1
|
Winegar R. Promoting healthy sleep among older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 58:298-303. [PMID: 38850995 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
As people age, their sleep patterns and needs naturally change in response to developmental and health-related factors. However, attaining sufficient restorative sleep remains crucial for overall well-being in older adults. This manuscript provides an overview of common sleep alterations that tend to emerge with advancing age, such as shifts in circadian rhythms, decreases in deeper sleep stages, fragmented sleep architecture and an association between comorbidities and sleep disruption. Practical recommendations that target environmental, behavioral and lifestyle modifications may optimize sleep initiation, maintenance, and duration for the older population. By enhancing understanding of the sleep changes that occur in the aged population, geriatric nurses are better able to provide respectful, patient-centered care to older adults that are experiencing sleep difficulties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda Winegar
- Graduate Faculty, University of Texas at Arlington, Rhonda Winegar, 5904 Abilene Trail, Austin, Texas, 78749, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Roach ST, Ford MC, Simhambhatla V, Loutrianakis V, Farah H, Li Z, Periandri EM, Abdalla D, Huang I, Kalra A, Shaw PJ. Sleep deprivation, sleep fragmentation, and social jet lag increase temperature preference in Drosophila. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1175478. [PMID: 37274220 PMCID: PMC10237294 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1175478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that sleep deprivation substantially affects the way animals regulate their body temperature, the specific mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not well understood. In both mammals and flies, neural circuits regulating sleep and thermoregulation overlap, suggesting an interdependence that may be relevant for sleep function. To investigate this relationship further, we exposed flies to 12 h of sleep deprivation, or 48 h of sleep fragmentation and evaluated temperature preference in a thermal gradient. Flies exposed to 12 h of sleep deprivation chose warmer temperatures after sleep deprivation. Importantly, sleep fragmentation, which prevents flies from entering deeper stages of sleep, but does not activate sleep homeostatic mechanisms nor induce impairments in short-term memory also resulted in flies choosing warmer temperatures. To identify the underlying neuronal circuits, we used RNAi to knock down the receptor for Pigment dispersing factor, a peptide that influences circadian rhythms, temperature preference and sleep. Expressing UAS-PdfrRNAi in subsets of clock neurons prevented sleep fragmentation from increasing temperature preference. Finally, we evaluated temperature preference after flies had undergone a social jet lag protocol which is known to disrupt clock neurons. In this protocol, flies experience a 3 h light phase delay on Friday followed by a 3 h light advance on Sunday evening. Flies exposed to social jet lag exhibited an increase in temperature preference which persisted for several days. Our findings identify specific clock neurons that are modulated by sleep disruption to increase temperature preference. Moreover, our data indicate that temperature preference may be a more sensitive indicator of sleep disruption than learning and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Tanner Roach
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Melanie C. Ford
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Vikram Simhambhatla
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Vasilios Loutrianakis
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hamza Farah
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Zhaoyi Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Erica M. Periandri
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Dina Abdalla
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Irene Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Arjan Kalra
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Paul J. Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schinkelshoek MS, Fronczek R, de Boer AFJ, de Wit K, Tannemaat MR, Lammers GJ. Warm ears, a red flag for sleepiness? J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13707. [PMID: 35997128 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Core body and skin temperatures are intimately linked to sleep and alertness. The distal-to-proximal skin temperature gradient has been described as a good physiological predictor for sleep onset. Increased ear skin temperature is often caused by increased blood flow reflected in redness, which is commonly noticed in people who are sleepy, especially anecdotally in children. Nonetheless, no prior study investigated the possible relation between sleepiness and ear skin temperature as a separate measurement. We assessed the relation between ear skin temperature and sleepiness in patients undergoing regular electroencephalographic examinations, because of suspicion of epilepsy, both without and after sleep deprivation. Subjective sleepiness was measured using the Stanford Sleepiness Scale, and objective sleepiness by determining sleep onset with electroencephalography. Distal, proximal and ear skin temperature were measured repeatedly using wireless measurement devices (iButtons). Forty-four adult patients were included. Ear skin temperature correlates weakly with distal skin temperature (r = 0.174, p < 0.001) and distal-to-proximal gradient (r = 0.160, p < 0.001), but not with proximal skin temperature (r = -0.001, p = 0.975). Ear skin temperature increased significantly in a subgroup of 13 patients, between 5 and 1 min before sleep onset (p = 0.002; η2 = 0.059), even though this increase was also associated with supine posture. iButtons is a valid method to measure ear skin temperature, which appears to function partly like a distal and partly like a proximal skin temperature measurement. Change in ear skin temperature is associated with sleep onset and supine posture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mink S Schinkelshoek
