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Kim HS, Eom JS, Lee SJ, Choi Y, Jo SU, Lee SS, Kim ET, Lee SS. Serum and milk metabolites of Holstein dairy cattle for the establishment of objective indicators in a subacute ruminal acidosis-induced. Anim Biosci 2023:ab.22.0486. [PMID: 36915930 PMCID: PMC10330974 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of metabolite levels in serum and milk obtained from cows fed on different concentrate to forage feed ratios. Methods Eight lactating Holstein cows were divided into two groups: a high forage ratio diet (HF; 80% Italian ryegrass and 20% concentrate of daily intake of DM) group and a high concentrate diet (HC; 20% Italian ryegrass and 80% concentrate) group. Blood was collected from the jugular vein, and milk was sampled using a milking machine. Metabolite levels in serum and milk were estimated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance and subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyses performed using Chenomx 8.4. For statistical analysis, Student's t-test and multivariate analysis were performed using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results In the Principal component analysis, a clear distinction between the two groups with regard to milk metabolites while serum metabolites were shown in similar. In serum, 95 metabolites were identified, and 13 metabolites (include leucine, lactulose, glucose, betaine, etc.) showed significant differences between the two groups. In milk, 122 metabolites were identified, and 20 metabolites (include urea, carnitine, acetate, butyrate, arabinitol, etc.) showed significant differences. Conclusion Our results show that different concentrate and forage feed ratios impact the metabolite levels in the serum and milk of lactating Holstein cows. A higher number of metabolites in milk, including those associated with milk fat synthesis and the presence of Escherichia coli in the rumen, differed between the two groups compared to that in the serum. The results of this study provide a useful insight into the metabolites associated with different concentrate and forge feed ratios in cows and may aid in the search for potential biomarkers for subacute ruminal acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sang Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jun Sik Eom
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Youyoung Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Seong Uk Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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Kim HS, Lee SJ, Eom JS, Choi Y, Jo SU, Kim J, Lee SS, Kim ET, Lee SS. Comparison of metabolites in rumen fluid, urine, and feces of dairy cow from subacute ruminal acidosis model measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:53-62. [PMID: 36108706 PMCID: PMC9834661 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, metabolites that changed in the rumen fluid, urine and feces of dairy cows fed different feed ratios were investigated. METHODS Eight Holstein cows were used in this study. Rumen fluid, urine, and feces were collected from the normal concentrate diet (NCD) (Italian ryegrass 80%: concentrate 20% in the total feed) and high concentrate diet (HCD) groups (20%: 80%) of dairy cows. Metabolite analysis was performed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) identification, and statistical analysis was performed using Chenomx NMR software 8.4 and Metaboanalyst 4.0. RESULTS The two groups of rumen fluid and urine samples were separated, and samples from the same group were aggregated together. On the other hand, the feces samples were not separated and showed similar tendencies between the two groups. In total, 160, 177, and 188 metabolites were identified in the rumen fluid, urine, and feces, respectively. The differential metabolites with low and high concentrations were 15 and 49, 14 and 16, and 2 and 2 in the rumen fluid, urine, and feces samples, in the NCD group. CONCLUSION As HCD is related to rumen microbial changes, research on different metabolites such as glucuronate, acetylsalicylate, histidine, and O-Acetylcarnitine, which are related to bacterial degradation and metabolism, will need to be carried out in future studies along with microbial analysis. In urine, the identified metabolites, such as gallate, syringate, and vanillate can provide insight into microbial, metabolic, and feed parameters that cause changes depending on the feed rate. Additionally, it is thought that they can be used as potential biomarkers for further research on subacute ruminal acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sang Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea,University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Jun Sik Eom
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Youyoung Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Seong Uk Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Jaemin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000,
Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea,University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828,
Korea,Corresponding Author: Sung Sill Lee, Tel: +82-55-772-1883, Fax: +82-55-772-1889, E-mail:
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Eom JS, Lee SJ, Kim HS, Choi Y, Jo SU, Lee SS, Kim ET, Lee SS. Metabolic profiling of serum and urine in lactating dairy cows
affected by subclinical ketosis using proton nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy. J Anim Sci Technol 2022; 64:247-261. [PMID: 35530404 PMCID: PMC9039949 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ketosis is associated with high milk yield during lactating or insufficient feed
intake in lactating dairy cows. However, few studies have been conducted on the
metabolomics of ketosis in Korean lactating dairy cows. The present study aimed
to investigate the serum and urine metabolites profiling of lactating dairy cows
through proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and
comparing those between healthy (CON) and subclinical ketosis (SCK) groups. Six
lactating dairy cows were categorized into CON and SCK groups. All experimental
Holstein cows were fed total mixed ration. Serum and urine samples were
collected from the jugular vein of the neck and by hand sweeping the perineum,
respectively. The metabolites in the serum and urine were determined using
1H-NMR spectroscopy. Identification and quantification of
metabolites was performed by Chenomx NMR Suite 8.4 software. Metabolites
statistical analysis was performed by Metaboanalyst version 5.0 program. In the
serum, the acetoacetate level was significantly (p <
0.05) higher in the SCK group than in the CON group, and whereas acetate,
galactose and pyruvate levels tended to be higher. CON group had significantly
(p < 0.05) higher levels of 5-aminolevulinate and
betaine. Indole-3-acetate, theophylline, p-cresol, 3-hydroxymandelate,
gentisate, N-acetylglucosamine,
N-nitrosodimethylamine, xanthine and pyridoxine levels were
significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the urine of the SCK
group than that in the CON group, which had higher levels of homogentisate,
ribose, gluconate, ethylene glycol, maltose, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate and
glycocholate. Some significantly (p < 0.05) different
metabolites in the serum and urine were associated with ketosis diseases,
inflammation, energy balance and body weight. This study will be contributed
useful a future ketosis metabolomics studies in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sik Eom
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- University Centered Labs, Gyeongsang
National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Youyoung Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21),
