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Atzori AS, Atamer Balkan B, Gallo A. Feedback thinking in dairy farm management: system dynamics modelling for herd dynamics. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 5:100905. [PMID: 37558585 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Systems perspectives and system dynamics have been widely used in decision-making for agricultural problems. However, their use in dairy farm management remains limited. This work demonstrates the use of systems approaches and feedback thinking in modelling for dairy farm management. The application of feedback thinking was illustrated with causal loop and stock-and-flow diagrams to disentangle the complexity of the relationship among farm elements. The study aimed to identify the dynamic processes of an intensive dairy farm by mapping the animal stocks (e.g., heifers, lactating cows, dry cows) with the final objective of anticipating the expected milk deliveries over a long time period. The project was conducted for a reference dairy farm that was intensively managed with a herd size of >2 500 cattle heads, which provided monthly farm records from Jan 2016 to Dec 2019. Model development steps included: (i) problem articulation with farm interviews and data analysis; (ii) the development of a dynamic hypothesis and a causal loop diagram; (iii) the development of a stock-and-flow cattle model describing ageing chains of heifers and cows and subsequent calibration of the model parameters; (iv) the evaluation of the model based on lactating cows and milk deliveries against farm historical records; and (v) the analysis of the model results. The model characterized the farm dynamics using three main feedback loops: one balancing loop of culling and two reinforcing loops of heifers' replacement and cows' pregnancy, pushing milk delivery. The model reproduced the historical oscillation patterns of lactating cows and milk deliveries with high accuracy (root mean square percentage error of 2.8 and 5.2% for the number of lactating cows and milk deliveries, respectively). The model was shown to be valid for its purpose, and applications of this model in dairy farm management can support decision-making practices for herd composition and milk delivery targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Atzori
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy; System Dynamics Italian Chapter, Italy
| | - B Atamer Balkan
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy; System Dynamics Italian Chapter, Italy.
| | - A Gallo
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; System Dynamics Italian Chapter, Italy
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de Lima Guimarães Yamada K, Dos Santos GT, Damasceno JC, de Almeida KV, Osorio JAC, Lourenço JCS, Gurgel ALC, Dias-Silva TP, de Araújo MJ, Ítavo LCV, Benchaar C. Effects of heat-stress-reducing systems on blood constituents, milk production and milk quality of Holstein and Jersey cows and heifers on pasture. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:386. [PMID: 37907781 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different heat-stress-reducing systems, i.e., sprinkler + artificial shade, shower + artificial shade, and artificial shade, on serum mineral, hormonal, hematological, and metabolite profiles, on milk production, and milk composition in lactating cows and pubertal heifers of Holstein and Jersey breeds. For this purpose, 12 animals were used: 3 Holstein cows with an average (mean ± SD) body weight of 600 ± 30 kg, 53 ± 11 months of age, and milk yield of 27 ± 3.5 kg/day; 3 Jersey cows with an average body weight of 370 ± 11 kg, 40 ± 6 months of age, and milk production of 11 ± 1.5 kg/day; 3 Holstein heifers (325 ± 25 kg and 16 ± 0.6 months of age); and 3 Jersey heifers (250 ± 25 kg and 13 ± 0.6 months of age). Animals were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments that included three treatments (sprinkler + artificial shade, shower + artificial shade, and artificial shade), two breeds (Holstein, Jersey), and two physiological stages (lactating cows, heifers). The experimental treatments influenced (P < 0.05) the concentrations of triiodothyronine, with the shower and shade systems showing greater and similar concentrations (99.5 and 96.3 µg/dL, respectively) when compared with sprinkler treatment (89.2 µg/dL). There was an effect (P < 0.05) of breed on the concentrations of Na + , K + , hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume levels with the Holsteins having lower levels of Na + , K + , hemoglobin, hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (101.1, 4.0 ng/mL, 11.2 g/dL, 24.7%, and 42.3 μm3, respectively) than the Jerseys (106.5 and 4.3 ng/mL, 12.4 g/dL, 27.7%, and 46.3 μm3, respectively. Total cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins were influenced by physiological stage (P < 0.05). Concentrations of cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins were higher for cows (94.1, and 56.9 mg/dL, respectively) than for heifers (56.9 and 42,9 mf/dL, respectively). Milk production and fat content were affected (P < 0.05) by breed (P < 0.05), with Holstein cows producing more milk (23.9 kg/day) than Jersey cows (12.0 kg/day), but Jersey cows had higher fat concentration (4.6%) than Holstein cows (3.0%). Therefore, the three different thermal-stress-reducing-systems tested were able to maintain the serum biomarkers within normal physiological ranges. However, the most appropriate thermal-stress-reducing-systems would be a sprinkler systema because it uses less water compared with the shower system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Júlio César Damasceno