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Sleep-Wake Center, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf Fronczek
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Sleep-Wake Center, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Anke F J de Boer
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kay de Wit
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn R Tannemaat
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J Lammers
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Sleep-Wake Center, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baek Y, Jung K, Kim H, Lee S. Partial sleep restriction-induced changes in stress, quality of life, and lipid metabolism in relation to cold hypersensitivity: A before-and-after intervention study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31933. [PMID: 36401418 PMCID: PMC9678581 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are associated with cold hypersensitivity (CH) and characterized by excessive cold sensation in specific body parts and cold thermal discomfort. This study investigated the effects of short-term sleep restriction followed by a recovery phase on subjective health status, inflammation, and lipid metabolism in different types of CH. A total of 118 healthy adults aged 35 to 44 years without sleep disturbances were enrolled. Participants underwent 4-hour sleep restrictions per day for 3 days at a hospital and then returned to their daily lives for 4 days of rest. CH was assessed using a structured questionnaire with eight characteristic symptoms. A questionnaire and blood tests were administered baseline, after sleep restriction, and follow-up to assess cortisol, lipid profiles, and self-reported stress and quality of life (QOL). Participants were divided into CH (44.1%) and non-CH (55.9%) groups. The CH group showed increased stress, impaired QOL, and decreased low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels compared to the non-CH group after sleep restriction. The variance for QOL (effect size = 0.07), subjective stress (effect size = 0.053), and LDL-C (effect size = 0.029) among time points depended on the group. Short-term sleep restriction was associated with deterioration of subjective health and reduced lipid metabolism; such changes were more evident in the CH group. Our findings suggest the need to consider an individual's CH status to assess the clinical risk associated with insufficient sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Younghwa Baek
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungsik Jung
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoseok Kim
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Siwoo Lee
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Siwoo Lee, KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kayser KC, Puig VA, Estepp JR. Predicting and mitigating fatigue effects due to sleep deprivation: A review. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:930280. [PMID: 35992930 PMCID: PMC9389006 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.930280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The deleterious effects of insufficient sleep have been well-established in the literature and can lead to a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Some of the most replicated findings demonstrate significant declines in cognitive functions such as vigilance and executive attention, psychomotor and cognitive speed, and working memory. Consequently, these decrements often lead individuals who are in a fatigued state to engage in substandard performance on everyday tasks. In the interest of curtailing these effects, prior work has attempted to identify mechanisms that predict fatigue onset and develop techniques to mitigate its negative consequences. Nonetheless, these results are often confounded by variables such as an individual’s resistance to fatigue, sleep history, and unclear distinctions about whether certain performance decrements are present due to fatigue or due to other confounding factors. Similar areas of research have provided approaches to produce models for the prediction of cognitive performance decrements due to fatigue through the use of multi-modal recording and analysis of fatigue-related responses. Namely, gathering and combining response information from multiple sources (i.e., physiological and behavioral) at multiple timescales may provide a more comprehensive representation of what constitutes fatigue onset in the individual. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss the relevant literature on the topic of fatigue-related performance effects with a special emphasis on a variety of physiological and behavioral response variables that have shown to be sensitive to changes in fatigue. Furthermore, an increasing reliance on sleep loss, meant to assist in meeting the demands of modern society, has led to an upsurge in the relevance of identifying dependable countermeasures for fatigued states. As such, we will also review methods for the mitigation of performance effects due to fatigue and discuss their usefulness in regulating these effects. In sum, this review aims to inspire future work that will create opportunities to detect fatigue and mitigate its effects prior to the onset of cognitive impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie C. Kayser
