow, alopecic, and often multilobulated nodules. Removal is usually carried out by surgical excision. As many old dogs have comorbidities that increase the risk of anesthesia, a topical treatment is warranted. We hypothesized that the application of a solution containing nitric acid, zinc, copper, and organic acids (Verrutop®), would be a safe and efficient way to treat these nodules. Eleven dogs with a total of 29 nodules, grossly compatible with nodular sebaceous gland hyperplasia, were included in the study. Eighteen of the nodules were treated; 11 were left untreated. No anesthesia or sedation was needed. Four weeks after one application, 17/18 treated nodules had decreased by 100% in volume. There was a statistically significant difference in percentual volume change between the treated and untreated nodules from day 0 to day 28 (p < 0.0001). No serious side effects were noted. Sebaceous hyperplasia cannot always be distinguished grossly from sebaceous tumors. Cytological evaluation can be helpful, and in cases of deviant macroscopic features, local recurrence, or more aggressive behavior, the appropriate intervention would be to biopsy or excise the nodule for histopathology. Topical application of Verrutop® is an easy, low-cost, and efficient way to remove canine sebaceous gland hyperplasia with minimal side effects in cases where surgery and anesthesia are not desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gustafsson
- Evidensia Södra Djursjukhuset, Månskärsvägen 13, 141 75 Huddinge, Sweden; (A.W.); or (K.B.)
| | - Alison Wilson
- Evidensia Södra Djursjukhuset, Månskärsvägen 13, 141 75 Huddinge, Sweden; (A.W.); or (K.B.)
| | - Kerstin Bergvall
- Evidensia Södra Djursjukhuset, Månskärsvägen 13, 141 75 Huddinge, Sweden; (A.W.); or (K.B.)
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, P.O. Box 7084, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Śmiech A, Bulak K, Łopuszyński W, Puła A. Incidence and the risk of occurrence of benign and malignant canine skin tumours in Poland - a five-year retrospective study. J Vet Res 2023; 67:437-446. [PMID: 37786849 PMCID: PMC10541663 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the study was to compile data on the frequency and distribution of canine skin tumours and determine the risk of these being malignant as opposed to benign. This determination proceeded from tumour histogenesis and gave consideration to the dog's breed, sex, age and the anatomical location of tumours. Material and Methods This retrospective five-year epidemiological study included 3,139 canine skin tumours collected in Poland. A univariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Microscopic analysis showed a significant predominance of benign tumours (65.02%) as well as mesenchymal and melanocytic tumours (59.57%). The most frequently diagnosed were mast cell tumours, accounting for 13.79% of all skin tumours, and other common tumour types were lipomas (6.40%), haemangiopericytomas (5.96%) and malignant melanomas (4.65%). The risk of malignant versus benign tumours was 1.212 times higher in the female than in the male dogs. A higher risk of development of malignant epithelial tumours was found in boxers (OR 4.091), German shepherds (OR 4.085) and flat-coated retrievers (OR 43.596). A higher risk of development of malignant mesenchymal tumours was found in golden retrievers (OR 4.693), boxers (OR 2.342), bulldogs (OR 3.469) and Maltese (OR 2.757). Conclusion The results may serve as a reference point for further studies of the complex biology of canine skin tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Śmiech
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Bulak
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Agata Puła
- Student Scientific Circle of the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612Lublin, Poland
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3
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Clanxet J, Teles M, Hernández-Losa J, Rueda MRE, Benitez-Fusté L, Pastor J. Gene expression profiles of beta-adrenergic receptors in canine vascular tumors: a preliminary study. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:206. [PMID: 35637463 PMCID: PMC9150297 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta adrenergic receptors (β-AR) play a key role in regulating several hallmark pathways of both benign and malignant human and canine tumors. There is scarce information on the expression of β-AR in canine vascular tumors. Therefore, the purpose of the present research work was to study the mRNA expression levels of the three subtypes of the β-AR genes (ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3) in hemangiosarcoma (HSA) and hemangioma (HA), as well as in vascular hamartomas (VH) from dogs.Fifty samples (n = 50) were obtained from 38 dogs. Twenty-three animals had HSA, eight animals HA and seven animals VH. HSA were auricular (n = 8), splenic (n = 5), cutaneous (n = 6), auricular and splenic (n = 2), cutaneous-muscular (n = 1) and disseminated (n = 1). There were seven cases of HSA that were divided into primary tumor and secondary (metastatic) tumor. Skin and muscle samples with a normal histological study were used as control group. ADRB gene expression was determinate in all samples by real-time quantitative PCR. Results showed that ADRB1, ADRB2 and ADRB3 were overexpressed in HSA when compared to the control group. ADRB2 was overexpressed in HA when compared to the control group. HSA express higher values of ADBR1 (p = 0.0178) compared to VH. There was a high inter-individual variability in the expression of the three subtypes of ADBR. No statistically significant difference in the expression of ADBR genes were observed between HSA primary when compared to metastatic or in different anatomical locations. In conclusion, canine HSA overexpress the three β-AR subtypes and canine HA β2-AR. High variability was observed in β-AR mRNA levels amongst HSA cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Clanxet