- Department of Animal Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, 87020900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcos Jácome de Araújo
- Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus, Piauí, 64900-000, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Chaouki Benchaar
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC, J1M 1Z3, Canada
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Mesele F, Leta S, Amenu K, Abunna F. Occurrence of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 in lactating cows and dairy farm environment and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern at Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha District, Ethiopia. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:6. [PMID: 36627664 PMCID: PMC9832739 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03565-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food-borne pathogens are the foremost causes of food-borne human illness in the world. Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) is one of the major food-borne pathogenic bacteria around the world. Though evidence is lacking; especially in developing countries like Ethiopia, the potential health impact of E. coli O157:H7 can be high where food production, handling and consumption is often taking place under unhygienic conditions. In Ethiopia, studies reported E. coli and E. coli O157: H7 from food of animal origin, mainly meat and milk, and also animal surfaces and feces. The objective of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 in raw milk and the dairy production farm environment and further assess the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the bacterium. METHODS Samples of milk from individual lactating cows' and dairy farm environmental samples (feces, water and manure) were collected at Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha district (ATJKD) and analyzed for the presence of E. coli O157:H7. Standard microbiological techniques including culture, biochemical testing and serological test were performed to isolate and identify the bacterium. The bacterial isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility patterns using disk diffusion method. A questionnaire was used to collect possible factors affecting E. coli O157:H7 occurrence. RESULTS The overall prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 was 4.7% (19/408) (95% CI: 2.6; 6.7). Out of 19 E. coli O157:H7 isolates, 4/50, 7/154, 2/50, and 6/154 were from water, milk, manure, and feces samples, respectively. From potential risk factors considered in this study area, floor type, cleaning of pens, milking location and hand washing during the time of milking were significantly associated with the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern indicated varying degrees of resistance. All of the isolates were found to be resistant ampicillin, cephalothin, and rifampin, and 100% susceptibility was observed against the drugs: chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, and tetracycline. Concerning streptomycin, 63.15% of the isolates were susceptible and 36.8% showed intermediate susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of multi-drug resistance E. coli O157:H7 observed both in lactating cows and in dairy farm environments can sustain a continuous transmission of the bacteria. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant E. coli o157:H7could hamper the control and prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frehiwot Mesele
- Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia ,grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Addis Ababa University, Collage of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia Ethiopia
| | - Samson Leta
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Addis Ababa University, Collage of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Amenu
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Addis Ababa University, Collage of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia Ethiopia
| | - Fufa Abunna
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Addis Ababa University, Collage of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia Ethiopia