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, United States
| | - Vannia A. Puig
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, United States
| | - Justin R. Estepp
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Justin R. Estepp,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Machado NL, Todd WD, Kaur S, Saper CB. Median preoptic GABA and glutamate neurons exert differential control over sleep behavior. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2011-2021.e3. [PMID: 35385692 PMCID: PMC9090993 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) of the hypothalamus plays an important role in regulating the wake-sleep cycle and, in particular, homeostatic sleep drive. However, the precise cellular phenotypes, targets, and central mechanisms by which the MnPO neurons regulate the wake-sleep cycle remain unknown. Both excitatory and inhibitory MnPO neurons innervate brain regions implicated in sleep promotion and maintenance, suggesting that both cell types may participate in sleep control. Using genetically targeted approaches, we investigated the role of the MnPO GABAergic (MnPOVgat) and glutamatergic (MnPOVglut2) neurons in modulating wake-sleep behavior of mice. We found that both neuron populations differentially participate in wake-sleep control, with MnPOVgat neurons being involved in sleep homeostasis and MnPOVglut2 neurons facilitating sleep during allostatic (stressful) challenges.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bach V, Abbiss CR, Libert JP, McCabe SM. Skin Temperatures of Back or Neck Are Better Than Abdomen for Indication of Average Proximal Skin Temperature During Sleep of School-Aged Children. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:494528. [PMID: 33061911 PMCID: PMC7530240 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.494528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The tight association between sleep, body temperature regulation, and patterns of skin temperature change highlights the necessity for accurate and valid assessment of skin temperatures during sleep. With increased interest in this functional relationship in infants and children, it is important to identify where to best measure proximal skin temperature and whether it is possible to reduce the number of sites of measures, in order to limit the experimental effects in natural settings. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the most suitable single skin temperature sites for representation of average proximal skin temperature during sleep of school aged children. METHODS Statistical analyses were applied to skin temperature data of 22 children, aged 6 to 12 years, measured over four consecutive school nights in their home settings, to compare single site measures of abdomen, back, neck, forehead and subclavicular skin temperatures (local temperatures) with average proximal skin temperatures. RESULTS Abdomen and forehead skin temperatures were significantly different (respectively higher and lower) to the other local proximal temperatures and to average proximal skin temperatures. Moreover, the time pattern of forehead temperature was very different from that of the other local temperatures. CONCLUSIONS Local forehead and abdomen skin temperatures are least suitable as single site representations of average proximal skin temperatures in school aged children when considering both the level and the time course pattern of the temperature across the night. Conversely, back and neck temperatures provide most fitting representation of average proximal skin temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bach
- Peritox, UMR_I 01, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Chris R Abbiss
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | | | - Susan M McCabe
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bañuelos S, Best J, Huguet G, Prieto-Langarica A, Pyzza PB, Wilson S. Modeling the long term effects of thermoregulation on human sleep. J Theor Biol 2020; 493:110208. [PMID: 32087179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The connection between human sleep and energy exertion has long been regarded as part of the reasoning for the need to sleep. A recent theory proposes that during REM sleep, energy utilized for thermoregulation is diverted to other relevant biological processes. We present a mathematical model of human sleep/wake regulation with thermoregulatory functions to gain quantitative insight into the effects of ambient temperature on sleep quality. Our model extends previous models by incorporating equations for the metabolic processes that control thermoregulation during sleep. We present numerical simulations that provide a quantitative answer for how humans adjust by changing the normal sleep stage progression when it is challenged with ambient temperatures away from thermoneutral. We explore the dynamics for a single night and several nights. Our results indicate that including the effects of temperature is a vital component of modeling sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selenne Bañuelos
- Department of Mathematics, California State University-Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, United States.
| | - Janet Best
- Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
| | - Gemma Huguet
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alicia Prieto-Langarica
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH, United States.
| | - Pamela B Pyzza
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, United States.