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana Teles
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Hernández-Losa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d´Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Josep Pastor
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Schectman SJ, Khanam A, Walters MND, Kirwan E, Sylvester WR, Khan FA. A retrospective study of canine transmissible venereal tumour in Grenada, West Indies. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1008-1012. [PMID: 35238497 PMCID: PMC9122414 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a naturally occurring neoplasia affecting dogs worldwide. Previous CTVT studies in Grenada were limited to case records of dogs with neoplastic conditions at a veterinary diagnostic laboratory. Objectives The present retrospective study aimed to determine the occurrence and risk factors of CTVT in a wider population of owned dogs presented to a university‐affiliated veterinary hospital between 2008 and 2018. Methods Data on the age, breed, gender, and gonadectomy status were retrieved from an electronic database and analyzed using logistic regression. Results Of the 7180 dogs presented during the period, 102 dogs (1.4%) were diagnosed with CTVT. A higher predisposition was observed in Grenadian pothounds (odds ratio [OR] = 22.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 10.3–50.4; p < 0.001) and mixed‐breed dogs (OR = 9.2, 95% CI 4.1–20.7; p < 0.001) in comparison to the purebreds. Neutered dogs (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.4–3.3; p < 0.001) were at an increased risk of CTVT than intact dogs. Age and gender were not identified as significant risk factors. Conclusions The percentage of dogs with CTVT in this study represents a crude estimate of the CTVT prevalence in the owned dog population in Grenada. Further studies including both owned and free‐roaming dogs are required for a more accurate estimation of the CTVT prevalence in the region. Our results indicate that breed and gonadectomy status are significant risk factors for the occurrence of CTVT in Grenada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Schectman
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, West Indies
| | - Afroza Khanam
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, West Indies
| | - Mellisa N D Walters
- Small Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, West Indies
| | - Elliot Kirwan
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, West Indies
| | - Wayne R Sylvester
- Small Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, West Indies
| | - Firdous A Khan
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, West Indies
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Martins AL, Canadas-Sousa A, Mesquita JR, Dias-Pereira P, Amorim I, Gärtner F. Retrospective study of canine cutaneous tumors submitted to a diagnostic pathology laboratory in Northern Portugal (2014-2020). Canine Med Genet 2022; 9:2. [PMID: 35216632 PMCID: PMC8875941 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-022-00113-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous neoplastic diseases are the most and second-most frequently reported tumors in male and female dogs, respectively. The aims of this study were to report the occurrence of canine cutaneous tumors in a pathology laboratory located in Northern Portugal between 2014 and 2020, and to characterize and categorize the anatomical locations, breed, age, and sex of the animals affected with different types of neoplasms. Results Throughout the 7-year study, 1,185 cases were diagnosed as cutaneous tumors, with 62.9% being classified as benign, and 37.1% as malignant. Mast cell tumors (22.7%) were the most frequently diagnosed tumor type, followed by benign soft tissue tumors (9.7%), sebaceous gland tumors (8.1%), vascular tumors (7.9%) and soft tissue sarcomas (7.6%). Cutaneous tumors commonly exhibited multicentric occurrence (14.6%) followed by single occurrence in hindlimb (12.1%), forelimb (8.6%), buttock (7.1%), abdominal (6.5%) and costal (5.2%) areas. The odds of developing cutaneous neoplasia were higher with increasing age (p < 0.001). Females had an increased odds of developing skin tumors compared to males (crude OR = 2.99, 95% (2.51, 3.55); adj OR = 2.93, 95% (2.46, 3.49). Purebred dogs, as a group, showed a reduced odds of developing cutaneous tumors when compared to mixed-breed dogs (crude