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Lambo MT, Ma H, Liu R, Dai B, Zhang Y, Li Y. Review: Mechanism, effectiveness, and the prospects of medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds in lowering ruminants' enteric methane emission. Animal 2024; 18:101134. [PMID: 38593679 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal nutritionists continue to investigate new strategies to combat the challenge of methane emissions from ruminants. Medicinal plants (MPs) are known to be beneficial to animal health and exert functional roles in livestock due to their phytogenic compounds with antimicrobial, immunostimulatory, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities. Some MP has been reported to be anti-methanogenic and can effectively lower ruminants' enteric methane emissions. This review overviews trends in MP utilization in ruminants, their bioactivity and their effectiveness in lowering enteric methane production. It highlights the MP regulatory mechanism and the gaps that must be critically addressed to improve its efficacy. MP could reduce enteric methane production by up to 8-50% by regulating the rumen fermentation pathway, directing hydrogen toward propionogenesis, and modifying rumen diversity, structure, and population of the methanogens and protozoa. Yet, factors such as palatability, extraction techniques, and economic implications must be further considered to exploit their potential fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Lambo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - H Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - R Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - B Dai
- College of Electrical Engineering and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Y Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Y Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Seasonal diets supersede host species in shaping the distal gut microbiota of Yaks and Tibetan sheep. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22626. [PMID: 34799677 PMCID: PMC8604981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Yaks and Tibetan sheep are important and renowned livestock of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Both host genetics and environmental factors can shape the composition of gut microbiota, however, there is still no consensus on which is the more dominant factor. To investigate the influence of hosts and seasons on the gut microbiome diversity component, we collected fecal samples from yaks and Tibetan sheep across different seasons (summer and winter), during which they consumed different diets. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, principal component analysis (PCoA) data showed that PCo1 explained 57.4% of the observed variance (P = 0.001) and clearly divided winter samples from summer ones, while PCo2 explained 7.1% of observed variance (P = 0.001) and mainly highlighted differences in host species. Cluster analysis data revealed that the gut microbiota composition displayed a convergence caused by season and not by genetics. Further, we profiled the gut microbial community and found that the more dominant genera in yak and Tibetan sheep microbiota were influenced by seasonal diets factors rather than genetics. This study therefore indicated that seasonal diet can trump host genetics even at higher taxonomic levels, thus providing a cautionary note for the breeding and management of these two species.
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Amanzougarene Z, Fondevila M. Fitting of the In Vitro Gas Production Technique to the Study of High Concentrate Diets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101935. [PMID: 33096765 PMCID: PMC7590040 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The in vitro gas production technique, either based on volume or pressure measurements, was initially set up for the evaluation of the rate and extent of fermentation of feeds for ruminants. Since it is carried out under pH conditions simulating a well-buffered medium (from pH 6.5 to 6.8), it has been generally focused to evaluation of forages and fibrous by-products, or by estimating fermentation of concentrate feeds (cereals, protein sources) for extrapolation of their use in mixed diets. However, it has also been used for determination of the nutritive value of feeds in all-concentrate diets, without taking into account that in such cases pH may range between 6.5 and 5.8, and often below this range, creating unfavourable conditions for bacterial fermentation. Modifying the concentration of bicarbonate ion in the incubation solution allows to adjust the incubation pH to conditions that simulate the in vitro fermentation conditions to those occurring under high-concentrate feeding. This highlights the importance of the incubation pH for the estimation of fermentation of feeds. Abstract In vitro rumen fermentation systems are often adapted to forage feeding conditions, with pH values ranging in a range close to neutrality (between 6.5 and 7.0). Several attempts using different buffers have been made to control incubation pH in order to evaluate microbial fermentation under conditions simulating high concentrate feeding, but results have not been completely successful because of rapid exhaustion of buffering capacity. Recently, a modification of bicarbonate ion concentration in the buffer of incubation solution has been proposed, which, together with using rumen inoculum from donor ruminants given high-concentrate diets, allows for mimicking such conditions in vitro. It is important to consider that the gas volume recorded is in part directly produced from microbial fermentation of substrates, but also indirectly from the buffering capacity of the medium. Thus, the contribution of each (direct and indirect) gas source to the overall production should be estimated. Another major factor affecting fermentation is the rate of passage, but closed batch systems cannot be adapted to its consideration. Therefore, a simple semicontinuous incubation system has been developed, which studies the rate and extent of fermentation by gas production at the time it allows for controlling medium pH and rate of passage by manual replacement of incubation medium by fresh saliva without including rumen inoculum. The application of this system to studies using high concentrate feeding conditions will also be reviewed here.
