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Häussler S, Sadri H, Ghaffari MH, Sauerwein H. Symposium review: Adipose tissue endocrinology in the periparturient period of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3648-3669. [PMID: 35181138 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of adipose tissue (AT) in metabolism is not limited to energy storage but turned out to be much more complex. We now know that in addition to lipid metabolism, AT is important in glucose homeostasis and AA metabolism and also has a role in inflammatory processes. With the discovery of leptin in 1994, the concept of AT being able to secrete messenger molecules collectively termed as adipokines, and acting in an endo-, para-, and autocrine manner emerged. Moreover, based on its asset of receptors, many stimuli from other tissues reaching AT via the bloodstream can also elicit distinct responses and thus integrate AT as a control element in the regulatory circuits of the whole body's functions. The protein secretome of human differentiated adipocytes was described to comprise more than 400 different proteins. However, in dairy cows, the characterization of the physiological time course of adipokines in AT during the transition from pregnancy to lactation is largely limited to the mRNA level; for the protein level, the analytical methods are limited and available assays often lack sound validation. In addition to proteinaceous adipokines, small compounds such as steroids can also be secreted from AT. Due to the lipophilic nature of steroids, they are stored in AT, but during the past years, AT became also known as being able to metabolize and even to generate steroid hormones de novo. In high-yielding dairy cows, AT is substantially mobilized due to increased energy requirements related to lactation. As to whether the steroidogenic system in AT is affected and may change during the common loss of body fat is largely unknown. Moreover, most research about AT in transition dairy cows is based on subcutaneous AT, whereas other depots have scarcely been investigated. This contribution aims to review the changes in adipokine mRNA and-where available-protein expression with time relative to calving in high-yielding dairy cows at different conditions, including parity, body condition, diet, specific feed supplements, and health disorders. In addition, the review provides insights into steroidogenic pathways in dairy cows AT, and addresses differences between fat depots where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Häussler
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Hassan Sadri
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 516616471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Helga Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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2
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Suzuki Y, Chiba S, Nishihara K, Nakajima K, Hagino A, Kim WS, Lee HG, Nochi T, Suzuki T, Roh SG. Chemerin Regulates Epithelial Barrier Function of Mammary Glands in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113194. [PMID: 34827927 PMCID: PMC8614423 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial barrier function in the mammary gland acts as a forefront of the defense mechanism against mastitis, which is widespread and a major disorder in dairy production. Chemerin is a chemoattractant protein with potent antimicrobial ability, but its role in the mammary gland remains unelucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the function of chemerin in mammary epithelial tissue of dairy cows in lactation or dry-off periods. Mammary epithelial cells produced chemerin protein, and secreted chemerin was detected in milk samples. Chemerin treatment promoted the proliferation of cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells and protected the integrity of the epithelial cell layer from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced damage. Meanwhile, chemerin levels were higher in mammary tissue with mastitis. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) strongly upregulated the expression of the chemerin-coding gene (RARRES2) in mammary epithelial cells. Therefore, chemerin was suggested to support mammary epithelial cell growth and epithelial barrier function and to be regulated by inflammatory stimuli. Our results may indicate chemerin as a novel therapeutic target for diseases in the bovine mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Suzuki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan;
| | - Sachi Chiba
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0842, Japan; (S.C.); (K.N.); (A.H.); (T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Koki Nishihara
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0842, Japan; (S.C.); (K.N.); (A.H.); (T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Keiichi Nakajima
- NARO Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Hitsujigaoka 1, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan;
| | - Akihiko Hagino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0842, Japan; (S.C.); (K.N.); (A.H.); (T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Won-Seob Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Tomonori Nochi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0842, Japan; (S.C.); (K.N.); (A.H.); (T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0842, Japan; (S.C.); (K.N.); (A.H.); (T.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Sang-Gun Roh
