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Mascarell P, de la Rica A, Padilla S, Ruiz-García M, López-Escudero J, García-Abellán J, Botella Á, Masiá M, Gutiérrez F. Pericarditis caused by Mycobacterium africanum: case report. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:628. [PMID: 35850703 PMCID: PMC9290226 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycobacterium africanum is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and is endemic in West Africa, where it causes up to half of all cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. Here, we report the first isolation of Mycobacterium africanum from the pericardial effusion culture of a patient with tuberculous pericarditis. Case presentation A 31-year-old man, native from Senegal, came to the emergency room with massive pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade requiring pericardiocentesis. M. africanum subtype II was identified in the pericardial fluid. The patient completed 10 months of standard treatment, with a favorable outcome. Conclusions We report the first case of tuberculous pericarditis caused by Mycobacterium africanum, which provide evidence that this microorganism can cause pericardial disease and must be considered in patients from endemic areas presenting with pericardial effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mascarell
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Alba de la Rica
- Microbiology Service, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sergio Padilla
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - José López-Escudero
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Ángela Botella
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Mar Masiá
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Félix Gutiérrez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Silva ML, Cá B, Osório NS, Rodrigues PNS, Maceiras AR, Saraiva M. Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium africanum: Knowns and unknowns. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010490. [PMID: 35617217 PMCID: PMC9135246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest threats to human health, is mainly caused by 2 highly related and human-adapted bacteria broadly known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium africanum. Whereas M. tuberculosis is widely spread, M. africanum is restricted to West Africa, where it remains a significant cause of tuberculosis. Although several differences have been identified between these 2 pathogens, M. africanum remains a lot less studied than M. tuberculosis. Here, we discuss the genetic, phenotypic, and clinical similarities and differences between strains of M. tuberculosis and M. africanum. We also discuss our current knowledge on the immune response to M. africanum and how it possibly articulates with distinct disease progression and with the geographical restriction attributed to this pathogen. Understanding the functional impact of the diversity existing in TB-causing bacteria, as well as incorporating this diversity in TB research, will contribute to the development of better, more specific approaches to tackle TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta L. Silva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Doctoral Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Baltazar Cá
- INASA - Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública da Guiné-Bissau, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Nuno S. Osório
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro N. S. Rodrigues
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Maceiras
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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3
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Balamurugan M, Banerjee R, Kasibhatla SM, Achalere A, Joshi R. Understanding the Genetic Diversity of Mycobacterium africanum Using Phylogenetics and Population Genomics Approaches. Front Genet 2022; 13:800083. [PMID: 35495132 PMCID: PMC9043288 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.800083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of two lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. africanum (Maf), L5 and L6, which are members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), are responsible for causing tuberculosis in West Africa. Regions of difference (RDs) are usually used for delineation of MTBC. With increased data availability, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) promise to provide better resolution. Publicly available 380 Maf samples were analyzed for identification of “core-cluster-specific-SNPs,” while additional 270 samples were used for validation. RD-based methods were used for lineage-assignment, wherein 31 samples remained unidentified. The genetic diversity of Maf was estimated based on genome-wide SNPs using phylogeny and population genomics approaches. Lineage-based clustering (L5 and L6) was observed in the whole genome phylogeny with distinct sub-clusters. Population stratification using both model-based and de novo approaches supported the same observations. L6 was further delineated into three sub-lineages (L6.1–L6.3), whereas L5 was grouped as L5.1 and L5.2 based on the occurrence of RD711. L5.1 and L5.2 were further divided into two (L5.1.1 and L5.1.2) and four (L5.2.1–L5.2.4) sub-clusters, respectively. Unassigned samples could be assigned to definite lineages/sub-lineages based on clustering observed in phylogeny along with high-confidence posterior membership scores obtained during population stratification. Based on the (sub)-clusters delineated, “core-cluster-specific-SNPs” were derived. Synonymous SNPs (137 in L5 and 128 in L6) were identified as biomarkers and used for validation. Few of the cluster-specific missense variants in L5 and L6 belong to the central carbohydrate metabolism pathway which include His6Tyr (Rv0946c), Glu255Ala (Rv1131), Ala309Gly (Rv2454c), Val425Ala and Ser112Ala (Rv1127c), Gly198Ala (Rv3293) and Ile137Val (Rv0363c), Thr421Ala (Rv0896), Arg442His (Rv1248c), Thr218Ile (Rv1122), and Ser381Leu (Rv1449c), hinting at the differential growth attenuation. Genes harboring multiple (sub)-lineage-specific “core-cluster” SNPs such as Lys117Asn, Val447Met, and Ala455Val (Rv0066c; icd2) present across L6, L6.1, and L5, respectively, hinting at the association of these SNPs with selective advantage or host-adaptation. Cluster-specific SNPs serve as additional markers along with RD-regions for Maf delineation. The identified SNPs have the potential to provide insights into the genotype–phenotype correlation and clues for endemicity of Maf in the African population.
