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Omary MA, Zarghi H, Hassanabadi A. Some productive and reproductive performance, eggshell quality, serum metabolites and immune responses due to L-threonine supplementation in Japanese quail breeders' diet. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38389325 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
A dose-response experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of graded levels of dietary digestible threonine (dThr) during the first laying cycle on productive and reproductive performance, egg quality and immune responses of Japanese quail breeders (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Also, dThr requirements were determined based on nutrient dose-response data. A total of 450 (360 females and 90 males) 11-week-old breeders were allocated to five increment (+0.03%) levels of dThr (0.49%, 0.52%, 0.55%, 0.58%, 0.61% and 0.64%) with five replicates per treatment and 15 (12 females and three males) birds each. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. In response to increasing dietary dThr levels, egg production, egg mass, feed efficiency, egg specific gravity, eggshell relative weight, eggshell thickness, egg fertility (EF) and immune response against sheep red blood cell (SRBC) inoculation were improved with quadratic trends and egg hatchability as set eggs was improved with linear trends. Japanese quail breeders fed a diet with 0.58% dThr concentration (threonine/lysine ratio of 59%) showed the productive performance traits, EF, eggshell quality and immune response against SRBC inoculation in the highest values. However, feed intake, egg weight, egg albumen and yolk relative weight, egg shape index, haugh unit and egg composition were not affected by increasing dietary dThr level. Based on the broken-line regression model, the dThr requirements to optimize productive performance, eggshell quality, EF and immune response against SRBC inoculation were estimated at 159-188, 169-183, 175 and 178 mg/bird per day, respectively. It is concluded, in the Japanese quail breeders during the first laying phase a daily dThr intake of 188 mg/bird, dietary dThr concentration at 0.58% (threonine/lysine ratio of 59%) is adequate for optimized productive and reproductive performance, eggshell quality and immune responses. The estimated requirements depend on what production parameter is taken into considered for optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Omary
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Heydar Zarghi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hassanabadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Azzam MM, Chen W, Xia W, Wang S, Zhang Y, El-Senousey HK, Zheng C. The impact of Bacillus subtilis DSM32315 and L-Threonine supplementation on the amino acid composition of eggs and early post-hatch performance of ducklings. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1238070. [PMID: 37680390 PMCID: PMC10481339 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1238070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry requires Threonine, an essential amino acid, and its metabolites for proper metabolic function. Threonine is crucial in the biosynthesis of mucin, which is essential for intestinal health and nutrient absorption. Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) is a potential substitute for antibiotic growth promoters in the poultry industry. The current study was designed to evaluate the simultaneous effect of L-Threonine (Thr) and B. subtilis DSM32315 supplementation on laying duck breeders in order to maximize performance. A total number of 648 female 23-week-old Longyan duck breeders were assigned to a 3 × 2 factorial design with six replicates of 18 birds per replicate. L-Thr was added to the control diet at concentrations of 0, 0.7, and 1.4 g/kg, equating to 3.9, 4.6, and 5.3 g Thr/kg, with or without B. subtilis strain DSM 32315 (0.0 and 0.5 g/kg). Increasing Thr concentrations improved egg production and ducklings' hatchling weight (p < 0.05). In addition, L-Thr supplementation resulted in a tendency for decreased feed conversion ratio without affecting egg quality. There was no significant effect (p > 0.05) of the dietary Thr levels on egg yolk and albumen amino acid concentrations. In contrast, the addition of B. subtilis decreased the concentrations of amino acids, excluding proline, in the egg white (albumen) and the egg yolk (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the supplementation of B. subtilis decreased (p < 0 0.001) the hatching weight of ducklings. The addition of B. subtilis without L-Thr decreased (p < 0.05) the hatchability of fertile eggs and the hatching weight of ducklings compared to those of ducks fed dietary L-Thr along with B. subtilis (p < 0.001). The combining L-Thr at 0.7 g/kg with B. subtilis DSM 32315 at 0.5 g/kg could increase eggshell quality, hatchability, and hatching weight. The current study revealed that the combination supplemented of L-Thr and B. subtilis DSM 32315 is recommended due to its positive effects on the eggshell percentage, hatchability and the body weights of newly hatched ducklings when dietary Thr was added at a rate of 0.7 g/kg and B. subtilis DSM 32315 at 0.5 g/kg. In addition, adding L-Thr separately at 0.7 g/kg could improve the egg production of duck breeders. Further studies are required to find the proper dosages of B. subtilis DSM 32315 with co-dietary inclusion of limiting amino acids in the diets of duck breeders. The findings of these trials will support feed additive interventions to transition into antibiotic-free diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mostafa Azzam
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei Chen
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguang Xia
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - HebatAllah Kasem El-Senousey
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangzhou, China