| | - Shelby Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Molina E, Sanabria D, Jung TP, Correa Á. Electroencephalographic and peripheral temperature dynamics during a prolonged psychomotor vigilance task. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2019; 126:198-208. [PMID: 29061281 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Attention lapses and fatigue are a main source of impaired performance that can lead to accidents. This study analyzed electroencephalographic (EEG) dynamics and body skin temperature as markers of attentional fluctuations in non-sleep deprived subjects during a 45min Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). Independent Component Analysis and time-frequency analysis were used to evaluate the EEG data. Results showed a positive association between distal and distal-to-proximal gradient (DPG) temperatures and reaction time (RT); increments in EEG power in alpha-, theta- and beta-band frequencies in parieto-occipital, central-medial and frontal components, were associated with poor performance (slower RT) in the task. This generalized power increment fits with an increased activity in the default mode network, associated with attention lapses. This study highlights the potential use of the PVT as a tool to obtain individual physiological indices of vigilance and fatigue that could be applied to other vigilance tasks typically performed in occupational settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Molina
- Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Daniel Sanabria
- Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Tzyy-Ping Jung
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Ángel Correa
- Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schwarz J, Axelsson J, Gerhardsson A, Tamm S, Fischer H, Kecklund G, Åkerstedt T. Mood impairment is stronger in young than in older adults after sleep deprivation. J Sleep Res 2018; 28:e12801. [PMID: 30585371 PMCID: PMC7379256 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation commonly impairs affective regulation and causes worse mood. However, the majority of previous research concerns young adults. Because susceptibility to sleep deprivation and emotion regulation change distinctively across adult age, we tested here the hypothesis that the effect of sleep deprivation on mood is stronger in young than in older adults. In an experimental design, young (18–30 years) and older adults (60–72 years) participated in either a sleep control (young, n = 63; older, n = 47) or a total sleep deprivation condition (young, n = 61; older, n = 47). Sleepiness, mood and common symptoms of sleep deprivation were measured using established questionnaires and ratings. Sleep‐deprived participants felt more sleepy, stressed and cold, and reported lower vigour and positive affect, regardless of age. All the other outcome measures (negative affect, depression, confusion, tension, anger, fatigue, total mood disturbance, hunger, cognitive attenuation, irritability) showed a weaker response to sleep deprivation in the older group, as indicated by age*sleep deprivation interactions (ps < 0.05). The results show that older adults are emotionally less affected by sleep deprivation than young adults. This tolerance was mainly related to an attenuated increase in negative mood. This could possibly be related to the well‐known positivity effect, which suggests that older adults prioritize regulating their emotions to optimize well‐being. The results also highlight that caution is warranted when generalizing results from sleep deprivation studies across the adult lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Schwarz
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Axelsson
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sandra Tamm
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Fischer
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Kecklund
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Åkerstedt
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McCabe SM, Elliott C, Langdon K, Abbiss CR. Patterns and reliability of children's skin temperature prior to and during sleep in the home setting. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:292-301. [PMID: 29885918 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between patterns of change in skin temperature and sleep is well recognized. In particular, there is a rapid rise in distal skin temperature (Tdistal) and slower rise in proximal skin temperature (Tproximal) prior to sleep onset. The difference between Tdistal and Tproximal is known as the distal-proximal gradient (DPG). Rise in DPG is known as a measure of distal vasodilation, which contributes to the drop in core body temperature (Tcore) that is important to sleep onset and maintenance. Patterns of change in skin temperature before and during sleep are reported for neonates, infants, adults and elderly, however they are not known for school aged children. Therefore, the current observational study aimed to determine the patterns and reliability of skin temperatures (Tskin) and DPG in relation to sleep of school aged children in their home settings. Participants (22 children, aged 6-12) completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and used Thermochron iButtons and actigraphy for four school nights in their typical sleep settings. There were evident patterns of Tskin change before and during sleep. In particular, Tdistal was lower but rose more rapidly than Tproximal after reported bedtime and prior to sleep onset. This reflected a timely rise in DPG, and shows that distal vasodilation precedes sleep onset in school aged children. The measures of Tskin and sleep were practical for children in their home settings, and the observed patterns were consistent across consecutive school nights. Environmental and behavioural strategies that manage skin temperature before and during sleep should be explored for their potential as valuable components of treatment of childhood insomnia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M McCabe