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Sun LL, Liu L, Brenna JT, Wu ZH, Ma L, Bu DP. Odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in milk fat from Holstein dairy cows are influenced by physiological factors. Animal 2022; 16:100545. [PMID: 35636331 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy products are the major source of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFAs), a group of nutrients with emerging health benefits. The animal diet is known to influence milk fat OBCFAs of dairy cows; however, little is known about the effects of physiological factors. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of parity and lactation stage on OBCFAs in milk fat of dairy cows. Holstein dairy cows (n = 157) were selected according to parity (first, second, third, or greater) and days in milk (DIM) (≤21 DIM, 21 < DIM ≤ 100, 100 < DIM ≤ 200, >200 DIM). All cows were fed the same total mixed ration for three weeks. Milk samples were collected during the last three days of each lactation stage for fatty acid (FA) analyses via gas chromatography. Results showed that first- and second-parity cows displayed significantly higher proportions and yields of iso-14:0, iso-15:0, iso-16:0, total iso-FA, and total branched-chain FA (P < 0.05) compared with other parities. The proportions of C17:0 and C17:1 cis-9 were also greater in first-parity cows (P < 0.05), while the yields of C17:0 and C17:1 cis-9 were similar among different parities (P > 0.05). The proportions of total OBCFAs were greater in first- and second-parity cows (P < 0.05), whereas the highest yield was observed in second-parity cows. Lactation dairy cows in ≤ 21 DIM group displayed lower proportions of iso-13:0, anteiso-13:0, C13:0, iso-14:0, C15:0, iso-16:0, total iso-FA, and total OBCFAs compared with that of the other groups (P < 0.05), and also lower yields of iso-14:0 and iso-16:0 (P < 0.05). In contrast, C17:0 and C17:1 cis-9 proportions and yields were higher in dairy cows with ≤ 21 DIM (P < 0.05). Iso-17:0 and anteiso-17:0 were not affected by lactation stage (P > 0.05). Taken together, our data showed that both parity and lactation stage have considerable effects on milk fat OBCFAs of dairy cows. In summary, first- and second-parity cows had higher milk OBCFAs compared with later parity cows, and OBCFAs with medium chain lengths were lower in dairy cows with ≤ 21 DIM, while C17:0 and C17:1 cis-9 were higher. These findings show that milk OBCFA contents are differentially modulated by physiological state. They will be useful in future studies that seek to alter OBCFA composition of Holstein dairy cow milk fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - L Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - J T Brenna
- Departments of Nutrition and of Chemistry, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78705, USA
| | - Z H Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - L Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - D P Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Joint Laboratory on Integrated Crop-Tree-Livestock Systems of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) and World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Beijing 100193, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, Changsha 410000, China.
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Soares C, Rocha Júnior VR, Monção FP, Borges LDA, Caldeira LA, Costa NM, Ruas JRM, Rigueira JPS, da Cunha Siqueira Carvalho C, de Sales ECJ, de Assis Pires DA, Chamone JMA. Combinations of cactus pear with different roughage sources on the production, chemical composition, and milk fatty acid profile of F1 Holstein/Zebu cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2567-2576. [PMID: 32445157 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The qualities of food, mainly of animal origin, have always been of concern to consumers. It is known that the composition of animals' diets can influence the composition of the foods produced, such as milk. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate diets with cactus pear in combination with different forages for F1 Holstein/Zebu cows on the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of milk. Two simultaneous 4 × 4 Latin squares were used in the experimental design. Four experimental diets were used: Diet 1, sorghum silage as the only roughage; Diet 2, sorghum silage combined with cactus pear in a proportion of 50% of the roughage (dry matter basis); Diet 3, elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Roxo) as the only roughage; and Diet 4, elephant grass combined with cactus pear in a proportion of 50% of the roughage. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 75:25. The milk urea nitrogen was higher (16.08 mg/dL) in the milk of cows fed the diet with only elephant grass than that of milk from the other diet groups. The other analyzed variables of the chemical composition of milk were not influenced by the diets. However, there was a change in the sum of the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. The content of C16:0 fatty acid was higher and that of C18:0 was lower in the milk of cows fed the cactus pear diets than in that of cows fed the other diets. Higher levels of oleic acid were observed in the milk of cows fed with diets containing elephant grass than those in the milk of the cows in the sorghum forage groups. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was higher in the milk of cows fed cactus pear than in that of the other cows. The combination of cactus pear with elephant grass or sorghum silage in the diet did not alter the chemical composition of milk. However, it influenced the fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Soares
