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Ghodoosi N, Rasaei N, Goudarzi K, Hashemzadeh M, Dolatshahi S, Omran HS, Amirani N, Ashtary-Larky D, Shimi G, Asbaghi O. The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on glycemic control, adipokines, cytokines, malondialdehyde and liver function enzymes in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Nutr J 2023; 22:47. [PMID: 37794481 PMCID: PMC10552395 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on glycemic control, adipokines, cytokines, malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver function enzymes in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease. METHODS Relevant studies were obtained by searching the PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases (from inception to January 2023). Weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were reported using standard methods. RESULTS A pooled analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) revealed that CLA supplementation led to a significant increment in fasting blood glucose (FBG) (WMD: 4.49 mg/dL; 95%CI: 2.39 to 6.59; P < 0.001), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (WMD: 2.54 IU/L; 95%CI: 0.06 to 5.01; P = 0.044). Moreover, CLA supplementation decreased leptin (WMD: -1.69 ng/ml; 95% CI: -1.80 to -1.58; P < 0.001), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (WMD: -0.44 pg/ml; 95%CI: -0.86 to -0.02; P = 0.037). However, there was no effect on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) adiponectin compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Our findings showed the overall favorable effect of CLA supplementation on the adipokines and cytokines including serum IL-6, and leptin, while increasing FBG and AST. It should be noted that the mentioned metabolic effects of CLA consumption were small and may not reach clinical importance. PROSPERO REGISTERATION COD CRD42023426374.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ghodoosi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kian Goudarzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Hashemzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Dolatshahi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi Omran
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niusha Amirani
- Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Shimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Badawy S, Liu Y, Guo M, Liu Z, Xie C, Marawan MA, Ares I, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez M, Maximiliano JE, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as a functional food: Is it beneficial or not? Food Res Int 2023; 172:113158. [PMID: 37689911 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has attracted great attention in recent years as a popular class of functional food that is broadly used. It refers to a group of geometric and positional isomers of linoleic acid (LA) with a conjugated double bond. The main natural sources of CLA are dairy products, beef and lamb, whereas only trace amounts occur naturally in plant lipids. CLA has been shown to improve various health issues, having effects on obesity, inflammatory, anti-carcinogenicity, atherogenicity, immunomodulation, and osteosynthesis. Also, compared to studies on humans, many animal researches reveal more positive benefits on health. CLA represents a nutritional avenue to improve lifestyle diseases and metabolic syndrome. Most of these effects are attributed to the two major CLA isomers [conjugated linoleic acid cis-9,trans-11 isomer (c9,t11), and conjugated linoleic acid trans-10,cis-12 isomer (t10,c12)], and their mixture (CLA mix). In contrast, adverse effects of CLA have been also reported, such as glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and induction of colon carcinogenesis in humans, as well as milk fat inhibition in ruminants, lowering chicken productivity, influencing egg quality and altering growth performance in fish. This review article aims to discuss the health benefits of CLA as a nutraceutical supplement and highlight the possible mechanisms of action that may contribute to its outcome. It also outlines the feasible adverse effects of CLA besides summarizing the recent peer-reviewed publications on CLA to ensure its efficacy and safety for proper application in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Badawy
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Pathology Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Yanan Liu
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Mingyue Guo
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Changqing Xie
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Marawan A Marawan
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Infectious Diseases, Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge-Enrique Maximiliano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Safari Hasanabad M, Ghorbanlou M, Masoumi R, Shokri S, Rostami B, Mirzaei-Alamouti H, Catt S, Green MP, Nejatbakhsh R. Effects of dietary supplementation of different oils and conjugated linoleic acid on the reproductive and metabolic aspects of male mice. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14598. [PMID: 36161725 DOI: 10.1111/and.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to examine first, if diets enriched with 320 g of the base diet with common dietary oils including fish oil, olive oil, hydrogenated sunflower seed (H-SFS) oil, flaxseed oil and sunflower seed oil (SFS) could induce weight gain and alter reproductive and metabolic characteristics of male mice. Second, whether the addition of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, 10% of the diet) could ameliorate any negative effects. In this cross-sectional study, 90 four-week-old male NMRI mice were used in two consecutive experiments. A high level of dietary oils negatively affected some reproductive and metabolic characteristics of male mice (p < 0.05), specifically, sunflower seed oil enrichment resulted in higher HDL levels and apoptosis of germinal epithelial cells. An olive oil-enriched diet caused an increase in plasma triglyceride concentrations and germinal cell apoptosis, as well as a decrease in sperm concentration and perturbed spermatogenesis. When CLA was fed in conjunction with dietary oils it successfully mitigated some of the negative reproductive and metabolic characteristics. We conclude that male reproductive processes are affected by high dietary oils, even before signs of obesity are evident. Inclusion of dietary CLA may provide some benefit to offset negative effects, although further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrdad Ghorbanlou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Masoumi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saeed Shokri