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
| | - Catherine Elliott
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Katherine Langdon
- Department of Paediatric Rehabilitation, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, Australia
| | - Chris R Abbiss
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sixtus RP, Galland BC, Cotter JD. Foot cooling does not improve vigilance but may transiently reduce sleepiness. J Sleep Res 2018; 28:e12701. [PMID: 29749043 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Temperature of the skin (TSk ) and core (TC ) play key roles in sleep-wake regulation. The diurnal combination of low TSk and high TC facilitates alertness, whereas the transition to high TSk and low TC correlates with sleepiness. Sleepiness and deteriorating vigilance are induced with peripheral warming, whereas peripheral cooling appears to transiently improve vigilance in narcolepsy. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that foot cooling would maintain vigilance during extended wakefulness in healthy adults. Nine healthy young adult participants with habitually normal sleep completed three constant-routine trials in randomized crossover order. Trials began at 22:30 hours, and involved continuous mild foot cooling (30°C), moderate foot cooling (25°C) or no foot cooling, while undertaking six × 10-min Psychomotor Vigilance Tasks and seven × 7-min Karolinska Drowsiness Tasks, interspersed with questionnaires of sleepiness and thermal perceptions. Foot temperatures in control, mild and moderate cooling averaged 34.5 ± 0.5°C, 30.8 ± 0.2°C and 26.4 ± 0.1°C (all p < .01), while upper-limb temperatures remained stable (34-35°C) and TC declined (approximately -0.12°C per hr) regardless of trial (p = .84). Foot cooling did not improve vigilance (repeated-measures-ANOVA interaction for response speed: p = .45), but transiently reduced subjective sleepiness (-0.8 ± 0.8; p = .004). Participants felt cooler throughout cooling trials, but thermal comfort was unaffected (p = .43), as were almost all Karolinska Drowsiness Tasks' encephalographic parameters. In conclusion, mild or moderate cooling of the feet did not attenuate declines in vigilance or core temperature of healthy young adults during the period of normal sleep onset and early sleep, and any effect on sleepiness was small and transient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Sixtus
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Division of Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barbara C Galland
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - James D Cotter
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Division of Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Martinez-Nicolas A, Guaita M, Santamaría J, Montserrat JM, Rol MÁ, Madrid JA. Circadian Impairment of Distal Skin Temperature Rhythm in Patients With Sleep-Disordered Breathing: The Effect of CPAP. Sleep 2018; 40:3748299. [PMID: 28444396 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Study objectives Our aim was to evaluate the circadian rhythm of distal skin temperature (DST) in sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), its relation to excessive daytime sleepiness and the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on DST. Methods Eighty SDB patients (53.1 ± 1.2 years old, 27.6% women) and 67 healthy participants (52.3 ± 1.6 years old, 26.9% women) wore a temperature data logger for 1 week. On the last day of that week, SDB patients underwent a polysomnography followed by a Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT), Multiple Sleep Latency Test, and Sustained Attention to Response Task protocol to objectively quantify daytime sleepiness. A subset of 21 moderate to severe SDB patients were treated with CPAP during at least 3 months and revaluated with the same procedure. A nonparametric analysis was performed to characterize DST to assess differences between groups and associations among DST, polysomnography, and daytime sleepiness measures. Results SDB patients showed an unstable, fragmented, flattened, phase-advanced, and less robust DST rhythm as compared to healthy participants. The more severe the SDB, the worse the DST pattern was, as indicated by the correlation coefficient. Sleepiness, according to MWT sleep latencies, was also associated with the higher fragmentation, lower amplitude, and less robustness of the DST rhythm. Treatment with CPAP improved DST pattern regularity and robustness. Conclusion DST is altered in SDB, exhibiting a direct relationship to the severity of this condition, and improves with CPAP treatment. DST independently correlates with sleepiness, thus, its measurement may contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of sleepiness in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Martinez-Nicolas
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus. IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Spain.,Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Guaita
- Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Santamaría
- Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Montserrat
- Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Pneumology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Rol