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - Flávio Pinto Monção
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Daniel Alcântara Borges
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - Luciana Albuquerque Caldeira
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - Natanael Mendes Costa
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - José Reinaldo Mendes Ruas
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - Cinara da Cunha Siqueira Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - Eleuza Clarete Junqueira de Sales
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
| | - Julieta Maria Alencar Chamone
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, State University of Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, Janauba, Minas Gerais, 2630, Brazil
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Tao S, Orellana Rivas RM, Marins TN, Chen YC, Gao J, Bernard JK. Impact of heat stress on lactational performance of dairy cows. Theriogenology 2020; 150:437-444. [PMID: 32173067 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lactating dairy cows exhibit a myriad of responses to heat stress. These responses partially facilitate the thermal balance between heat gain and heat loss, but also account for reduction in productivity. Decreased milk yield is the most recognized impact of heat stress on a dairy cow and results in significant economic loss to dairy producers. The reduced milk yield by heat stress is observed when daily average temperature-humidity index exceeds 68, above which the milk yield of a cow is negatively correlated with temperature-humidity index or dry bulb temperature. Milk yield is also positively correlated with body temperature of the cows under evaporative cooling, which reflects the positive relationship between metabolic heat production and milk yield. During summer, feed intake is positively correlated with milk yield, and the decreased intake explains at least half of the reduction in milk yield by heat stress. These emphasize the importance of maintaining intake on productivity during summer. Although not entirely clear, mechanisms that mediate the reduced milk yield by heat stress in addition to intake may be multifactorial. These could include but are not limited to altered metabolism, potential activation of immune system and inflammation, changes in behavior, and altered mammary gland development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tao
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, 110 Research Way, Building 4603, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA.
| | - Ruth M Orellana Rivas
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, 110 Research Way, Building 4603, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Thiago N Marins
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, 110 Research Way, Building 4603, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Yun-Chu Chen
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, 110 Research Way, Building 4603, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, 110 Research Way, Building 4603, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - John K Bernard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, 110 Research Way, Building 4603, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
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Uchiyama J, Murakami H, Sato R, Mizukami K, Suzuki T, Shima A, Ishihara G, Sogawa K, Sakaguchi M. Examination of the fecal microbiota in dairy cows infected with bovine leukemia virus. Vet Microbiol 2019; 240:108547. [PMID: 31902503 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Infection of cattle by bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes significant economic losses in terms of milk and meat production in many countries. Because the gut microbiota may be altered by immunomodulation resulting from viral infections, we hypothesized that latent BLV infection would change the gut (i.e., rumen and hindgut) microbiota of infected cattle. In this study, we compared the gut microbiota of 22 uninfected and 29 BLV-infected Holstein-Friesian cows kept on the same farm, by 16S rRNA amplicon sequence analysis of fecal samples. First, we found that the fecal microbial diversity of BLV-infected cows differed slightly from that of uninfected cows. According to differential abundance analysis, some bacterial taxa associated with ruminal fermentation, such as Lachnospiraceae and Veillonellaceae families, were enriched in the fecal microbiota of uninfected cows. Second, the virus propagation ability of BLV strains was examined in vitro, and the correlation of the fecal microbiota with this virus propagation ability was analyzed. Higher virus propagation was shown to lead to less diversity in the microbiota. Differential abundance analysis showed that one bacterial taxon of genus Sanguibacteroides was negatively correlated with the virus propagation ability of BLV strains. Considering these results, BLV infection was speculated to decrease energy production efficiency in the cows via modification of rumen and hindgut microbiota, which partly relies on the virus propagation ability of BLV strains. This may explain the secondary negative effects of BLV infections such as increased susceptibility to other infections and decreased lifetime milk production and reproductive efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Uchiyama