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0842, Japan; (S.C.); (K.N.); (A.H.); (T.N.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence:
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3
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Yang Y, Fan J, Xu H, Fan L, Deng L, Li J, Li D, Li H, Zhang F, Zhao RC. Long noncoding RNA LYPLAL1-AS1 regulates adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by targeting desmoplakin and inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:105. [PMID: 33993187 PMCID: PMC8124068 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs are crucial factors for modulating adipogenic differentiation, but only a few have been identified in humans. In the current study, we identified a previously unknown human long noncoding RNA, LYPLAL1-antisense RNA1 (LYPLAL1-AS1), which was dramatically upregulated during the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). Based on 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends assays, full-length LYPLAL1-AS1 was 523 nt. Knockdown of LYPLAL1-AS1 decreased the adipogenic differentiation of hAMSCs, whereas overexpression of LYPLAL1-AS1 enhanced this process. Desmoplakin (DSP) was identified as a direct target of LYPLAL1-AS1. Knockdown of DSP enhanced adipogenic differentiation and rescued the LYPLAL1-AS1 depletion-induced defect in adipogenic differentiation of hAMSCs. Further experiments showed that LYPLAL1-AS1 modulated DSP protein stability possibly via proteasome degradation, and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was inhibited during adipogenic differentiation regulated by the LYPLAL1-AS1/DSP complex. Together, our work provides a new mechanism by which long noncoding RNA regulates adipogenic differentiation of human MSCs and suggests that LYPLAL1-AS1 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for preventing and combating diseases related to abnormal adipogenesis, such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Yang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), 100005 Beijing, China ,grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Junfen Fan
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Haoying Xu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Linyuan Fan
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Luchan Deng
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Di Li
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Hongling Li
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- grid.419897.a0000 0004 0369 313XDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, 100005 Beijing, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No. BZO381), 100005 Beijing, China
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de las Heras-Saldana S, Chung KY, Kim H, Lim D, Gondro C, van der Werf JHJ. Differential Gene Expression in Longissimus Dorsi Muscle of Hanwoo Steers-New Insight in Genes Involved in Marbling Development at Younger Ages. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111381. [PMID: 33233382 PMCID: PMC7700136 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Korean Hanwoo breed possesses a high capacity to accumulate intramuscular fat, which is measured as a marbling score in the beef industry. Unfortunately, the development of marbling is not completely understood and the identification of differentially expressed genes at an early age is required to better understand this trait. In this study, we took muscle samples from 12 Hanwoo steers at the age of 18 and 30 months. From the contrast between age and marbling score, we identified in total 1883 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05 and logarithm fold change ≥ 1.5) with 782 genes up-regulated and 1101 down-regulated. Differences in gene expression were higher between the ages x marbling groups rather than between high and low marbling groups. At 18 months of age, the genes SLC38A4, ABCA10, APOL6, and two novel genes (ENSBTAG00000015330 and ENSBTAG00000046041) were up-regulated in the high marbling group. From the protein–protein interaction network analysis, we identified unique networks when comparing marbling scores between different ages. Nineteen genes (AGT, SERPINE1, ADORA1, FOS, LEP, FOXO1, FOXO3, ADIPOQ, ITGA1, SDC1, SDC4, ITGB3, ITGB4, CXCL10, ACTG2, MX1, EDN1, ACTA2, and ESPL1) were identified to have an important role in marbling development. Further analyses are needed to better understand the role of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara de las Heras-Saldana
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale 2351, NSW, Australia; (H.K.); (C.G.); (J.H.J.v.d.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ki Yong Chung
- Department of Beef Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Hyounju Kim
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale 2351, NSW, Australia; (H.K.); (C.G.); (J.H.J.v.d.W.)
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea
| | - Dajeong Lim
- Animal Genomics & Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea;
| | - Cedric Gondro
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale 2351, NSW, Australia; (H.K.); (C.G.); (J.H.J.v.d.W.)
- College of Agriculture & Resources, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Julius H. J. van der Werf
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale 2351, NSW, Australia; (H.K.); (C.G.); (J.H.J.v.d.W.)