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Eldholm V, Rønning JO, Mengshoel AT, Arnesen T. Import and transmission of Mycobacterium orygis and Mycobacterium africanum, Norway. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:562. [PMID: 34118874 PMCID: PMC8199368 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the current study was to improve our understanding of the origins and transmission of Mycobacterium africanum (MAF) in Norway. Methods Whole-genome sequences (WGS) were generated for all (n = 29) available clinical isolates received at the Norwegian National Reference Laboratory for Mycobacteria (NRL) and identified as MAF in Norway, in the period 2010–2020. Phylogenetic analyses were performed. Results The analyses indicated several imports of MAF lineage 6 from both East and West African countries, whereas MAF lineage 5 was restricted to patients with West African connections. We also find evidence for transmission of MAF in Norway. Finally, our analyses revealed that a group of isolates from patients originating in South Asia, identified as MAF by means of a commercial line-probe assay, in fact belonged to Mycobacterium orygis. Conclusions Most MAF cases in Norway are the result of import, but transmission is occurring within Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vegard Eldholm
- National Reference Laboratory for Mycobacteria, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Janne O Rønning
- National Reference Laboratory for Mycobacteria, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Torunn Mengshoel
- National Reference Laboratory for Mycobacteria, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude Arnesen
- National Reference Laboratory for Mycobacteria, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Analysis of Mycobacterium africanum in the last 17 years in Aragon identifies a specific location of IS6110 in Lineage 6. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10359. [PMID: 33990628 PMCID: PMC8121931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to increase our knowledge about Mycobacterium africanum and report the incidence and characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) due to their lineages in Aragon, Spain, over the period 2003–2019. The study includes all the cases in our region, where all the M. tuberculosis complex isolates are systematically characterised. We detected 31 cases of M. africanum among 2598 cases of TB in the period studied. TB caused by M. africanum is rare (1.19%) in our population, and it affects mainly men of economically productive age coming from West African countries. Among the isolates, Lineage (L) 6 was more frequent than L5. The genotyping of these strains identified five clusters and 13 strains with a unique pattern. The isolates’ characterisation identified a copy of IS6110 within the moaX gene, which turned out to be specific for L6. It will allow the differentiation of this lineage from the rest of MTBC with a simple PCR reaction. It remains to be established whether this polymorphism may limit M. africanum transmission. Furthermore, a mutation in the mutT2 promoter was found as specific for L6 strains, which could be related to the high variability found for L6 compared to L5.
