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Williamson AA, Uwah EA, Min J, Zhang X, Griffis H, Cielo CM, Tapia IE, Fiks AG, Mindell JA. Diagnosis of sleep disorders in child healthcare settings. Sleep Med 2024; 119:80-87. [PMID: 38657437 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep disorders impact at least 10 % of children, pose risks to overall wellbeing, and are key targets of preventive interventions. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of pediatric sleep disorder diagnoses across sociodemographic characteristics and co-occurring conditions, and to explore potential sociodemographic disparities. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of 12,394,902 children (0-17 years; 50.9 % Medicaid-insured) in the 2017 MarketScan database. Prevalence was assessed utilizing ICD-10 codes, with multivariate logistic regressions examining disparities (insurance coverage; race and ethnicity in Medicaid-insured) for diagnoses in ≥0.10 % of children. RESULTS The prevalence of sleep disorder diagnoses was 2.36 %. The most common diagnoses were obstructive sleep disordered breathing (oSDB, 1.17 %), unspecified sleep disorders (0.64 %), insomnia (0.52 %), and other SDB (0.10 %), with <0.10 % for all other diagnoses. Insomnia and parasomnias diagnoses were much lower than diagnostic estimates. Sleep diagnoses were more prevalent in Medicaid versus commercially insured youth, 2-5-year-olds, and in children with co-occurring medical, neurodevelopmental, or behavioral health conditions. Girls and boys were generally equally likely to be diagnosed with any sleep disorder. In Medicaid-insured children, white children were more likely to have any sleep diagnosis compared to all other racial and ethnic groups. Black/African American children were more likely than white children to have oSDB. CONCLUSIONS Compared to diagnostic estimates, claims data suggest sleep disorders are under-diagnosed, with notable sociodemographic disparities. Findings suggest a need for clinical resources to identify and address sleep disorders and to understand biases potentially driving disparities, given that sleep is a modifiable determinant of child wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Williamson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; The Ballmer Institute for Children's Behavioral Health, University of Oregon, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Eberechukwu A Uwah
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jungwon Min
- Data Science and Biostatistics Unit, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Data Science and Biostatistics Unit, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heather Griffis
- Data Science and Biostatistics Unit, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher M Cielo
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ignacio E Tapia
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alexander G Fiks
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jodi A Mindell
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Whitney K, Felt B, Collins-Anderson A, Bonuck K. The Feasibility of Screening for Sleep Problems in Early Childhood Education Programs. Behav Sleep Med 2024; 22:28-38. [PMID: 36751036 PMCID: PMC10404644 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2023.2177294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assess the feasibility and staff experience of screening for behavioral sleep problems (BSP) and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in early childhood education (ECE) settings; examine BSP/SDB prevalence and caregivers' knowledge/attitudes, perception of child sleep problems, and sleep health engagement in this sample. METHOD Eight staff representatives from four ECE sites involved with sleep problem screening procedures within a larger RCT on ECE sleep health, discussed their experiences in a focus group; transcript content reviewed. A random subset of caregiver-child dyads (n = 59) from the four ECE sites completed sleep problem measures (BSP: Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, Short form [SF-CSHQ], Tayside Children's Sleep Questionnaire [TCSQ-sleep disturbance and difficulty] and SDB: Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire [PSQ], in addition to RCT measures (Parent Knowledge/Attitude/Self-efficacy/Beliefs survey and sleep health goals). Caregiver sleep health engagement was measured by the sleep health goals set. RESULTS ECE staff reported sleep problem screening as self-explanatory and doable but sometimes administratively burdensome. BSPs were identified in 44% (SF-CSHQ) to 63% (TCSQ-sleep disturbance) of children; SDBs in 13%. Only 11% of caregivers endorsed their child having a sleep "difficulty" (TCSQ). Sleep health goals were set by 85% of caregivers; 63% employed educational materials' language. CONCLUSION Sleep problem screening in ECE is feasible, and problems are elicited. While caregivers readily engage in setting healthy sleep goals, few endorse sleep as difficult. ECE education could improve caregiver understanding/recognition of sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Whitney
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY
| | - Barbara Felt
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Karen Bonuck
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY
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3
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Gueye-Ndiaye S, Williamson AA, Redline S. Disparities in Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Upstream Risk Factors, Mechanisms, and Implications. Clin Chest Med 2023; 44:585-603. [PMID: 37517837 PMCID: PMC10513750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) refers to a spectrum of disorders ranging from habitual snoring without frank episodes of obstructed breathing or desaturation during sleep to obstructive sleep apnea, where apneas and hypopneas repetitively occur with resultant intermittent hypoxia, arousal, and sleep disruption. Disparities in SDB reflect its overall high prevalence in children and adults from racially and ethnically minoritized or low socioeconomic status backgrounds coupled with high rates of underdiagnosis and suboptimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyni Gueye-Ndiaye
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ariel A Williamson
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South Street Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Honaker SM, Gopalkrishnan A, Brann M, Wiehe S, Clark AA, Chung A. “It made all the difference”: a qualitative study of parental experiences with pediatric obstructive sleep apnea detection. J Clin Sleep Med 2022; 18:1921-1931. [PMID: 35499142 PMCID: PMC9340584 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To assess parental experience of their child's obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) detection process and inform the development of interventions and health communication strategies to improve OSA detection. METHODS Semistructured interviews were conducted with 30 parents of children (ages 3-14) who snored and were referred for an overnight polysomnogram (PSG). Parents (60.0% Black race, 93.3% mothers) described how their child was referred for PSG and their perceptions and feelings throughout the detection process. Parents also completed an OSA knowledge measure. Interview data were analyzed using a descriptive approach and thematic analysis was conducted using the NVivo 12 software system. RESULTS Twenty-one themes were identified across 5 categories (first steps; PSG facilitators and barriers; health information; health care experiences; parent experiences). Respondents experienced multiple pathways to OSA detection, with more than half of referrals initiated by parental concerns (vs. screening efforts). Parents reported a willingness to take any necessary steps to help their child. Both barriers and facilitators to completing a PSG were described. Parents observed both nighttime and daytime symptoms related to OSA in their child but often did not connect the symptoms to each other until later in the process. Participants had varying degrees of OSA knowledge, with a mean knowledge score of 56% correct (range 10%-90% correct). CONCLUSIONS Parental experiences highlight aspects of the health care system that are both effective and ineffective in detecting children with OSA. Implications include a need for strategies to promote timely detection and to provide parents with accurate information about pediatric OSA. CITATION Honaker SM, Gopalkrishnan A, Brann M, Wiehe S, Clark AA, Chung A. "It made all the difference": a qualitative study of parental experiences ith pediatric obstructive sleep apnea detection. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(8):1921-1931.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Honaker
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Akila Gopalkrishnan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch
| | - Maria Brann
- Department of Communication Studies, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis
| | - Sarah Wiehe
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ann A. Clark
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alicia Chung
- Center for Early Childhood Health and Development, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine
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Willis VC, Thomas Craig KJ, Jabbarpour Y, Scheufele EL, Arriaga YE, Ajinkya M, Rhee KB, Bazemore A. Digital Health Interventions to Enhance Prevention in Primary Care: Scoping Review. JMIR Med Inform 2022; 10:e33518. [PMID: 35060909 PMCID: PMC8817213 DOI: 10.2196/33518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disease prevention is a central aspect of primary care practice and is comprised of primary (eg, vaccinations), secondary (eg, screenings), tertiary (eg, chronic condition monitoring), and quaternary (eg, prevention of overmedicalization) levels. Despite rapid digital transformation of primary care practices, digital health interventions (DHIs) in preventive care have yet to be systematically evaluated. Objective This review aimed to identify and describe the scope and use of current DHIs for preventive care in primary care settings. Methods A scoping review to identify literature published from 2014 to 2020 was conducted across multiple databases using keywords and Medical Subject Headings terms covering primary care professionals, prevention and care management, and digital health. A subgroup analysis identified relevant studies conducted in US primary care settings, excluding DHIs that use the electronic health