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Sáinz N, Fernández-Galilea M, Costa AGV, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Barraco GM, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids regulate chemerin in cultured adipocytes: role of GPR120 and derived lipid mediators. Food Funct 2020; 11:9057-9066. [PMID: 33021612 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01445a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemerin is a pro-inflammatory adipokine that is increased in obesity and associated with obesity-related comorbidities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA and DHA), on basal and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced chemerin production in 3T3-L1 and human subcutaneous cultured adipocytes. The potential involvement of G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120), as well as the actions of DHA-derived specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs), resolvin D1 and D2 (RvD1 and RvD2) and maresin 1 (MaR1), were also evaluated. DHA significantly lowered both basal and TNF-α-stimulated chemerin production in 3T3-L1 and human adipocytes. EPA did not modify basal chemerin production, while it attenuated the induction of chemerin by TNF-α. Silencing of GPR120 using siRNA blocked the ability of DHA and EPA to reduce TNF-α-induced chemerin secretion. Interestingly, treatment with the DHA-derived SPMs RvD1, RvD2 and MaR1 also reversed the stimulatory effect of TNF-α on chemerin production in human adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sáinz
- University of Navarra. Centre for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain. and University of Navarra. Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Fernández-Galilea
- University of Navarra. Centre for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain. and University of Navarra. Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Pamplona, Spain and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - A G V Costa
- University of Navarra. Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Pamplona, Spain
| | - P L Prieto-Hontoria
- University of Navarra. Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Pamplona, Spain
| | - G M Barraco
- University of Navarra. Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M J Moreno-Aliaga
- University of Navarra. Centre for Nutrition Research, Pamplona, Spain. and University of Navarra. Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Pamplona, Spain and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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6
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Chemerin contributes to in vivo adipogenesis in a location-specific manner. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229251. [PMID: 32092101 PMCID: PMC7039425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since chemerin's identification as an adipokine, it has been associated with a number of human diseases including diabetes and obesity. However, the basic scientific foundation for these clinical determinations is still lacking. Fibroblastic mouse 3T3 cells are unable to develop lipid droplets if chemerin is not present. Thus, we hypothesized that an in vivo rat model chemerin knockout (KO; an advancement from the previously mentioned in vitro cultures) would have limited accumulation of lipid in adipocytes compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Female WT/KO rats (Sprague Dawley background) were fed a low-fat diet starting at 8 weeks of age with weekly body weight and food consumption monitoring. At 25 weeks of age, adipose tissue depots were dissected and flash frozen for PCR analysis or fixed with paraformaldehyde for histology. Over the 17 weeks of experimentation, WT and KO animals did not have differences in total body weight or food consumption but KO animals had a significantly reduced amount of visceral fat compared to WT animals (via microCT at 8 and 25 weeks). Histology of retroperitoneal and mesenteric depots demonstrated a significant leftward shift in adipocyte size in the mesenteric but not the retroperitoneal depot of the KO compared to WT animals. Similarly, in the mesenteric fat of the KO rat, gene expression of adiponectin, fatty acid synthase, perilipin, and leptin were significantly reduced compared to mesenteric fat of WT animals and retroperitoneal fat of both WT and KO animals. Adiponectin was highlighted by a protein-protein interaction network as being important for the physiological effects of chemerin removal. These data are the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate chemerin's adipokine potential in vivo and identify it as fat depot location-specific.
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Buechler C, Feder S, Haberl EM, Aslanidis C. Chemerin Isoforms and Activity in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051128. [PMID: 30841637 PMCID: PMC6429392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and adiposity are risk factors for several diseases, like type 2 diabetes and cancer. White adipose tissue is a major source for adipokines, comprising a diverse group of proteins exerting various functions. Chemerin is one of these proteins whose systemic levels are increased in obesity. Chemerin is involved in different physiological and pathophysiological processes and it regulates adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and immune response, suggesting a vital role in metabolic health. The majority of serum chemerin is biologically inert. Different proteases are involved in the C-terminal processing of chemerin and generate diverse isoforms that vary in their activity. Distribution of chemerin variants was analyzed in adipose tissues and plasma of lean and obese humans and mice. The Tango bioassay, which is suitable to monitor the activation of the beta-arrestin 2 pathway, was used to determine the ex-vivo activation of chemerin receptors by systemic chemerin. Further, the expression of the chemerin receptors was analyzed in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. Present investigations assume that increased systemic chemerin in human obesity is not accompanied by higher biologic activity. More research is needed to fully understand the pathways that control chemerin processing and chemerin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Feder