- School of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Behnam Rostami
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Sally Catt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark P Green
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Reza Nejatbakhsh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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de Brito Medeiros L, Alves SPA, de Bessa RJB, Soares JKB, Costa CNM, de Souza Aquino J, Guerra GCB, de Souza Araújo DF, Toscano LT, Silva AS, Alves AF, Lemos MLP, de Araujo WJ, de Medeiros AN, de Oliveira CJB, de Cassia Ramos do Egypto Queiroga R. Ruminant fat intake improves gut microbiota, serum inflammatory parameter and fatty acid profile in tissues of Wistar rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18963. [PMID: 34556715 PMCID: PMC8460723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that naturally and industrially produced trans-fatty acids can exert distinct effects on metabolic parameters and on gut microbiota of rats. Wistar rats were randomized into three groups according to the diet: CONT-control, with 5% soybean oil and normal amount of fat; HVF-20% of hydrogenated vegetable fat (industrial); and RUM-20% of ruminant fat (natural). After 53 days of treatment, serum biochemical markers, fatty acid composition of liver, heart and adipose tissue, histology and hepatic oxidative parameters, as well as gut microbiota composition were evaluated. HVF diet intake reduced triglycerides (≈ 39.39%) and VLDL levels (≈ 39.49%). Trans-fatty acids levels in all tissue were higher in HVF group. However, RUM diet intake elevated amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (≈ 14.7%) compared to CONT, but not to HVF. Furthermore, RUM intake led to higher concentrations of stearic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in all tissue; this particular diet was associated with a hepatoprotective effect. The microbial gut communities were significantly different among the groups. Our results show that ruminant fat reversed the hepatic steatosis normally caused by high fat diets, which may be related to the remodelling of the gut microbiota and its anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa de Brito Medeiros
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB Brazil
| | - Susana Paula Almeida Alves
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui José Branquinho de Bessa
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares
- grid.411182.f0000 0001 0169 5930Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, CG Brazil
| | - Camila Neves Meireles Costa
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB Brazil
| | - Jailane de Souza Aquino
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB Brazil
| | - Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XDepartment of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Centre, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Daline Fernandes de Souza Araújo
- grid.411233.60000 0000 9687 399XFaculty of Health Sciences of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Santa Cruz, Brazil
| | - Lydiane Tavares Toscano
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Physical Education, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Sérgio Silva
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Physical Education, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Adriano Francisco Alves
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba, João PessoaParaíba, 58051-900 Brazil
| | - Mateus Lacerda Pereira Lemos
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Animal Science, Centre for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB Brazil
| | - Wydemberg José de Araujo
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Animal Science, Centre for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB Brazil
| | - Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Animal Science, Centre for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB Brazil
| | - Celso José Bruno de Oliveira
- grid.411216.10000 0004 0397 5145Department of Animal Science, Centre for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB Brazil
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Chourasia R, Abedin MM, Chiring Phukon L, Sahoo D, Singh SP, Rai AK. Biotechnological approaches for the production of designer cheese with improved functionality. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:960-979. [PMID: 33325160 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cheese is a product of ancient biotechnological practices, which has been revolutionized as a functional food product in many parts of the world. Bioactive compounds, such as peptides, polysaccharides, and fatty acids, have been identified in traditional cheese products, which demonstrate functional properties such as antihypertensive, antioxidant, immunomodulation, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. Besides, cheese-making probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exert a positive impact on gut health, aiding in digestion, and improved nutrient absorption. Advancement in biotechnological research revealed the potential of metabolite production with prebiotics and bioactive functions in several strains of LAB, yeast, and filamentous fungi. The application of specific biocatalyst producing microbial strains enhances nutraceutical value, resulting in designer cheese products with multifarious health beneficial effects. This review summarizes the biotechnological approaches applied in designing cheese products with improved functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rounak Chourasia
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
| | - Md Minhajul Abedin
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
| | - Loreni Chiring Phukon
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
| | - Dinabandhu Sahoo