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus. IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Spain.,Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Madrid
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus. IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Spain.,Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
te Lindert BHW, Itzhacki J, van der Meijden WP, Kringelbach ML, Mendoza J, Van Someren EJW. Bright environmental light ameliorates deficient subjective ‘liking’ in insomnia: an experience sampling study. Sleep 2018; 41:4841627. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bart H W te Lindert
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob Itzhacki
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences CNRS-UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Wisse P van der Meijden
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences CNRS-UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Center for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerl
| | - Morten L Kringelbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Center for Music in the Brain (MIB), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Jorge Mendoza
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences CNRS-UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eus J W Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Departments of Integrative Neurophysiology and Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Te Lindert BHW, Van Someren EJW. Skin temperature, sleep, and vigilance. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 156:353-365. [PMID: 30454600 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63912-7.00021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A large number of studies have shown a close association between the 24-hour rhythms in core body temperature and sleep propensity. More recently, studies have have begun to elucidate an intriguing association of sleep with skin temperature as well. The present chapter addresses the association of sleep and alertness with skin temperature. It discusses whether the association could reflect common underlying drivers of both sleep propensity and skin vasodilation; whether it could reflect efferents of sleep-regulating brain circuits to thermoregulatory circuits; and whether skin temperature could provide afferent input to sleep-regulating brain circuits. Sleep regulation and concomitant changes in skin temperature are systematically discussed and three parallel factors suggested: a circadian clock mechanism, a homeostatic hourglass mechanism, and a third set of sleep-permissive and wake-promoting factors that gate the effectiveness of signals from the clock and hourglass in the actual induction of sleep or maintenance of alert wakefulness. The chapter moreover discusses how the association between skin temperature and arousal can change with sleep deprivation and insomnia. Finally it addresses whether the promising laboratory findings on the effects of skin temperature manipulations on vigilance can be applied to improve sleep in everyday life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart H W Te Lindert
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eus J W Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Psychiatry and Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sleep promoting potential of low dose α-Asarone in rat model. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:13-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
17
|
Miller CB, Kyle SD, Gordon CJ, Espie CA, Grunstein RR, Mullins AE, Postnova S, Bartlett DJ. Physiological Markers of Arousal Change with Psychological Treatment for Insomnia: A Preliminary Investigation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145317. [PMID: 26683607 PMCID: PMC4689577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate if Sleep Restriction Therapy for insomnia is associated with modifications to physiological arousal, indexed through overnight measures of plasma cortisol concentrations and core body temperature. Methods In a pre-to-post open label study design, eleven patients with chronic and severe Psychophysiological Insomnia underwent 5 weeks of Sleep Restriction Therapy. Results Eight (73%) patients out of 11 consented completed therapy and showed a decrease in insomnia severity pre-to-post treatment (mean (SD): 18.1 (2.8) versus 8.4 (4.8); p = .001). Six patients were analyzed with pre-to-post overnight measures of temperature and cortisol. Contrary to our hypothesis, significantly higher levels of plasma cortisol concentrations were found during the early morning at post-treatment compared to baseline (p < .01), while no change was observed in the pre-sleep phase or early part of the night. Core body temperature during sleep was however reduced significantly (overall mean [95% CI]: 36.54 (°C) [36.3, 36.8] versus 36.45 [36.2, 36.7]; p < .05). Conclusions Sleep Restriction Therapy therefore was associated with increased early morning cortisol concentrations and decreased core body temperature, supporting the premise of physiological changes in functioning after effective therapy. Future work should evaluate change in physiological variables associated with clinical treatment response. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ANZCTR 12612000049875
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Miller
- Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS), NeuroSleep and Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Simon D. Kyle
- Sleep & Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Gordon
- Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS), NeuroSleep and Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Colin A. Espie