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth M Haberl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Charalampos Aslanidis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Mellouk N, Ramé C, Diot M, Briant E, Touzé JL, Guillaume D, Froment P, Dupont J. Possible involvement of the RARRES2/CMKLR1-system in metabolic and reproductive parameters in Holstein dairy cows. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:25. [PMID: 30777067 PMCID: PMC6380063 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dairy cows, the energy cost of milk yield results in a negative energy balance (EB) and body fat mobilization that impairs reproductive efficiency. Emerging evidence suggests that the novel adipokines, Retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 (RARRES2), and its main receptor, Chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) are involved in the regulation of metabolic and ovarian functions. So, we investigated in a first experiment the plasma RARRES2, and RARRES2 and CMKLR1 mRNA expression levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and granulosa cells (GC) at different times of body fat mobilization in dairy cows (4, 8, 20 and 44 weeks postpartum, wk. pp. for SAT and 8, 20 and 44 wk. pp. for GC). Then, in a second experiment we examined the effect of high (HE) and low energy (LE) diets on the RARRES2 system and its links with metabolic and reproductive parameters. METHODS The first experiment included 9 animals fed with HE diet from 4 to 44 wk. pp. and the second one included animals fed either a HE diet (n = 8) or a LE diet (n = 8) from - 4 to 16 wk. peripartum. In both experiments, various metabolic and reproductive parameters were determined and associated with plasma RARRES2 as measured by bovine ELISA. RARRES2 and CMKLR1 mRNA expression levels were analyzed by RT-qPCR in SAT after biopsy and GC after aspiration of follicles. RESULTS Plasma RARRES2 levels were higher at 4 wk. pp. as compared to 20 and 44 wk. pp. and they were positively correlated with body fat mobilization and milk yield. RARRES2 and CMKLR1 mRNA expression levels increased from 4 to 8 wk. pp. (fat mobilization, EB < 0) and remained unchanged at 20 and 44 wk. pp. (fat reconstitution, EB > 0) as compared to 4 wk. pp. in SAT. RARRES2 and CMKLR1 mRNA levels decreased from 8 to 44 wk. pp. in GC from small follicles. In the second experiment, plasma RARRES2 increased from - 4 to 8 wk. peripartum similarly in both LE and HE cows. In addition, the area under of plasma RARRES2 curve was highly negatively associated with the number of small follicles obtained in HE animals during the cycle before the first artificial insemination. In SAT of HE cows, RARRES2 mRNA expression decreased at 1 wk. pp. compared to - 4 and 16 wk. peripartum whereas opposite expression patterns were obtained for CMKLR1. Similar results were observed for CMKLR1 mRNA expression in LE cows while there was no variation in RARRES2 mRNA expression. Moreover, RARRES2 mRNA was higher expressed in LE than in HE cows at 1 wk. pp. CONCLUSIONS The lactation-induced fat and energy mobilization influenced plasma RARRES2 profile and mRNA expression pattern of RARRES2 and CMKLR1 similarly in both SAT and GC. In addition, the energy content of the diet did not affect plasma RARRES2 but it altered RARRES2 mRNA expression in SAT and the area under the curve of plasma RARRES2 that was negatively associated to the number of small follicles in HE animals. Thus, RARRES2 could be a metabolic or ovarian signal involved in the interactions between metabolic and reproductive functions in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namya Mellouk
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0001 2182 6141grid.12366.30France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0001 2182 6141grid.12366.30France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Mélodie Diot
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0001 2182 6141grid.12366.30France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric Briant
- INRA - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle de Physiologie Animale de l’Orfrasière de Tours UEPAO 1297, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Jean-Luc Touzé
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0001 2182 6141grid.12366.30France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Daniel Guillaume
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0001 2182 6141grid.12366.30France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0001 2182 6141grid.12366.30France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0001 2182 6141grid.12366.30France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- grid.418065.eUnité de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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9
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Nakano M, Suzuki Y, Haga S, Yamauchi E, Kim D, Nishihara K, Nakajima K, Gotoh T, Park S, Baik M, Katoh K, Roh S. Downregulated angiopoietin-like protein 8 production at calving related to changes in lipid metabolism in dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:2646-2658. [PMID: 29746655 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute physiological adaptation of lipid metabolism during the postpartum transition period of cows facilitates peripheral metabolic regulation. Hepatokines, which are hormones secreted from hepatocytes, are presumed to play a critical role in systemic metabolic regulation. Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) has been identified as a novel hepatokine associated with circulating triglyceride concentrations in mice and humans. However, regulation of ANGPTL8 and its physiological effects is still unknown in cattle. The present study aimed to reveal changes in ANGPTL8 expression and secretion during the periparturient period, and to investigate its regulatory effect on adipocytes and mammary epithelial cells. In the peripartum period, liver ANGPTL8 mRNA expression was lesser on the day of parturition and 1 wk postpartum than it was 1 wk before parturition (P < 0.05). Moreover, plasma ANGPTL8 concentrations decreased on the day of parturition as compared with that 1 wk before parturition (P < 0.05). In addition, ANGPTL8 expression in cultured bovine hepatocytes was downregulated after oleate and palmitate treatment but upregulated after insulin treatment (P < 0.05). ANGPTL8 decreased hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) expression in differentiated adipocytes and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-coa carboxylase (ACC), and stearoyl-coa desaturase (SCD) in cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells (P < 0.05). These data suggest that hepatic ANGPTL8 production was downregulated postpartum when the cows experienced a negative energy balance. This downregulation was associated with increased concentrations of NEFA and decreased concentrations of insulin in lactating cows, and it facilitated lipid mobilization from adipose tissue to the mammary glands. We speculate that ANGPTL8 might have beneficial effects in reverting or improving the physiological adaptation and pathological processes of lipid metabolism during the peripartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Nakano
