1
|
Fleisher LA, Beckman JA, Brown KA, Calkins H, Chaikof EL, Fleischmann KE, Freeman WK, Froehlich JB, Kasper EK, Kersten JR, Riegel B, Robb JF. 2009 ACCF/AHA focused update on perioperative beta blockade incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and care for noncardiac surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54:e13-e118. [PMID: 19926002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
2
|
Fleisher LA, Beckman JA, Brown KA, Calkins H, Chaikof EL, Fleischmann KE, Freeman WK, Froehlich JB, Kasper EK, Kersten JR, Riegel B, Robb JF. 2009 ACCF/AHA Focused Update on Perioperative Beta Blockade Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery. Circulation 2009; 120:e169-276. [PMID: 19884473 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.192690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
3
|
Fleisher LA, Beckman JA, Brown KA, Calkins H, Chaikof EL, Chaikof E, Fleischmann KE, Freeman WK, Froehlich JB, Kasper EK, Kersten JR, Riegel B, Robb JF, Smith SC, Jacobs AK, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Antman EM, Buller CE, Creager MA, Ettinger SM, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Hunt SA, Lytle BW, Nishimura R, Ornato JP, Page RL, Riegel B, Tarkington LG, Yancy CW. ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery) Developed in Collaboration With the American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, and Society for Vascular Surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50:e159-241. [PMID: 17950159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
4
|
Fleisher LA, Beckman JA, Brown KA, Calkins H, Chaikof E, Fleischmann KE, Freeman WK, Froehlich JB, Kasper EK, Kersten JR, Riegel B, Robb JF, Smith SC, Jacobs AK, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Antman EM, Buller CE, Creager MA, Ettinger SM, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Hunt SA, Lytle BW, Nishimura R, Ornato JP, Page RL, Tarkington LG, Yancy CW. ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery. Circulation 2007; 116:e418-99. [PMID: 17901357 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.107.185699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
5
|
Affiliation(s)
- Carole A Warnes
- Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Valdivia E, Doblas P, Sánchez-Rosas J, Barber M, Eguiluz I, Hijano J, Suárez M, Anderica J, Aguilera I, Herrera J. Estenosis mitral en gestante. A propósito de un caso. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0210-573x(03)77281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
7
|
Safety of Regional Anesthesia in Eisenmengerʼs Syndrome. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2002. [DOI: 10.1097/00115550-200209000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
8
|
Lust KM, Boots RJ, Dooris M, Wilson J. Management of labor in Eisenmenger syndrome with inhaled nitric oxide. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181:419-23. [PMID: 10454694 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Administration of nitric oxide by means of inhalation during the labor of a woman with Eisenmenger's syndrome caused by an atrial septal defect resulted in improved oxygenation and initial pulmonary arterial pressure. She gave birth to a live infant at 34 weeks' gestation but died of worsening pulmonary hypertension and heart failure 21 days post partum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Lust
- Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
ACC/AHA task force report. Special report: guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery. Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (Committee on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery). J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1996; 10:540-52. [PMID: 8776655 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-0770(05)80022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
10
|
Eagle KA, Brundage BH, Chaitman BR, Ewy GA, Fleisher LA, Hertzer NR, Leppo JA, Ryan T, Schlant RC, Spencer WH, Spittell JA, Twiss RD, Ritchie JL, Cheitlin MD, Gardner TJ, Garson A, Lewis RP, Gibbons RJ, O'Rourke RA, Ryan TJ. Guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery. Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery). J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 27:910-48. [PMID: 8613622 DOI: 10.1016/0735-1097(95)99999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K A Eagle
- Educational Services, American College of Cardiology, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-1699, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- P Stoddart
- Department of Anaesthetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Abstract
Pregnancy produces many hemodynamic alterations of the cardiovascular system. Consideration of these alterations must be given in the management of pregnant patients with cardiac disease. This article reviews the cardiovascular hemodynamic alterations of pregnancy, and the management of pregnant patients with specific cardiac lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J G Gianopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Buckshee K, Biswas A, Mittal S, Agarwal N. Eisenmenger's syndrome with pregnancy: a rare obstetrical problem with successful outcome. ASIA-OCEANIA JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1988; 14:323-5. [PMID: 3178578 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.1988.tb00111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
16
|
Bitsch M, Johansen C, Wennevold A, Osler M. Eisenmenger's syndrome and pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1988; 28:69-74. [PMID: 3391333 DOI: 10.1016/0028-2243(88)90061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two cases of successfully managed Eisenmenger's syndrome during pregnancy are reported. A women suffering from Eisenmenger's syndrome who becomes pregnant should be advised to have her pregnancy terminated. On the basis of the available literature and our own experiences we suggest the following plan, if a woman, despite medical advice, chooses to continue her pregnancy: admission to hospital at approximately 25 weeks of gestation; bed rest during the remaining period of pregnancy; oxygen face-mask during episodes of dyspnoea; determination of serial blood gases to detect changes in the shunt flow. At the onset of labour, arterial and epidural catheters should be inserted, a fall in blood pressure should immediately be counteracted by the administration of norepinephrine and loss of blood by transfusion. The patient should remain in hospital for 7-14 days after delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bitsch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Despite the preponderance of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) in young female subjects, documented cases of PPH in association with pregnancy are uncommon. During a 12-month period, 73 female patients with PPH were evaluated as potential recipients of a heart-lung transplant; and in six (8 percent), PPH appeared to be related to pregnancy. Histologic confirmation of the diagnosis was available in four patients, and other causes of pulmonary hypertension were excluded as far as possible in the remaining two patients.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The presence of Eisenmenger's syndrome places the pregnant patient at high risk for maternal and neonatal mortality. Since patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome generally survive until the fourth decade, some patients with this disease process will become pregnant. A discussion of cardiovascular changes that occur during pregnancy is presented with a description of the manifestations of Eisenmenger's syndrome. The literature on Eisenmenger's syndrome in pregnancy is reviewed and a therapeutic approach to the management of the pregnant patient with this disease is presented.