record (EHR) as a retrospective data capture tool. Technology descriptions, outcomes (eg, health care performance and implementation science), and study quality as per Oxford levels of evidence were abstracted. Results The search yielded 5274 citations, of which 1060 full-text articles were identified. Following a subgroup analysis, 241 articles met the inclusion criteria. Studies primarily examined DHIs among health information technologies, including EHRs (166/241, 68.9%), clinical decision support (88/241, 36.5%), telehealth (88/241, 36.5%), and multiple technologies (154/241, 63.9%). DHIs were predominantly used for tertiary prevention (131/241, 54.4%). Of the core primary care functions, comprehensiveness was addressed most frequently (213/241, 88.4%). DHI users were providers (205/241, 85.1%), patients (111/241, 46.1%), or multiple types (89/241, 36.9%). Reported outcomes were primarily clinical (179/241, 70.1%), and statistically significant improvements were common (192/241, 79.7%). Results were summarized across the following 5 topics for the most novel/distinct DHIs: population-centered, patient-centered, care access expansion, panel-centered (dashboarding), and application-driven DHIs. The quality of the included studies was moderate to low. Conclusions Preventive DHIs in primary care settings demonstrated meaningful improvements in both clinical and nonclinical outcomes, and across user types; however, adoption and implementation in the US were limited primarily to EHR platforms, and users were mainly clinicians receiving alerts regarding care management for their patients. Evaluations of negative results, effects on health disparities, and many other gaps remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van C Willis
- Center for Artificial Intelligence, Research, and Evaluation, IBM Watson Health, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kelly Jean Thomas Craig
- Center for Artificial Intelligence, Research, and Evaluation, IBM Watson Health, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Yalda Jabbarpour
- Policy Studies in Family Medicine and Primary Care, The Robert Graham Center, American Academy of Family Physicians, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Elisabeth L Scheufele
- Center for Artificial Intelligence, Research, and Evaluation, IBM Watson Health, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Yull E Arriaga
- Center for Artificial Intelligence, Research, and Evaluation, IBM Watson Health, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Monica Ajinkya
- Policy Studies in Family Medicine and Primary Care, The Robert Graham Center, American Academy of Family Physicians, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kyu B Rhee
- Center for Artificial Intelligence, Research, and Evaluation, IBM Watson Health, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Andrew Bazemore
- The American Board of Family Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
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Bariani RCB, Guimaraes TM, Moura W, Cappellette Junior M, Tufik S, Moreira GA, Fujita RR. Quality of life related to residual snoring after adenotonsillectomy: a pilot study. Sleep Sci 2021; 14:330-336. [PMID: 35087629 PMCID: PMC8776272 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have addressed long-term quality of life related to residual snoring after adenotonsillectomy. The aim of this study was to compare scores from the OSA-18 questionnaire between children with residual snoring and non-snoring children two or more years after adenotonsillectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The sample comprised 25 children divided into two groups, a group of 14 snoring children, and a control group of 11 non-snoring children. The OSA-18 questionnaire was applied to the volunteers. In the control group, it was completed by the caregivers of the children, while in individuals with residual snoring it was completed by the caregivers of children in the presence of a doctor or dentist. A statistical comparison was made using a generalized linear model. RESULTS The snorer group had a higher total OSA-18 score, and a higher score in all five domains compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Children with residual snoring two or more years after adenotonsillectomy may have a worse quality of life compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Catia Brás Bariani
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of
Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
| | - Thais Moura Guimaraes
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de
Psicobiologia - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
| | - Wilana Moura
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ortodontia -
São Paulo - SP - Brazil
| | - Mario Cappellette Junior
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of
Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de
Psicobiologia - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
| | - Gustavo A. Moreira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de
Psicobiologia - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Raimundo Fujita
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of
Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
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