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Haga
- Division of Grassland Farming, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Eri Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Dahye Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koki Nishihara
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiichi Nakajima
- Division of Dairy Production Research, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Gotoh
- Laboratory of Meat Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, National University Cooperation Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima-shi, Japan
| | - Seungju Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunggi Baik
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kazuo Katoh
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sanggun Roh
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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10
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Kennedy AJ, Davenport AP. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology CIII: Chemerin Receptors CMKLR1 (Chemerin 1) and GPR1 (Chemerin 2) Nomenclature, Pharmacology, and Function. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 70:174-196. [PMID: 29279348 PMCID: PMC5744648 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.013177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemerin, a chemoattractant protein and adipokine, has been identified as the endogenous ligand for a G protein–coupled receptor encoded by the gene CMKLR1 (also known as ChemR23), and as a consequence the receptor protein was renamed the chemerin receptor in 2013. Since then, chemerin has been identified as the endogenous ligand for a second G protein–coupled receptor, encoded by the gene GPR1. Therefore, the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification recommends that the official name of the receptor protein for chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) is chemerin receptor 1, and G protein–coupled receptor 1 is chemerin receptor 2 to follow the convention of naming the receptor protein after the endogenous ligand. Chemerin receptor 1 and chemerin receptor 2 can be abbreviated to Chemerin1 and Chemerin2, respectively. Chemerin requires C-terminal processing for activity, and human chemerin21–157 is reported to be the most active form, with peptide fragments derived from the C terminus biologically active at both receptors. Small-molecule antagonist, CCX832, selectively blocks CMKLR1, and resolvin E1 activation of CMKLR1 is discussed. Activation of both receptors by chemerin is via coupling to Gi/o, causing inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and increased Ca2+ flux. Receptors and ligand are widely expressed in humans, rats, and mice, and both receptors share ∼80% identity across these species. CMKLR1 knockout mice highlight the role of this receptor in inflammation and obesity, and similarly, GPR1 knockout mice exhibit glucose intolerance. In addition, the chemerin receptors have been implicated in cardiovascular disease, cancer, steroidogenesis, human immunodeficiency virus replication, and neurogenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Kennedy
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P Davenport
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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11
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Sarcopenic obesity or obese sarcopenia: A cross talk between age-associated adipose tissue and skeletal muscle inflammation as a main mechanism of the pathogenesis. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:200-221. [PMID: 27702700 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, an age-associated decline in skeletal muscle mass coupled with functional deterioration, may be exacerbated by obesity leading to higher disability, frailty, morbidity and mortality rates. In the combination of sarcopenia and obesity, the state called sarcopenic obesity (SOB), some key age- and obesity-mediated factors and pathways may aggravate sarcopenia. This review will analyze the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of SOB. In obese adipose tissue (AT), adipocytes undergo hypertrophy, hyperplasia and activation resulted in accumulation of pro-inflammatory macrophages and other immune cells as well as dysregulated production of various adipokines that together with senescent cells and the immune cell-released cytokines and chemokines create a local pro-inflammatory status. In addition, obese AT is characterized by excessive production and disturbed capacity to store lipids, which accumulate ectopically in skeletal muscle. These intramuscular lipids and their derivatives induce mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by impaired β-oxidation capacity and increased reactive oxygen species formation providing lipotoxic environment and insulin resistance as well as enhanced secretion of some pro-inflammatory myokines capable of inducing muscle dysfunction by auto/paracrine manner. In turn, by endocrine manner, these myokines may exacerbate AT inflammation and also support chronic low grade systemic inflammation (inflammaging), overall establishing a detrimental vicious circle maintaining AT and skeletal muscle inflammation, thus triggering and supporting SOB development. Under these circumstances, we believe that AT inflammation dominates over skeletal muscle inflammation. Thus, in essence, it redirects the vector of processes from "sarcopenia→obesity" to "obesity→sarcopenia". We therefore propose that this condition be defined as "obese sarcopenia", to reflect the direction of the pathological pathway.