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6
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Baya B, Diarra B, Diabate S, Kone B, Goita D, Sarro YDS, Cohen K, Holl JL, Achenbach CJ, Tolofoudie M, Togo ACG, Sanogo M, Kone A, Kodio O, Dabitao D, Coulibaly N, Siddiqui S, Diop S, Bishai W, Dao S, Doumbia S, Murphy RL, Diallo S, Maiga M. Association of Mycobacterium africanum Infection with Slower Disease Progression Compared with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Malian Patients with Tuberculosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:36-41. [PMID: 31733052 PMCID: PMC6947796 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium africanum (MAF) is known to endemically cause up to 40–50% of all pulmonary TB in West Africa. The aim of this study was to compare MAF with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) with regard to time from symptom onset to TB diagnosis, and clinical and radiological characteristics. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bamako, Mali, between August 2014 and July 2016. Seventy-seven newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients who were naive to treatment were enrolled at Mali’s University Clinical Research Center. Sputum cultures were performed to confirm the diagnosis and spoligotyping to identify the mycobacterial strain. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with disease progression. Overall, the frequency of female patients was 25% in MAF infection and only 10.0% in MTB infection (OR = 2.9), and MAF was more represented in patients aged ≥ 30 years (57.1% versus 36.7% [OR = 2.3]). More MAF- than MTB-infected patients had a history of a prior TB contact (32.1% versus 14.3% [OR = 2.8]). The mean duration between cough onset and TB diagnosis was 111 days (∼3.7 months) for MAF and 72 days (∼2.4 months) for MTB (P = 0.007). In a multivariate regression, weight loss (body mass index [BMI] < 18.5 kg/m2) and cough duration (> 4 months) were strongly associated with MAF infection (OR = 5.20 [1.49–18.26], P = 0.010, and 4.74 [1.2–18.58], P = 0.02), respectively. Our data show that MAF infection was significantly associated with lower BMI and a longer time between symptom onset and TB diagnosis than MTB. This supports the concept that MAF infection may have slower disease progression and less severe cough symptoms than MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bocar Baya
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)-SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Bassirou Diarra
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)-SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Seydou Diabate
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)-SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Bourahima Kone
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)-SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Drissa Goita
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)-SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Yeya Dit Sadio Sarro
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)-SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Keira Cohen
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Mohamed Tolofoudie
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)-SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Antieme Combo Georges Togo
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)-SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Moumine Sanogo
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)-SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Amadou Kone
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)-SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Ousmane Kodio
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)-SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Djeneba Dabitao
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)-SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Nadie Coulibaly
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)-SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Sophia Siddiqui
- National Institutes of Allergic and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Samba Diop
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)-SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - William Bishai
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sounkalo Dao
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)-SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Seydou Doumbia
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)-SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Souleymane Diallo
- University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)-SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Mamoudou Maiga
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,University Clinical Research Center (UCRC)-SEREFO Laboratory-University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
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7
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Cá B, Fonseca KL, Sousa J, Maceiras AR, Machado D, Sanca L, Rabna P, Rodrigues PNS, Viveiros M, Saraiva M. Experimental Evidence for Limited in vivo Virulence of Mycobacterium africanum. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2102. [PMID: 31552007 PMCID: PMC6746983 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a public health problem and a main cause of death to humans. Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium africanum cause tuberculosis. In contrast to M. tuberculosis, which is geographically spread, M. africanum is restricted to West Africa. Differences have also been found in the growth rate and type of disease caused by M. africanum, globally suggesting an attenuation of this bacteria. In this study, we used the mouse model of infection to follow the dynamics of M. africanum infection in terms of bacterial burdens and tissue pathology, as well as the immune response triggered. Our findings support a lower virulence of M. africanum as compared to M. tuberculosis, including in mice lacking IFN-γ, a major protective cytokine in tuberculosis. Furthermore, the lung immune response triggered by M. africanum infection in wild-type animals was characterized by a discrete influx of leukocytes and a modest transcriptional upregulation of inflammatory mediators. Our findings contribute to elucidate the pathogenesis of M. africanum, supporting the hypothesis that this is an attenuated member of the tuberculosis-causing bacteria. Understanding the biology of M. africanum and how it interacts with the host to establish infection will have implications for our knowledge of TB and for the development of novel and better tools to control this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baltazar Cá
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciência para o Desenvolvimento, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública/Projeto de Saúde de Bandim, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Kaori L Fonseca