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe 1-17-71, Chuo-ku Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Hironobu Murakami
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe 1-17-71, Chuo-ku Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Reiichiro Sato
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe 1-17-71, Chuo-ku Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keijiro Mizukami
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe 1-17-71, Chuo-ku Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takehito Suzuki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe 1-17-71, Chuo-ku Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayaka Shima
- Anicom Insurance, Inc., 8-17-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 171-0033, Japan
| | - Genki Ishihara
- Anicom Insurance, Inc., 8-17-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 171-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sogawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe 1-17-71, Chuo-ku Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakaguchi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Fuchinobe 1-17-71, Chuo-ku Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
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Xie Y, Wu Z, Wang D, Liu J. Nitrogen partitioning and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows with different phenotypic residual feed intake. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:54. [PMID: 31236271 PMCID: PMC6580507 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Residual feed intake (RFI) is an inheritable measure of feed efficiency that is independent on level of production. However, physiological and metabolic mechanisms underlying divergent RFI are not fully elucidated. This study was conducted to investigate dietary nitrogen (N) partitioning and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows divergent in phenotypic RFI. Results Thirty Holstein dairy cows (milk yield = 35.3 ± 4.71 kg/d; milk protein yield = 1.18 ± 0.13 kg/d; mean ± standard deviation) were selected for the experiment to derive RFI. After the RFI measurement period of 50 d, the 10 lowest RFI cows and 8 highest RFI cows were selected. The low RFI cows had lower dry matter intake (DMI, P < 0.05) than the high RFI cows, but they produced similar energy-corrected milk. The ratios of milk to DMI (1.41 vs. 1.24, P < 0.01) and energy-corrected milk to DMI (1.48 vs. 1.36, P < 0.01) were greater in low RFI cows than those in the high RFI cows. The low RFI cows had lower milk urea nitrogen than that in the high RFI cows (P = 0.05). Apparent digestibility of nutrients did not differ between two groups (P > 0.10). Compared with high RFI animals, the low RFI cows had a lower retention of N (5.72 vs. 51.4 g/d, P < 0.05) and a higher partition of feed N to milk N (29.7% vs. 26.5%, P < 0.05). Conclusions The results suggest that differences in N partition, synthesis of microbial protein, and utilization of metabolizable protein could be part of the mechanisms associated with variance in the RFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Xie
- Institute of Dairy Science, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Zezhong Wu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Diming Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
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Mellouk N, Ramé C, Diot M, Briant E, Touzé JL, Guillaume D, Froment P, Dupont J. Possible involvement of the RARRES2/CMKLR1-system in metabolic and reproductive parameters in Holstein dairy cows. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:25. [PMID: 30777067 PMCID: PMC6380063 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dairy cows, the energy cost of milk yield results in a negative energy balance (EB) and body fat mobilization that impairs reproductive efficiency. Emerging evidence suggests that the novel adipokines, Retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 (RARRES2), and its main receptor, Chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) are involved in the regulation of metabolic and ovarian functions. So, we investigated in a first experiment the plasma RARRES2, and RARRES2 and CMKLR1 mRNA expression levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and granulosa cells (GC) at different times of body fat mobilization in dairy cows (4, 8, 20 and 44 weeks postpartum, wk. pp. for SAT and 8, 20 and 44 wk. pp. for GC). Then, in a second experiment we examined the effect of high (HE) and low energy (LE) diets on the RARRES2 system and its links with metabolic and reproductive parameters. METHODS The first experiment included 9 animals fed with HE diet from 4 to 44 wk. pp. and the