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Inverse Relationship of the CMKLR1 Relative Expression and Chemerin Serum Levels in Obesity with Dysmetabolic Phenotype and Insulin Resistance. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3085390. [PMID: 27239101 PMCID: PMC4864190 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3085390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. In obesity there is a subclinical chronic low-grade inflammatory response where insulin resistance (IR) may develop. Chemerin is secreted in white adipose tissue and promotes low-grade inflammatory process, where it expressed CMKLR1 receptor. The role of chemerin and CMKLR1 in inflammatory process secondary to obesity is not defined yet. Methods. Cross-sectional study with 134 individuals classified as with and without obesity by body mass index (BMI) and IR. Body fat storage measurements and metabolic and inflammatory markers were measured by routine methods. Soluble chemerin and basal levels of insulin by ELISA and relative expression of CMKLR1 were evaluated with qPCR and 2−ΔΔCT method. Results. Differences (P < 0.05) were observed between obesity and lean individuals in body fat storage measurements and metabolic-inflammatory markers. Both CMKLR1 expression and chemerin levels were increased in obesity without IR. Soluble chemerin levels correlate with adiposity and metabolic markers (r = 8.8% to 38.5%), P < 0.05. Conclusion. The increment of CMKLR1 expression was associated with insulin production. Increased serum levels of chemerin in obesity were observed, favoring a dysmetabolic response. The results observed in this study suggest that both chemerin and CMKLR1 have opposite expression in the context of low-grade inflammatory response manifested in the development of IR.
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Roh SG, Suzuki Y, Gotoh T, Tatsumi R, Katoh K. Physiological Roles of Adipokines, Hepatokines, and Myokines in Ruminants. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:1-15. [PMID: 26732322 PMCID: PMC4698675 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0001r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of leptin secreted from adipocytes, specialized tissues and cells have been found that secrete the several peptides (or cytokines) that are characterized to negatively and positively regulate the metabolic process. Different types of adipokines, hepatokines, and myokines, which act as cytokines, are secreted from adipose, liver, and muscle tissue, respectively, and have been identified and examined for their physiological roles in humans and disease in animal models. Recently, various studies of these cytokines have been conducted in ruminants, including dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep, and goat. Interestingly, a few cytokines from these tissues in ruminants play an important role in the post-parturition, lactation, and fattening (marbling) periods. Thus, understanding these hormones is important for improving nutritional management in dairy cows and beef cattle. However, to our knowledge, there have been no reviews of the characteristics of these cytokines in beef and dairy products in ruminants. In particular, lipid and glucose metabolism in adipose tissue, liver tissue, and muscle tissue are very important for energy storage, production, and synthesis, which are regulated by these cytokines in ruminant production. In this review, we summarize the physiological roles of adipokines, hepatokines, and myokines in ruminants. This discussion provides a foundation for understanding the role of cytokines in animal production of ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Gun Roh
- Kuju Agriculture Research Center, Kyushu University, Oita 878-020, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Kuju Agriculture Research Center, Kyushu University, Oita 878-020, Japan
| | - Takafumi Gotoh
- Kuju Agriculture Research Center, Kyushu University, Oita 878-020, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Tatsumi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kazuo Katoh
- Kuju Agriculture Research Center, Kyushu University, Oita 878-020, Japan
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Suzuki Y, Haga S, Katoh D, So KH, Choi KC, Jung US, Lee HG, Katoh K, Roh SG. Chemerin is a novel regulator of lactogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:283-8. [PMID: 26342800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemerin is a chemoattractant cytokine (chemokine) produced by adipocytes and hepatocytes; it regulates insulin sensitivity and adipocyte differentiation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of chemerin on the expression of genes related to lactogenesis and the regulators of chemerin signaling in a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). Two types of chemerin receptors, chemokine like-receptor 1 (CMKLR1) and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor-like 2 (CCRL2), were detected in cultured MAC-T cells, whereas chemerin was not detected. G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1), another receptor of chemerin, was undetectable in MAC-T cells. Chemerin upregulated transcript expression of CMKLR1, CCRL2, and genes associated with fatty acid synthesis, glucose uptake, insulin signaling, and casein synthesis in MAC-T cells. Lactogenic hormones (insulin, growth hormone, and prolactin) downregulated the expression of CMKLR1 in MAC-T cells. Adiponectin suppressed CMKLR1 expression. TNF-α suppressed CMKLR1, but induced CCRL2 expression. These data suggest chemerin is a novel regulator of lactogenesis via its own receptor in bovine mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Suzuki