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India.,Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir P Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, SAS Nagar, Mohali, India
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, India
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Chai BK, Al-Shagga M, Pan Y, Then SM, Ting KN, Loh HS, Mohankumar SK. Cis-9, Trans-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reduces Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Expression and Hepatic Glucose Production in HepG2 Cells. Lipids 2019; 54:369-379. [PMID: 31124166 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated hepatic gluconeogenesis is a hallmark of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although existing drugs have been proven to improve gluconeogenesis, achieving this objective with functional food is of interest, especially using conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) found in dairy products. Both cis-9, trans-11 (c9,t11) and trans-10, cis-12 (t10,c12) isomers of CLA were tested in human (HepG2) and rat (H4IIE) hepatocytes for their potential effects on gluconeogenesis. The hepatocytes exposed for 24 h with 20 μM of c9,t11-CLA had attenuated the gluconeogenesis in both HepG2 and H4IIE by 62.5% and 80.1%, respectively. In contrast, t10,c12-CLA had no effect. Of note, in HepG2 cells, the exposure of c9,t11-CLA decreased the transcription of gluconeogenic enzymes, cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1) by 87.7%, and glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC) by 38.0%, while t10,c12-CLA increased the expression of G6PC, suggesting the isomer-specific effects of CLA on hepatic glucose production. In HepG2, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, rosiglitazone, reduced the glucose production by 72.9%. However, co-administration of c9,t11-CLA and rosiglitazone neither exacerbated nor attenuated the efficacy of rosiglitazone to inhibit glucose production; meanwhile, t10,c12-CLA abrogated the efficacy of rosiglitazone. Paradoxically, PPARγ antagonist GW 9662 also led to 70.2% reduction of glucose production and near undetectable PCK1 expression by abrogating CLA actions. Together, while the precise mechanisms by which CLA isomers modulate hepatic gluconeogenesis directly or via PPAR warrant further investigation, our findings establish that c9,t11-CLA suppresses gluconeogenesis by decreasing PEPCK on hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Kheng Chai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mustafa Al-Shagga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yan Pan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sue-Mian Then
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kang Nee Ting
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hwei-San Loh
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Suresh K Mohankumar
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy (Ooty), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rocklands, Udhagamandalam, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chai BK, Lau YS, Loong BJ, Rais MM, Ting KN, Dharmani DM, Mohankumar SK. Co-administration of conjugated linoleic acid and rosiglitazone increases atherogenic co-efficient and alters isoprenaline-induced vasodilatation in rats fed high fat diet. Physiol Res 2018; 67:729-740. [PMID: 29750886 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cis(c)-9, trans(t)-11 (c9,t11) and t10,c12 isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) have been reported as agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and beneficial in lipidemia and glycemia. However, it is unclear whether CLA isomers enhance or antagonize effects of conventional drugs targeting PPAR. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks and treated without or with CLA, rosiglitazone or both for 4 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance and surrogate markers of insulin resistance were not significantly different for all treatments compared to untreated normal diet (ND) or HFD group, except lipoprotein levels. The combination of CLA and rosiglitazone had suppressed levels of low and high density lipoproteins (46 % and 25 %, respectively), compared to HFD-alone. Conversely, the atherogenic co-efficient of the animals received HFD or HFD+rosiglitazone+CLA was 2-folds higher than ND, HFD+rosiglitazone or HFD+CLA. Isolated aortic rings from the combined CLA and rosiglitazone treated animals were less sensitive to isoprenaline-induced relaxation among endothelium-denuded aortas with a decreased efficacy and potency (R(max)=53+/-4.7 %; pEC50=6+/-0.2) compared to endothelium-intact aortas (R(max)=100+/-9.9 %; pEC50=7+/-0.2). Our findings illustrate that the combination of CLA and rosiglitazone precede the atherogenic state with impaired endothelium-independent vasodilatation before the onset of HFD-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Chai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia. TIFAC CORE Herbal Drugs JSS College of Pharmacy, Jagadguru Sri Shivrathreeshwara University, Mysuru, India. or
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Rodríguez-Alcalá LM, Ares I, Fontecha J, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Absorption Kinetics of the Main Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers in Commercial-Rich Oil after Oral Administration in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7680-7686. [PMID: 28789519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the oral absorption and plasma kinetics of two main isomers contained in commercial conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-rich oil (Tonalin TG-80), rumenic acid (RA), and C18:2 trans-10, cis-12. The isomer plasma disposition after the single oral dose of 3000 mg of Tonalin TG-80/kg, containing 1200 mg/kg of each isomer, was studied in rats. The isomer plasma concentrations were determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The plasma kinetics showed rapid oral absorption of RA and C18:2 trans-10, cis-12 (t1/2a 0.34 ± 0.09 and 0.53 ± 0.01 h) and slow elimination (t1/2β 25.68 ± 3.29 and 18.12 ± 1.71 h); the maximal isomer plasma concentrations (Cmax) of 8.48 ± 0.98 and 7.67 ± 0.80 μg mL-1, respectively, were estimated at 2.08 ± 0.14 and 2.26 ± 0.11 h. Our results from a preclinical kinetic study in rats help to design future studies in humans for evaluating the CLA isomer dose-response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M Rodríguez-Alcalá