OR = 0.63, 95% (0.53, 0.74); adj OR = 0.75, 95% (0.62, 0.89). Conclusions Mast cell tumors, benign soft tissue tumors and sebaceous tumors were the most common histotypes encountered. The epidemiological survey achieved with this study demonstrates the relative frequency of different types of tumors in this particular population. Furthermore, the results herein achieved can act as a basis or a beneficial reference for local veterinarians helping in the establishment of a preliminary and presumptive diagnosis of canine cutaneous tumors histotypes. Plain English summary Skin tumors are the most and second-most frequently reported tumors in male and female dogs, respectively. The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of canine skin tumors in a diagnostic pathology laboratory located in Northern Portugal, between 2014–2020 and to characterize the anatomical distributions, breed, age, and sex of the animals affected by different skin tumors. During this period, 1,185 cases were diagnosed as skin tumors; 62.9% were diagnosed as benign, while 37.1% were malignant. Mast cell tumors (22.7%) were the most frequently diagnosed neoplasia, followed by benign soft tissue tumors (9.7%), sebaceous gland tumors (8.1%), vascular tumors (7.9%) and soft tissue sarcomas (7.6%). Skin tumors commonly developed in more than one location (14.6%) followed by solitary development in hindlimb (12.1%), forelimb (8.6%), buttock (7.1%), abdominal (6.5%) and costal (5.2%) areas. An increased odds of developing skin neoplasms as the patient’s age increase was detected. Females showed an increased odds in comparison to male dogs. Purebred dogs presented decreased odds for developing skin tumors in comparison to mixed-breed dogs. The information relevance achieved with this study demonstrates the relative frequency of different types of tumors in this particular population, acting as a basis or a beneficial reference for regional veterinarians when providing an initial diagnosis of canine skin tumors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40575-022-00113-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Martins
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade Do Porto (ICBAS), 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. .,Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto (FCUP), 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Canadas-Sousa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade Do Porto (ICBAS), 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - João R Mesquita
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade Do Porto (ICBAS), 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Dias-Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade Do Porto (ICBAS), 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Amorim
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade Do Porto (ICBAS), 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde da Universidade Do Porto (i3S), 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade Do Porto (ICBAS), 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde da Universidade Do Porto (i3S), 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Patologia E Imunologia Molecular da Universidade Do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
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Prevalence and distribution of canine neoplastic and non-neoplastic cutaneous lesions in Serbia: a retrospective study of 2432 Cases (2011 – Mid 2021). ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2021-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cutaneous lesions, especially skin tumors in dogs, are among the most common lesions in this animal species. The aim of this study was to identify the most common types of canine cutaneous lesions, to determine the absolute and relative frequency of each type of cutaneous lesion, anatomical locations, mean age, as well as gender and breed distribution. The examination included all samples of cutaneous lesions in dogs obtained by surgical biopsy in veterinary clinics and examined at the Laboratory of the Department of Pathology at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade from the 1st January 2011 to the 1st July 2021. In this period (126 months), a total of 2432 samples of cutaneous lesions were examined, of which 1984 (81.58%) were tumors (1037/1984, 52.27% benign and 947/1984, 47.73% malignant) and 448 (18.42%) non-neoplastic cutaneous lesions. The most commonly found cutaneous tumors were: mast cell tumor (17.34% of all tumors), histiocytoma (9.78%), papilloma (7.91%), lipoma (7.81%), squamous cell carcinoma (7.36%), trichoblastoma (4.44%), hepatoid adenoma (4.39%) and malignant melanoma (4.18%). The most common non-neoplastic cutaneous lesions were: follicular cyst(s) (35.04% of all non-neoplastic lesions), pyogranulomatous chronic dermatitis (23.88%), lymphocytic dermatitis (7.37%), hyperkeratosis (4.24%), and granulomatous dermatitis (3.79%). Our results substantially confirm previously reported data regarding cutaneous neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions in dogs, and provide updated information on their frequency, animal age, anatomic location and breed distributions.