second one included animals fed either a HE diet (n = 8) or a LE diet (n = 8) from - 4 to 16 wk. peripartum. In both experiments, various metabolic and reproductive parameters were determined and associated with plasma RARRES2 as measured by bovine ELISA. RARRES2 and CMKLR1 mRNA expression levels were analyzed by RT-qPCR in SAT after biopsy and GC after aspiration of follicles. RESULTS Plasma RARRES2 levels were higher at 4 wk. pp. as compared to 20 and 44 wk. pp. and they were positively correlated with body fat mobilization and milk yield. RARRES2 and CMKLR1 mRNA expression levels increased from 4 to 8 wk. pp. (fat mobilization, EB < 0) and remained unchanged at 20 and 44 wk. pp. (fat reconstitution, EB > 0) as compared to 4 wk. pp. in SAT. RARRES2 and CMKLR1 mRNA levels decreased from 8 to 44 wk. pp. in GC from small follicles. In the second experiment, plasma RARRES2 increased from - 4 to 8 wk. peripartum similarly in both LE and HE cows. In addition, the area under of plasma RARRES2 curve was highly negatively associated with the number of small follicles obtained in HE animals during the cycle before the first artificial insemination. In SAT of HE cows, RARRES2 mRNA expression decreased at 1 wk. pp. compared to - 4 and 16 wk. peripartum whereas opposite expression patterns were obtained for CMKLR1. Similar results were observed for CMKLR1 mRNA expression in LE cows while there was no variation in RARRES2 mRNA expression. Moreover, RARRES2 mRNA was higher expressed in LE than in HE cows at 1 wk. pp. CONCLUSIONS The lactation-induced fat and energy mobilization influenced plasma RARRES2 profile and mRNA expression pattern of RARRES2 and CMKLR1 similarly in both SAT and GC. In addition, the energy content of the diet did not affect plasma RARRES2 but it altered RARRES2 mRNA expression in SAT and the area under the curve of plasma RARRES2 that was negatively associated to the number of small follicles in HE animals. Thus, RARRES2 could be a metabolic or ovarian signal involved in the interactions between metabolic and reproductive functions in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namya Mellouk
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0001 2182 6141grid.12366.30France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0001 2182 6141grid.12366.30France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Mélodie Diot
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0001 2182 6141grid.12366.30France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric Briant
- INRA - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle de Physiologie Animale de l’Orfrasière de Tours UEPAO 1297, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Jean-Luc Touzé
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0001 2182 6141grid.12366.30France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Daniel Guillaume
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0001 2182 6141grid.12366.30France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0001 2182 6141grid.12366.30France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0004 0385 4036grid.464126.3France CNRS UMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- 0000 0001 2182 6141grid.12366.30France Université François Rabelais de Tours F-37041 Tours, France IFCE, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
- grid.418065.eUnité de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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Zou Y, Dong S, Du Y, Li S, Wang Y, Cao Z. Effects of moisture content or particle size on the in situ degradability of maize silage and alfalfa haylage in lactating dairy cows. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:249-252. [PMID: 29767101 PMCID: PMC5941027 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A study using four Holstein cows with ruminal cannulas was conducted to evaluate the degradability of different moisture content or particle size of maize silage and alfalfa haylage. The maize silage (MS; 20-mm length) and alfalfa haylage (AH; 40-mm length) samples were wet (wet maize silage, MSW; wet alfalfa haylage, AHW), dried (dried maize silage, MSD; dried alfalfa haylage, AHD), or ground to pass through a 2.5-mm screen (dried ground maize silage, MSG; dried ground alfalfa haylage, AHG). Samples were incubated in the rumen for 2, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h. Cows were fed ad libitum and allowed free access to water. High moisture content treatment of MSW expressed a lower rinsing NDF and ADF degradability at 2 h (P < 0.05) compared with dried samples (MSD and MSG). Different moisture content and particle size had a significant impact (P < 0.05) on the NDF degradability at 72 h, ADF degradability at 36, 48, and 72 h, and ruminally degradable ADF. All of the highest values were observed in small particle size and low moisture content AHG treatment. Based on this study, sample processing, such as drying and grinding, should be considered when evaluating nutritive values of forages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuangzhao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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