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Campus de Cantoblanco de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O' Higgins , Fábrica 1990, Segundo Piso, Santiago de Chile 8320000, Chile
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Javier Fontecha
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Campus de Cantoblanco de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid 28040, Spain
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9
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Balci Yuce H, Akbulut N, Ocakli S, Kayir O, Elmastas M. The effect of commercial conjugated linoleic acid products on experimental periodontitis and diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats. Acta Odontol Scand 2017; 75:21-29. [PMID: 27897090 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2016.1244355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of present study was to determine the effects of conjugated linoleic acid enriched milk on alveolar bone loss, hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and apoptosis in ligature-induced periodontal disease in diabetic rat model. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into six experimental groups: 1; non-ligated (NL, n = 6) group, 2; ligature only (LO, n = 6) group, 3; streptozotocin only (STZ, n = 8) group, 4; STZ and ligature (STZ + L, n = 8) group, 5; ligature and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (L + CLA, n = 8) group, 6; STZ, ligature and CLA group (STZ + L + CLA, n = 8) group. Diabetes mellitus was induced by 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. Rats were fed with CLA enriched milk for four weeks. Silk ligatures were placed at the gingival margin of lower first molars of mandibular quadrant. The study duration was four weeks after diabetes induction and the animals were sacrificed at the end of this period. Changes in alveolar bone levels were clinically measured and tissues were histopathologically examined. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Bax protein expressions, serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride levels and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)+ osteoclast numbers were also evaluated. RESULTS At the end of four weeks, alveolar bone loss was significantly higher in the STZ + LO group compared to the other groups (p < .05). CLA decreased alveolar bone loss in L + CLA and STZ + L + CLA groups. CLA significantly decreased TRAP + osteoclast numbers and increased osteoblastic activity compared to the STZ + L group (p < .05). Diabetes and CLA increased Bax protein levels (p < .05) however CLA had no effect on iNOS expression (p > .05). CONCLUSION Within the limits of this study, commercial CLA product administration in addition to diet significantly reduced alveolar bone loss, increased osteoblastic activity and decreased osteoclastic activity in the diabetic Wistar rats.
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Aburasayn H, Al Batran R, Ussher JR. Targeting ceramide metabolism in obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E423-35. [PMID: 27382035 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00133.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health concern that increases the risk for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular disease. Thus, an enormous research effort has been invested into understanding how obesity-associated dyslipidemia and obesity-induced alterations in lipid metabolism increase the risk for these diseases. Accordingly, it has been proposed that the accumulation of lipid metabolites in organs such as the liver, skeletal muscle, and heart is critical to these obesity-induced pathologies. Ceramide is one such lipid metabolite that accumulates in tissues in response to obesity, and both pharmacological and genetic strategies that reduce tissue ceramide levels yield salutary actions on overall metabolic health. We will review herein why ceramide accumulates in tissues during obesity and how an increase in intracellular ceramide impacts cellular signaling and function as well as potential mechanisms by which reducing intracellular ceramide levels improves insulin resistance, T2D, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Because a reduction in skeletal muscle ceramide levels is frequently associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity in humans, the beneficial findings reported for reducing ceramides in preclinical studies may have clinical application in humans. Therefore, modulating ceramide metabolism may be a novel, exciting target for preventing and/or treating obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanin Aburasayn
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rami Al Batran
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Kim Y, Kim J, Whang KY, Park Y. Impact of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism. Lipids 2016; 51:159-78. [PMID: 26729488 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has garnered special attention as a food bioactive compound that prevents and attenuates obesity. Although most studies on the effects of CLA on obesity have focused on the reduction of body fat, a number of studies have demonstrated that CLA also increases lean body mass and enhances physical performances. It has been suggested that these effects may be due in part to physiological changes in the skeletal muscle, such as changes in the muscle fiber type transformation, alteration of the intracellular signaling pathways in muscle metabolism, or energy metabolism. However, the mode of action for CLA in muscle metabolism is not completely understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the effects of CLA on skeletal muscle metabolism. Given that CLA not only reduces body fat, but also improves lean mass, there is great potential for the use of CLA to improve muscle metabolism, which would have a significant health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Kim
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Jonggun Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Youn Whang
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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