- Sleep & Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald R. Grunstein
- Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS), NeuroSleep and Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, RPAH, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna E. Mullins
- Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS), NeuroSleep and Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Delwyn J. Bartlett
- Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS), NeuroSleep and Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Van Someren EJW, Dekker K, Te Lindert BHW, Benjamins JS, Moens S, Migliorati F, Aarts E, van der Sluis S. The experienced temperature sensitivity and regulation survey. Temperature (Austin) 2015; 3:59-76. [PMID: 27227080 PMCID: PMC4861187 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2015.1130519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals differ in thermosensitivity, thermoregulation, and zones of thermoneutrality and thermal comfort. Whereas temperature sensing and -effectuating processes occur in part unconsciously and autonomic, awareness of temperature and thermal preferences can affect thermoregulatory behavior as well. Quantification of trait-like individual differences of thermal preferences and experienced temperature sensitivity and regulation is therefore relevant to obtain a complete understanding of human thermophysiology. Whereas several scales have been developed to assess instantaneous appreciation of heat and cold exposure, a comprehensive scale dedicated to assess subjectively experienced autonomic or behavioral thermoregulatory activity has been lacking so far. We constructed a survey that specifically approaches these domains from a trait-like perspective, sampled 240 volunteers across a wide age range, and analyzed the emergent component structure. Participants were asked to report their thermal experiences, captured in 102 questions, on a 7-point bi-directional Likert scale. In a second set of 32 questions, participants were asked to indicate the relative strength of experiences across different body locations. Principal component analyses extracted 21 meaningful dimensions, which were sensitive to sex-differences and age-related changes. The questions were also assessed in a matched sample of 240 people with probable insomnia to evaluate the sensitivity of these dimensions to detect group differences in a case-control design. The dimensions showed marked mean differences between cases and controls. The survey thus has discriminatory value. It can freely be used by anyone interested in studying individual or group differences in thermosensitivity and thermoregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eus J W Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Integrative Neurophysiology and Medical Psychology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kim Dekker
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart H W Te Lindert
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen S Benjamins
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Moens
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Filippo Migliorati
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emmeke Aarts
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie van der Sluis
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Complex Trait Genetics, VU Medical Center , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bellesi M, Riedner BA, Garcia-Molina GN, Cirelli C, Tononi G. Enhancement of sleep slow waves: underlying mechanisms and practical consequences. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:208. [PMID: 25389394 PMCID: PMC4211398 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Even modest sleep restriction, especially the loss of sleep slow wave activity (SWA), is invariably associated with slower electroencephalogram (EEG) activity during wake, the occurrence of local sleep in an otherwise awake brain, and impaired performance due to cognitive and memory deficits. Recent studies not only confirm the beneficial role of sleep in memory consolidation, but also point to a specific role for sleep slow waves. Thus, the implementation of methods to enhance sleep slow waves without unwanted arousals or lightening of sleep could have significant practical implications. Here we first review the evidence that it is possible to enhance sleep slow waves in humans using transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Since these methods are currently impractical and their safety is questionable, especially for chronic long-term exposure, we then discuss novel data suggesting that it is possible to enhance slow waves using sensory stimuli. We consider the physiology of the K-complex (KC), a peripheral evoked slow wave, and show that, among different sensory modalities, acoustic stimulation is the most effective in increasing the magnitude of slow waves, likely through the activation of non-lemniscal ascending pathways to the thalamo-cortical system. In addition, we discuss how intensity and frequency of the acoustic stimuli, as well as exact timing and pattern of stimulation, affect sleep enhancement. Finally, we discuss automated algorithms that read the EEG and, in real-time, adjust the stimulation parameters in a closed-loop manner to obtain an increase in sleep slow waves and avoid undesirable arousals. In conclusion, while discussing the mechanisms that underlie the generation of sleep slow waves, we review the converging evidence showing that acoustic stimulation is safe and represents an ideal tool for slow wave sleep (SWS) enhancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bellesi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Brady A. Riedner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Gary N. Garcia-Molina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- Clinical Sites Research Program, Philips Group InnovationBriarcliff, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Cirelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Prolonged sleep deprivation and continuous exercise: effects on melatonin, tympanic temperature, and cognitive function. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:781863. [PMID: 25110695 PMCID: PMC4109589 DOI: 10.1155/2014/781863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine tympanic temperature, melatonin, and cognitive function during a 36-hour endurance event. Nine male and three female participants took part in a 36-hour sustained endurance event without sleep (N = 12, mean age = 31.8 ± 5.0 yrs). Participants were stopped for data collection at checkpoints throughout the 36-hour event. Tympanic temperature was assessed, a psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) was administered, and saliva samples were collected. Salivary melatonin was determined via immunoassay. During the 36 hours of competition, melatonin levels were negatively correlated with the day of the race (rs = −0.277, P = 0.039) and positively associated with nighttime (rs = 0.316, P = 0.021). Significant main effects of tympanic temperature (P < 0.001), day of the competition (P = 0.018), and a tympanic temperature ∗ day of competition interaction (P < 0.001) were used to predict minor lapses in attention. No associations between melatonin levels and cognitive function were observed (P > 0.05). During the event tympanic temperature declined and was associated with an increase in lapses in attention. With sustained endurance events becoming more popular future research is warranted to evaluate the physiological impact of participation.
Collapse
|
21
|
The impact of sleep deprivation on food desire in the human brain. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2259. [PMID: 23922121 PMCID: PMC3763921 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence supports a link between sleep loss and obesity. However, the detrimental impact of sleep deprivation on central brain mechanisms governing appetitive food desire remains unknown. Here we report that sleep deprivation significantly decreases activity in appetitive evaluation regions within the human frontal cortex and insula cortex during food desirability choices, combined with a converse amplification of activity within the amygdala. Moreover, this bi-directional change in the profile of brain activity is further associated with a significant increase in the desire for weight-gain promoting high-calorie foods following sleep deprivation, the extent of which is predicted by the subjective severity of sleep loss across participants. These findings provide an explanatory brain mechanism by which insufficient sleep may lead to the development/maintenance of obesity through diminished activity in higher-order cortical evaluation regions, combined with excess subcortical responsivity in the amygdala, resulting in selection of foods most capable of triggering weight-gain.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ramautar JR, Romeijn N, Gómez-Herrero G, Piantoni G, Van Someren EJW. Coupling of infraslow fluctuations in autonomic and central vigilance markers: skin temperature, EEG β power and ERP P300 latency. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 89:158-64. [PMID: 23313606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Even under thermoneutral conditions, skin temperature fluctuates spontaneously, most prominently at distal parts of the body. These fluctuations were shown to be associated with fluctuations in vigilance: mild manipulation of skin temperature during nocturnal sleep affects sleep depth and the power spectral density of the electroencephalogram (EEG), and fluctuations in skin temperature during daytime wakefulness are related to sleep propensity and task performance. The association of daytime skin temperature fluctuations with EEG markers of vigilance has not previously been investigated. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the association between daytime fluctuations in skin temperature with those in two quantitative EEG measures: the power spectral density of background EEG, and the event related potential (ERP) elicited by visual stimuli. High-density EEG and skin temperature were obtained in eight healthy adults five times a day while they performed a visual sustained-attention task. Assessments were made after a night of normal sleep and after the challenge of a night of total sleep deprivation. Fluctuations in the distal-to-proximal skin temperature gradient measured from the earlobe and mastoid were associated with fluctuations in parieto-occipital high beta band (20-40 Hz) power of the pre-stimulus background EEG, but only after sleep deprivation. The temperature fluctuations were moreover associated with fluctuations in the latency of the P300 elicited by the stimulus. The findings demonstrate close association between fluctuations in an autonomic correlate of the vigilance state (i.e. the distal-to-proximal skin temperature gradient), and fluctuations in central nervous system correlates of the vigilance state (i.e. background EEG and ERP). The findings are of theoretical and practical relevance for the assessment and manipulation of vigilance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Ramautar
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|