- Lab of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Haga
- Lab of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Grassland Management Research Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daiki Katoh
- Lab of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kyoung-ha So
- Lab of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ki-choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - U-suk Jung
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kazuo Katoh
- Lab of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sang-gun Roh
- Lab of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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15
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Kim DH, Choi KC, Ichinohe T, Song SH. Effects of different roughage sources and feeding levels on adipogenesis of ovine adipocytes. Anim Sci J 2015; 86:943-51. [PMID: 26153850 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to conduct an adipogenic evaluation of different roughage sources and feeding levels during ruminant adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Six wether sheep were divided into a timothy hay feeding group (TFG, n = 3) and an Italian ryegrass straw feeding group (IFG, n = 3). The sheep were fed high-roughage (HR), medium roughage (MR) and low-roughage (LR) diets in a one-way layout design each over a 6-day period. Sheep serum samples collected on the last day of each dietary treatment were added to an adipogenic induction medium for differentiation of preadipocytes derived from sheep subcutaneous adipose tissue. The cytoplasmic lipid accumulations in the TFG serum-treated preadipocytes were significantly higher than those of the IFG-serum treated preadipocytes on day 12. Messenger RNA expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-α, C/EBP-β, C/EBP-δ, fatty-acid-binding protein (aP2) and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) were regulated by each serum treatment. This study shows that different roughage source diets and roughage-to-concentrate ratio diets can regulate adipocyte differentiation via ruminant blood composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Kim
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Ki-Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Toshiyoshi Ichinohe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Sang-Houn Song
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
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Yamauchi E, Suzuki Y, So KH, Suzuki KI, Katoh K, Roh SG. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Coding Region of Bovine Chemerin Gene and Their Associations with Carcass Traits in Japanese Black Cattle. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:1084-9. [PMID: 26104515 PMCID: PMC4478475 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemerin, highly expressed in adipose and liver tissues, regulates glucose and lipid metabolism and immunity in these tissues in ruminants and mice. Our previous reports showed that chemerin is involved in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue as an adipokine. The aim of the present study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region of the chemerin gene and to analyze their effects on carcass traits and intramuscular fatty acid compositions in Japanese Black cattle. The SNPs in the bovine chemerin gene were detected in 232 Japanese Black steers (n = 161) and heifers (n = 71) using DNA sequencing. The results revealed five novel silent mutations: NM_001046020: c.12A>G (4aa), c.165G<A (55aa), c.276C>T (92aa), c.321 A>G (107aa), and c.396C>T (132aa). There was no association between 4 of the SNPs (c.12A>G [4aa], c.165G<A [55aa], c.321 A>G [107aa], and c.396C>T) and carcass traits or intramuscular fatty acid compositions. Regarding the remaining SNP, c.276C>T, we found that cattle with genotype CC had a higher beef marbling score than that of cattle with genotype CT, whereas cattle with genotype CT had a higher body condition score (p<0.10). Further, cattle with genotype CC had significantly higher C18:0 content in their intramuscular fat tissue than that of cattle with genotype CT (p<0.05). On the other hand, cattle with genotype CT had significantly higher C14:0 and C16:0 content in their intramuscular fat tissue (p<0.05). Moreover, the number of individuals carrying the minor allele of c.276C>T SNP is small. It is suggested that the c.276C>T SNP of the chemerin gene has potential in cattle breeding using modern methods, such as marker assisted selection. So, further functional and physiological research elucidating the impact of the chemerin gene on bovine lipid metabolism including fatty acid synthesis will help in understanding these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Yamauchi