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7
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Kim D, Dobromylskyj MJ, O'Neill D, Smith KC. Skin masses in dogs under 1 year of age: 2554 cases (2006-2013). J Small Anim Pract 2021; 63:10-15. [PMID: 34467541 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To utilise a large histopathology database to ascertain the incidence and nature of skin masses in young dogs from 0 to 12 months of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 2554 submissions received for histopathology from dogs 0 to 12 months of age, clinically diagnosed with a skin mass between 2006 and 2013, were retrieved from the database of a large commercial diagnostic laboratory. The histological diagnosis and site of the lesion, together with age, breed and sex of the dog were recorded. RESULTS The most common skin mass found in this study was histiocytoma (n=2212, 86.6%). The majority of all submissions were neoplastic (n=2408, 94.3%), and most of those were benign (n=2372, 98.5%). Almost all of the benign neoplastic lesions were of round cell origin (n=2229, 94.0%) whereas most of the non-neoplastic lesions were derived from the epithelium (n=136, 93.8%). The five most commonly diagnosed skin masses in young dogs were histiocytoma, papilloma, dermoid cyst, follicular cyst and mast cell tumour. A male predisposition was shown for histiocytoma (odds ratio 1.72) and mast cell tumour (odds ratio 2.18) with a strong site predilection for the limb region (30.8% and 27.8% respectively). Dermoid cysts and follicular cysts were most commonly found in the skin of the abdomen (64.7% and 52.3% respectively) with boxers being predisposed (25.9% of dermoid cyst and 25.0% of follicular cyst). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A large proportion of skin mass submissions in young dogs were neoplastic and benign. Also, the most common skin mass in young dogs was found to be histiocytoma. Tumours can occur in this age group and should be considered as a potential differential diagnosis also in young patients presenting with a skin mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kim
- Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | | | - D O'Neill
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - K C Smith
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
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Tompkins S, Fosgate GT, Williams J, Clift S. Breed and anatomical predisposition for canine cutaneous neoplasia in South Africa during 2013. Vet Rec 2019; 186:218. [PMID: 31431520 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous neoplasia occurs commonly in dogs and owners in consultation with their veterinarian must decide when to perform surgery to obtain a histopathological diagnosis. The objective of this study was to identify breed predispositions for canine cutaneous neoplasms and determine factors associated with malignancy. This retrospective case-series evaluated histopathology reports from two veterinary pathology laboratories in South Africa during a six-month study period. Breed predispositions were analysed using log-linear models and risk factors for malignancy were evaluated using binary logistic regression. Data were available for 2553 cutaneous neoplasms from 2271 dogs. The most frequent neoplasms were mast cell tumours (21.1per cent), histiocytoma (9.4per cent), haemangiosarcoma (8.3per cent), melanocytoma (5.8per cent) and lipoma (5.1per cent). Boxers (relative proportion (RP)=38.9; 95% CI 2.3 to 646), pugs (7.6; 1.4 to 41.0), Staffordshire bull terriers (7.0; 1.9 to 26.3), boerboels (3.8; 1.3 to 10.7), Labrador retrievers (2.7; 1.0 to 7.0) and mixed breed dogs (2.2; 1.1 to 4.4) had a higher frequency of mast cell tumours. Jack Russell terriers (OR=2.5; 95% CI 1.8 to 3.5), Rottweilers (2.3; 1.3 to 3.9), pit bull terriers (2.2; 1.1 to 4.3) and Staffordshire bull terriers (1.6; 1.0 to 2.6) were more likely to have malignant neoplasms. Dog signalment might facilitate prognosis determination for cutaneous canine neoplasia before receiving a histopathological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Tompkins
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.,Vetdiagnostix, Midrand, South Africa
| | - Geoffrey T Fosgate
- Department of Production Animal Studies, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - June Williams
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Sarah Clift
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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Kok MK, Chambers JK, Tsuboi M, Nishimura R, Tsujimoto H, Uchida K, Nakayama H. Retrospective study of canine cutaneous tumors in Japan, 2008-2017. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1133-1143. [PMID: 31257236 PMCID: PMC6715907 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous tumors are commonly found in dogs. To date, few studies have investigated the
epidemiology of canine cutaneous tumors in Asian countries. The present study aims to
report the prevalence of canine cutaneous tumors in Japan, and assess the association of
breed, age, sex, and anatomical locations with the development of common tumor types. A
total of 1,435 cases of cutaneous tumors were examined, of which 813 (56.66%) cases were
malignant, and 622 (43.34%) were benign. Soft tissue sarcomas (18.40%), mast cell tumor
(16.24%), lipoma (9.69%), hair follicle tumors (9.34%), and benign sebaceous tumors
(8.50%) outnumbered the other tumor types. Tumors were commonly found on the head
(13.87%), hindlimb (10.52%), forelimb (8.01%), chest (5.78%), and neck (5.57%). The risk
of developing cutaneous tumors increased significantly in dogs aged 11-year and above
(P<0.001). Mixed-breed dogs (14.63%), Miniature Dachshund (9.90%),
and Labrador Retriever (8.01%) were the three most presented breeds; while Boxer, Bernese
Mountain Dog, and Golden Retriever had an increased risk of cutaneous tumor development in
comparison to mixed-breed dogs (P<0.05). Epidemiological information
from the present study will serve as a useful reference for regional veterinarians to
establish a preliminary diagnosis of canine cutaneous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Keong Kok
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masaya Tsuboi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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