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Sun Y, Sun Y, Shi Z, Liu Z, Zhao C, Lu T, Gao H, Zhu F, Chen R, Zhang J, Pan R, Li B, Teng L, Guo S. Gut Microbiota of Wild and Captive Alpine Musk Deer ( Moschus chrysogaster). Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3156. [PMID: 32038587 PMCID: PMC6985557 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As for the wild animals, their diet components are always changed, so that we have to monitor such changes by analyzing the modification of intestinal microbial community. Such effort allows us to amend their conservation strategies and tactics accordingly so that they are able to appropriately adapt to the new environment and dietary selection. In this study we focus on the gut flora of two groups of an endangered species, Alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster), wild group (WG) which is compared with that of the individuals of the same species but kept in the captivities (CG), a control group. Such a project is aimed to work out whether the composition of the gut microbes has significantly been changed due to captive feedings. To do so, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize gut bacteria of the musk deer from the two groups. The results show that there is a significant difference in community structure of the bacteria: WG shows significant enrichment of Firmicutes and depletion of Bacteroidetes, while CG has a significant abundance of Proteobacteria and Euryarchaeota. Metagenomics was used to analyze the differences in functional enzymes between the two groups. The related results indicate that genes in WG are mostly related to the enzymes digesting cellulose and generating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) for signaling pathways, but CG shows enrichment in methanogenesis, including the CO2/H2 pathway and the methylotrophic pathway. Thus, this study indicates that the Firmicutes-rich gut microbiota in the WG enables individuals to maximize their energy intake from the cellulose, and has significant abundance of Euryarchaeota and methanogenesis pathways that allow them to reduce redundant energy consumption in methane metabolism, ensuring them to adapt to the wild environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewen Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujiao Sun
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhensheng Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation, China State Forestry Administration, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Taofeng Lu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Hui Gao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruliang Pan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Baoguo Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liwei Teng
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Songtao Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Demirtas A, Ozturk H, Sudagidan M, Keyvan E, Yavuz O, Gulay OY, Musa SAA. Effects of commercial aldehydes from green leaf volatiles (green odour) on rumen microbial population and fermentation profile in an artificial rumen (Rusitec). Anaerobe 2019; 55:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Xia C, Aziz Ur Rahman M, Yang H, Shao T, Qiu Q, Su H, Cao B. Effect of increased dietary crude protein levels on production performance, nitrogen utilisation, blood metabolites and ruminal fermentation of Holstein bulls. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 31:1643-1653. [PMID: 29879836 PMCID: PMC6127588 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study investigated the effect of dietary crude protein (CP) supplementation on nutrient intake, nitrogen (N) utilisation, blood metabolites, ruminal fermentation and growth performance of young Holstein bulls. Methods Twenty-one young bulls weighing 277±11.2 kg were equally divided into three groups and were offered diets formulated with low CP (LCP; 10.21% CP and 4.22% rumen degradable protein [RDP]), medium CP (MCP; 12.35% CP and 5.17% RDP) and high CP (HCP; 14.24% CP and 6.03% RDP). Yellow corn silage was used as a unique forage source and was mixed with concentrate. This mixed feed was given ad libitum to the young bulls included in the study. Results Results showed that CP intake, blood urea nitrogen, N intake, total N excretion and N balance increased linearly with an increase in dietary CP level (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in nutrient digestibility among the bulls receiving the different diets. Ruminal pH (p<0.05) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration (p<0.01) were significantly higher in the bulls receiving the MCP and HCP diets than in those receiving the LCP diet. The bulls receiving the HCP diet showed significantly higher ruminal bacterial protein level, propionate, acetate and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentrations than bulls receiving the LCP diet (p<0.05). Moreover, dietary CP level exerted a significant positive effect on the final body weight, average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio of the bulls (p<0.05). Conclusion High dietary CP level is optimal for achieving maximum growth and high profitability without exerting a negative effect on the physiology of growing Holstein bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Aziz Ur Rahman
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.,Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 3800, Pakistan
| | - He Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Taoqi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Qinghua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huawei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Binghai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Kim ET, Moon YH, Min KS, Kim CH, Kim SC, Ahn SK, Lee SS. Changes in microbial diversity, methanogenesis and fermentation characteristics in the rumen in response to medicinal plant extracts. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:1289-94. [PMID: 25049911 PMCID: PMC4093396 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro effect of medicinal plant extracts on ruminal methanogenesis, four different groups of methanogens and ruminal fermentation characteristics. A fistulated Holstein cow was used as a donor of rumen fluid. Licorice and mugwort extracts (Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Artemisia capillaris, 0.5% and 1% of total substrate DM, respectively), previously used as folk remedies, were added to an in vitro fermentation incubated with buffered-rumen fluid. Total gas production in Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract treatment was not significantly different between treatments (p<0.05) while total gas production in the Artemisia capillaris extract treatment was lower than that of the control. Artemisia capillaris extract and Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract reduced CH4 emission by 14% (p<0.05) and 8% (p<0.05), respectively. Ciliate-associated methanogens population decreased by 18% in the medicinal plant extracts treatments. Medicinal plant extracts also affected the order Methanobacteriales community. Methanobacteriales diversity decreased by 35% in the Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract treatment and 30% in the Artemisia capillaris extract treatment. The order Methanomicrobiales population decreased by 50% in the 0.5% of Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract treatment. These findings demonstrate that medicinal plant extracts have the potential to inhibit in vitro ruminal methanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Tae Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Yea Hwang Moon
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Sam Churl Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Seung Kyu Ahn
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
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