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciência para o Desenvolvimento, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jeremy Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Maceiras
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Machado
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lilica Sanca
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública/Projeto de Saúde de Bandim, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Paulo Rabna
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública/Projeto de Saúde de Bandim, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Pedro N S Rodrigues
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Chakravarti A, Soualhine H, Sharma M, Rivest P, Poirier L, Lavallée C. Indigenous Transmission of Mycobacterium africanum in Canada: A Case Series and Cluster Analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz088. [PMID: 30949534 PMCID: PMC6441568 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium africanum is an important cause of human tuberculosis and is found almost exclusively in West Africa. We identified a cluster of patients in Montreal, Canada, with M africanum disease that share identical genotypic signatures by mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing and a putative epidemiological link, thus providing evidence of possible local transmission of M africanum in Montreal over a 10-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Chakravarti
- Department of Microbiology and Adult Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Hafid Soualhine
- National Reference Centre for Mycobacteriology, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg
| | - Meenu Sharma
- National Reference Centre for Mycobacteriology, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg
| | - Paul Rivest
- Direction de Santé Publique, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Soins et de Services Sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Canada
| | - Louise Poirier
- Department of Microbiology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christian Lavallée
- Department of Microbiology and Adult Infectious Diseases, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Canada
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Abstract
Since its discovery by Theobald Smith, Mycobacterium bovis has been a human pathogen closely related to animal disease. At present, M. bovis tuberculosis is still a problem of importance in many countries and is considered the main cause of zoonotic tuberculosis throughout the world. Recent development of molecular epidemiological tools has helped us to improve our knowledge about transmission patterns of this organism, which causes a disease indistinguishable from that caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Diagnosis and treatment of this mycobacterium are similar to those for conventional tuberculosis, with the important exceptions of constitutive resistance to pyrazinamide and the fact that multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant M. bovis strains have been described. Among other members of this complex, Mycobacterium africanum is the cause of many cases of tuberculosis in West Africa and can be found in other areas mainly in association with immigration. M. bovis BCG is the currently available vaccine for tuberculosis, but it can cause disease in some patients. Other members of the M. tuberculosis complex are mainly animal pathogens with only exceptional cases of human disease, and there are even some strains, like "Mycobacterium canettii," which is a rare human pathogen that could have an important role in the knowledge of the evolution of tuberculosis in the history.
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10
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Yeboah-Manu D, de Jong BC, Gehre F. The Biology and Epidemiology of Mycobacterium africanum. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1019:117-133. [PMID: 29116632 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-64371-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
West Africa is the only region in the world where six out of seven mycobacterial lineages of human importance are endemic. In particular, two evolutionary ancient lineages, Mycobacterium africanum West Africa 1 (MTBC Lineage 5) and M. africanum West Africa 2 (MTBC Lineage 6) are of interest as they cause up to 40% of all pulmonary TB cases in some West African countries. Although these M. africanum lineages are closely related to M. tuberculosis sensu stricto lineages, they differ significantly in respect to biology, epidemiology and in their potential to cause disease in humans. Most importantly the M. africanum lineages are exclusive to West Africa. Although the exact mechanisms underlying this geographical restriction are still not understood, it is increasingly suspected that this is due to an adaptation of the bacteria to West African host populations. In this chapter, we summarize the geographical distribution of the M. africanum lineages within the region, describe biological and clinical differences and the consequent implications for TB control in West Africa. We also try to shed light on the geographical restriction, based on recently published analyses on whole genomes of M. africanum isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
| | | | - Florian Gehre
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit, The Gambia Serrekunda, Gambia
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11
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Sharma A, Bloss E, Heilig CM, Click ES. Tuberculosis Caused by Mycobacterium africanum, United States, 2004-2013. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:396-403. [PMID: 26886258 PMCID: PMC4766873 DOI: 10.3201/eid2203.151505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium africanum is endemic to West Africa and causes tuberculosis (TB). We reviewed reported cases of TB in the United States during 2004-2013 that had lineage assigned by genotype (spoligotype and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit variable number tandem repeats). M. africanum caused 315 (0.4%) of 73,290 TB cases with lineage assigned by genotype. TB caused by M. africanum was associated more with persons from West Africa (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 253.8, 95% CI 59.9-1,076.1) and US-born black persons (aOR 5.7, 95% CI 1.2-25.9) than with US-born white persons. TB caused by M. africanum did not show differences in clinical characteristics when compared with TB caused by M. tuberculosis. Clustered cases defined as >2 cases in a county with identical 24-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit genotypes, were less likely for M. africanum (aOR 0.1, 95% CI 0.1-0.4), which suggests that M. africanum is not commonly transmitted in the United States.