- Lab of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi-ken 981-8555, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Lab of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi-ken 981-8555, Japan
| | - Kyoung-Ha So
- Lab of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi-ken 981-8555, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichi Suzuki
- Lab of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi-ken 981-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuo Katoh
- Lab of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi-ken 981-8555, Japan
| | - Sang-Gun Roh
- Lab of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi-ken 981-8555, Japan
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18
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So KH, Suzuki Y, Yonekura S, Suzuki Y, Lee CH, Kim SW, Katoh K, Roh SG. Soluble extract of soybean fermented with Aspergillus oryzae GB107 inhibits fat accumulation in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:439-44. [PMID: 26244085 PMCID: PMC4523490 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.4.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented soybean (FS) extract on adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation using cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with FS and nonfermented soybean (NFS) extract during differentiation for 10 days in vitro. Oil red O staining was performed and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity was measured for analysis of fat accumulation. Expressions of adipogenic genes were measured. RESULTS Soluble extract of soybean fermented with Aspergillus oryzae GB107 contained higher levels of low-molecular-weight protein than conventional soybean protein did. FS extract (50 µg/ml) inhibited adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes for 10 days in vitro. Significantly lower GPDH activity was observed in differentiated adipocytes treated with the FS extract than those treated with NFS extract. Treatment with FS extract resulted in decreased expression levels of leptin, adiponectin, and adipogenin genes, which are associated with adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS This report is the first to demonstrate that the water-soluble extract from FS inhibits fat accumulation and lipid storage in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Thus, the soybean extract fermented with A. oryzae GB107 could be used to control lipid accumulation in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Ha So
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuki Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano-ken 399-4598, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yonekura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Nagano-ken 399-4598, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | | | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Kazuo Katoh
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Sang-Gun Roh
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
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Yi KJ, So KH, Hata Y, Suzuki Y, Kato D, Watanabe K, Aso H, Kasahara Y, Nishimori K, Chen C, Katoh K, Roh SG. The regulation of oxytocin receptor gene expression during adipogenesis. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:335-42. [PMID: 25702774 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although it has been reported that oxytocin stimulates lipolysis in adipocytes, changes in the expression of oxytocin receptor (OTR) mRNA in adipogenesis are still unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of OTR mRNA during adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in adipocytes. OTR mRNA was highly expressed in adipocytes prepared from mouse adipose tissues compared to stromal-vascular cells. OTR mRNA expression was increased during the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. OTR expression levels were higher in subcutaneous and epididymal adipose tissues of 14-week-old male mice compared to 7-week-old male mice. Levels of OTR mRNA expression were higher in adipose tissues at four different sites of mice fed a high-fat diet than in those of mice fed a normal diet. The OTR expression level was also increased by refeeding for 4 h after fasting for 16 h. Oxytocin significantly induced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In conclusion, a new regulatory mechanism is demonstrated for oxytocin to control the differentiation and fat accumulation in adipocytes via activation of OTR as a part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adipose axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Yi
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Sugita H, Ardiyanti A, Yokota S, Yonekura S, Hirayama T, Shoji N, Yamauchi E, Suzuki K, Katoh K, Roh SG. Effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms in GH gene promoter region on carcass traits and intramuscular fatty acid compositions in Japanese Black cattle. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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