Collapse
|
19
|
Krovetz LJ. Eisenmenger's syndrome in pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1981; 305:588. [PMID: 7254264 DOI: 10.1056/nejm198109033051024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
20
|
Spinnato JA, Kraynack BJ, Cooper MW. Eisenmenger's syndrome in pregnancy: epidural anesthesia for elective cesarean section. N Engl J Med 1981; 304:1215-7. [PMID: 7219460 DOI: 10.1056/nejm198105143042007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
21
|
|
22
|
|
23
|
Midwall J, Jaffin H, Herman MV, Kupersmith J. Shunt flow and pulmonary hemodynamics during labor and delivery in the Eisenmenger syndrome. Am J Cardiol 1978; 42:299-303. [PMID: 150787 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(78)90915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Eisenmenger syndrome carries a high mortality rate in a women during delivery and the immediate postpartum period. It has been suggested that marked changes in shunt flow and pulmonary hemodynamics may be responsible. These functions were studied under various physiologic and pharmacologic conditions during labor and delivery in a patient with the Eisenmenger syndrome. Uterine contractions were associated with a decrease in the ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow (Qp/Qs) from 1.58 to 1.05. The Qp/Qs ratio also decreased (to 0.83) when forceps were applied during uterine contractions. Epidural anesthesia, oxytocin and the supine position did not adversely affect pulmonary hemodynamics or shunt flow. On the basis of these results, if pregnancy cannot be terminated in a patient with the Eisenmenger syndrome, it is recommended that the patient be given high concentration of oxygen and epidural anesthesia and that serial arterial blood gas determinations be performed to detect changes in shunt flow.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The management of 542 women with heart disease and pregnancy during the years 1950 to 1975 is described. All were classified according to their cardiac function at the onset of pregnancy. The incidence of heart failure is recorded and the factors which determined this are discussed. Mitral valvotomy was performed during pregnancy in 13 women, however 31 had had mitral valvotomy before pregnancy. There were 10 maternal deaths, eight of these occurring during the puerperium.
Collapse
|
25
|
Green KW, Resnik R. The abortion issue: past, present and future. CURRENT PROBLEMS IN PEDIATRICS 1977; 7:1-44. [PMID: 561676 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-9380(77)80010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
26
|
Pitts JA, Crosby WM, Basta LL. Eisenmenger's syndrome in pregnancy: does heparin prophylaxis improve the maternal mortality rate? Am Heart J 1977; 93:321-6. [PMID: 300214 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8703(77)80251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Seven consecutive patients with Eisenmenber's syndrome, cared for by the obstetric team in conjunction with the cardiology service, were reviewed to assess the possible role of prophylactic heparin therapy and intensive care on the outcome of these patients. In each patient, the diagnosis of Eisenmenger's syndrome was established by the demonstration of equal pulmonary arterial and aortic pressures with a predominantly right-to-left shunt at cardiac catheterization. Five of the seven patients died as follows: Three patients died between the fifth and eighth post-partum days, one patient died during the twenty-sixth week of pregnancy, and one patient died on the fifth postoperative day following tubal ligation. All of these five patients received prophylactic heparin therapy. In three patients, heparin therapy was complicated by excessive bleeding during the postoperative or postpartum period. Autopsy examination in two patients revealed no evidence of thrombosis in the main pulmonary arteries and no pulmonary infarction, contrary to the antemortem clinical suspicion. The two survivors did not receive prophylactic heparin. They comprised one patient who had normal delivery and one patient who underwent tubal ligation and induction of abortion. We conclude that the prohibitive mortality rate of Eisenmenger's syndrome during pregnancy, puerpurium, or surgical procedures probably cannot be modified with prophylactic heparin therapy. Anticoagulant treatment does not prevent deterioration of patients and probably compounds the problem by causing significant bleeding.
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
|
29
|
Batson GA. Cyanotic congenital heart disease and pregnancy. THE JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY OF THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH 1974; 81:549-53. [PMID: 4843760 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1974.tb00514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
30
|
|
31
|
Bunce IH, Whitaker AN, Nicoll P, Graeme ER. Microembolism syndrome: acute respiratory failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation. AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 1973; 3:495-506. [PMID: 4521432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1973.tb03128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|