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12
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Mencarini J, Veloci S, Simonetti MT, Carocci A, Meli M, Tortoli E, Rossolini GM, Bartoloni A, Bartalesi F. Two cases of sternal osteomyelitis due to Mycobacterium africanum: a casual or causal association. Int J Mycobacteriol 2016; 5:354-356. [PMID: 27847025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The sternal localization of bone and joint tuberculosis (TB) is rare, has an insidious clinical presentation, and usually affects young adults living in endemic areas. Mycobacterium africanum causes a relevant proportion of human TB in West Africa and in migrants from endemic countries. Here, we report two cases of sternal osteomyelitis due to M. africanum in migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mencarini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Veloci
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Tullia Simonetti
- Tuscany Regional Reference Centre for Mycobacteria, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Carocci
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Meli
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Tortoli
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Tuscany Regional Reference Centre for Mycobacteria, Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bartoloni
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Filippo Bartalesi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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13
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Sales ML, Fonseca AA, Orzil L, Alencar AP, Silva MR, Issa MA, Filho PMS, Lage AP, Heinemann MB. Validation of a real-time PCR assay for the molecular identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 45:1363-9. [PMID: 25763042 PMCID: PMC4323311 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000400029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the major cause of tuberculosis in humans. This bacillus gained prominence with the occurrence of HIV, presenting itself as an important opportunistic infection associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The current study aimed to develop a real-time PCR using Eva Green technology for molecular identification of M. tuberculosis isolates. The primers were designed to Rv1510 gene. Ninety nine samples of M. tuberculosis and sixty samples of M. bovis were tested and no sample of the bovine bacillus was detected by the qPCR. Statistical tests showed no difference between the qPCR and biochemical tests used to identify the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The correlation between tests was perfect with Kappa index of 1.0 (p < 0.001, CI = 0.84 - 1.0). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 100% (CI = 95.94% - 100%) and 100% (CI = 93.98% - 100%). This qPCR was developed with the goal of diagnosing the bacillus M. tuberculosis in samples of bacterial suspension. TB reference laboratories (health and agriculture sectors), public health programs and epidemiological studies probably may benefit from such method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana L. Sales
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas GeraisPedro LeopoldoMGBrazilLaboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Augusto Fonseca
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas GeraisPedro LeopoldoMGBrazilLaboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lívia Orzil
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas GeraisPedro LeopoldoMGBrazilLaboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Padilha Alencar
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas GeraisPedro LeopoldoMGBrazilLaboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brazil.
| | - Marcio Roberto Silva
- EMBRAPA Gado de LeiteJuiz de ForaMGBrazilEMBRAPA Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Marina Azevedo Issa
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas GeraisPedro LeopoldoMGBrazilLaboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Martins Soares Filho
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas GeraisPedro LeopoldoMGBrazilLaboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brazil.
| | - Andrey Pereira Lage
- Escola de VeterináriaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazilEscola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Escola de VeterináriaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazilEscola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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14
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Varón de 41 años con lesiones hepatoesplénicas ocupantes de espacio. Med Clin (Barc) 2014; 142:33-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Ueyama M, Chikamatsu K, Aono A, Murase Y, Kuse N, Morimoto K, Okumura M, Yoshiyama T, Ogata H, Yoshimori K, Kudoh S, Azuma A, Gemma A, Mitarai S. Sub-speciation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from tuberculosis patients in Japan. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2013; 94:15-9. [PMID: 24183617 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the major causative agent of tuberculosis in humans. It is well known that Mycobacterium bovis and other species in the M. tuberculosis complex (MTC) can cause respiratory diseases as zoonosis. We analyzed the MTC isolates collected from tuberculosis patients from Japan in 2002 using a multiplex PCR system that detected cfp32, RD9 and RD12. A total of 970 MTC isolates that were representative of the tuberculosis cases throughout Japan, were examined using this method. As a result, 966 (99.6%) M. tuberculosis, two Mycobacterium africanum and two Mycobacterium canettii were identified using a multiplex PCR system, while no M. bovis was detected. Two isolates that lacked RD9 were initially considered to be M. canettii, but further analysis of the hsp65 sequence revealed them to be M. tuberculosis. Also two M. africanum were identified as M. tuberculosis using the -215 narG nucleotide polymorphism. Though PCR-linked methods have been used for a rapid differentiation of MTC and NTM, from our cases we suggest careful interpretation of RD based identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Ueyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan; Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kinuyo Chikamatsu
- Bacteriology Division, Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan
| | - Akio Aono
- Bacteriology Division, Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Murase
- Molecular Epidemiology Division, Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kuse
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan; Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozo Morimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan; Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Okumura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan; Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan
| | - Hideo Ogata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan
| | - Kozo Yoshimori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan; Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Kudoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan
| | - Arata Azuma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Gemma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mitarai
- Bacteriology Division, Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan
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