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Fouad AM, El-Senousey HK, Ruan D, Wang S, Xia W, Zheng C. Tryptophan in poultry nutrition: Impacts and mechanisms of action. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:1146-1153. [PMID: 33655568 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that productivity, immune system, antioxidant status, and meat and egg quality can be optimized by dietary supplementation with amino acids that are not usually added to poultry diets. Understanding the effects of these amino acids may encourage feed manufacturers and poultry producers to include them as additives. One of these amino acids is tryptophan (Trp). The importance of Trp is directly related to its role in protein anabolism and indirectly related to its metabolites such as serotonin and melatonin. Thus, Trp could affect the secretion of hormones, development of immune organs, meat and egg production, and meat and egg quality in poultry raised under controlled or stressed conditions. Therefore, this review discusses the main roles of Trp in poultry production and its mode (s) of action in order to help poultry producers decide whether they need to add Trp to poultry diets. Further areas of research are also identified to address information gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed Fouad
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - HebatAllah Kasem El-Senousey
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Hossaninejad SA, Zarghi H, Golian A. Effect of digestible threonine on performance, egg quality, blood metabolites, and immune responses in laying hens fed a wheat-based diet in the second cycle. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.2004248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Amir Hossaninejad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Heydar Zarghi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Golian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Jiang S, El-Senousey HK, Fan Q, Lin X, Gou Z, Li L, Wang Y, Fouad AM, Jiang Z. Effects of dietary threonine supplementation on productivity and expression of genes related to protein deposition and amino acid transportation in breeder hens of yellow-feathered chicken and their offspring. Poult Sci 2019; 98:6826-6836. [PMID: 31504946 PMCID: PMC6870553 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the dietary threonine (Thr) levels on the performance, offspring traits, embryo amino acid transportation, and protein deposition in breeder hens of yellow-feathered chickens. In total, 720 breeder hens of Lingnan yellow-feathered chickens were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments, with 6 replicates per treatment (20 birds per replicate). The breeder hens were fed either basal diet (Thr = 0.38%) or basal diet supplemented with 0.12, 0.24, 0.36, 0.48, or 0.60% Thr from 197 to 266 D. There was a positive response in terms of the laying rate after adding different levels of Thr to the diet, but no significant effects on the average daily gain, average daily egg weight, feed conversion ratio, average broken eggs, and unqualified egg rate (P > 0.05). However, the eggshell strength and eggshell percentage decreased in a linear manner as the dietary Thr concentration increased (P = 0.05). Dietary supplementation with Thr had significant effects on the expression of mucin 2 (MUC2) in the uterus and zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) in the duodenum of breeders (P < 0.05). In chick embryos at embryonic age 18 D, significant upregulation of poultry target of rapamycin (pTOR) occurred in the liver and breast muscle, as well as threonine dehydrogenase (TDH) in the thigh, and aminopeptidase (ANPEP) (P < 0.05) in the duodenum and ileum due to dietary Thr supplementation, but there were no effects on MUC2 expression in the duodenum and ileum (P > 0.05). The livability of the progeny broilers tended to increase with the dietary Thr concentration (quadratic, P = 0.08). Thus, dietary supplementation with Thr had positive effects on the laying production by breeder hens and offspring performance, and it also regulated the expression levels of genes related to amino acid transportation and protein deposition. The optimal dietary Thr concentration that maximized the laying rate in yellow-feathered chicken breeders aged 197 to 266 D was 0.68% according to quadratic regression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouqun Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, P. R. China,Corresponding author:
| | - HebatAllah Kasem El-Senousey
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, P. R. China,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Qiuli Fan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiajing Lin
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyong Gou
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Long Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Fouad
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, P. R. China,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, 510640 Guangzhou, P. R. China,Corresponding author:
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Nutritional requirements of meat-type and egg-type ducks: what do we know? J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:1. [PMID: 29372052 PMCID: PMC5769293 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for duck meat, duck eggs, and associated products is increasing each year. Classic and modern selection programs have been applied to enhance the economic traits of ducks to satisfy the requirements of consumers and enhance the incomes of producers. The nutritional requirements of unselected ducks may not be adequate, however, to fulfill the potential productivity performance of modern birds, including both meat-type and egg-type ducks. In particular, an imbalanced diet is associated with low productive performance and signs of nutritional deficiency (if insufficient nutrients are supplied), as well as with high feed costs and manure problems that reflect flock health and welfare (if excessive nutrients are supplied). Thus, the main aim of this review is to summarize the results of previous studies that estimated the nutrient requirements of meat-type and egg-type ducks in order to evaluate current knowledge and to identify further issues that need to be addressed. In addition, the results obtained in previous studies are compared in order to understand how to lower commercial feed costs, fulfill the genetic potential of selected ducks, protect the environment from pollution, and satisfy the welfare and health needs of ducks.
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Fouad AM, Chen W, Ruan D, Wang S, Xia W, Zheng C. Effects of dietary lysine supplementation on performance, egg quality, and development of reproductive system in egg-laying ducks. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1308868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed Fouad
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Ruan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Xia
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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