Gyeongsang National Universitiy, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Seong Uk Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21),
Gyeongsang National Universitiy, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe
Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National
University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute
of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan
31000, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- University Centered Labs, Gyeongsang
National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21),
Gyeongsang National Universitiy, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Corresponding author: Sung Sill Lee, Division of
Applied Life Science (BK21) & Institute of Agriculture and Life Science,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea. Tel: +82-55-772-1883,
E-mail:
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Eom JS, Kim ET, Kim HS, Choi YY, Lee SJ, Lee SS, Kim SH, Lee SS. Metabolomics comparison of serum and urine in dairy cattle using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:1930-1939. [PMID: 33902181 PMCID: PMC8563233 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to conduct metabolic profiling of dairy cattle serum and urine using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and to compare the results obtained with those of other dairy cattle herds worldwide so as to provide a basic dataset to facilitate research on metabolites in serum and urine. METHODS Six dairy cattle were used in this study; all animals were fed the same diet, which was composed of total mixed ration; the fed amounts were based on voluntary intake. Blood from the jugular neck vein of each steer was collected at the same time using a separate serum tube. Urine samples were collected by hand sweeping the perineum. The metabolites were determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed by performing principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, variable importance in projection scores, and metabolic pathway data using Metaboanalyst 4.0. RESULTS The total number of metabolites in the serum and urine was measured to be 115 and 193, respectively, of which 47 and 81, respectively were quantified. Lactate (classified as an organic acid) and urea (classified as an aliphatic acylic compound) exhibited the highest concentrations in serum and urine, respectively. Some metabolites that have been associated with diseases such as ketosis, bovine respiratory disease, and metritis, and metabolites associated with heat stress were also found in the serum and urine samples. CONCLUSION The metabolites measured in the serum and urine could potentially be used to detect diseases and heat stress in dairy cattle. The results could also be useful for metabolomic research on the serum and urine of ruminants in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sik Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - You Young Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Seon Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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5
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Park DS, Gu BH, Park YJ, Joo SS, Lee SS, Kim SH, Kim ET, Kim DH, Lee SS, Lee SJ, Kim BW, Kim M. Dynamic changes in blood immune cell composition and function in Holstein and Jersey steers in response to heat stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:705-720. [PMID: 34080136 PMCID: PMC8275816 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress has detrimental effects on livestock via diverse immune and physiological changes; heat-stressed animals are rendered susceptible to diverse diseases. However, there is relatively little information available regarding the altered immune responses of domestic animals in heat stress environments, particularly in cattle steers. This study aimed to determine the changes in the immune responses of Holstein and Jersey steers under heat stress. We assessed blood immune cells and their functions in the steers of two breeds under normal and heat stress conditions and found that immune cell proportions and functions were altered in response to different environmental conditions. Heat stress notably reduced the proportions of CD21+MHCII+ B cell populations in both breeds. We also observed breed-specific differences. Under heat stress, in Holstein steers, the expression of myeloperoxidase was reduced in the polymorphonuclear cells, whereas heat stress reduced the WC1+ γδ T cell populations in Jersey steers. Breed-specific changes were also detected based on gene expression. In response to heat stress, the expression of IL-10 and IL-17A increased in Holstein steers alone, whereas that of IL-6 increased in Jersey steers. Moreover, the mRNA expression pattern of heat shock protein genes such as Hsp70 and Hsp90 was significantly increased in only Holstein steers. Collectively, these results indicate that altered blood immunological profiles may provide a potential explanation for the enhanced susceptibility of heat-stressed steers to disease. The findings of this study provide important information that will contribute to developing new strategies to alleviate the detrimental effects of heat stress on steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Hee Gu
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Yei Ju Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Seok Joo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Rumunant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Rumunant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si, 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea.
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Joo SS, Lee SJ, Park DS, Kim DH, Gu BH, Park YJ, Rim CY, Kim M, Kim ET. Changes in Blood Metabolites and Immune Cells in Holstein and Jersey Dairy Cows by Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11040974. [PMID: 33807443 PMCID: PMC8065422 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As global temperatures rise, thermal stress can be a major problem affecting cows. If they are subjected to heat stress, they are likely to exhibit abnormal metabolic reactions and affect their immune system. However, the relationship between metabolism and immunity during thermal stress and these crosstalk mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the changes in blood immune cell response with the physiological metabolism changes of Holstein and Jersey cows through the biochemistry and flow cytometry branches under thermal stress conditions. We found that various blood metabolites were reduced in both Holsteins and Jerseys by heat stress conditions. There were breed-specific variations in the immune cell population in Holstein and Jersey cows under different environmental conditions. The main findings of this study provide information on the metabolism and immunity changes of two types of cow under heat stress, broadening the potential relationship of these changes. Abstract Owing to increasing global temperatures, heat stress is a major problem affecting dairy cows, and abnormal metabolic responses during heat stress likely influence dairy cow immunity. However, the mechanism of this crosstalk between metabolism and immunity during heat stress remains unclear. We used two representative dairy cow breeds, Holstein and Jersey, with distinct heat-resistance characteristics. To understand metabolic and immune responses to seasonal changes, normal environmental and high-heat environmental conditions, we assessed blood metabolites and immune cell populations. In biochemistry analysis from sera, we found that variety blood metabolites were decreased in both Holstein and Jersey cows by heat stress. We assessed changes in immune cell populations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using flow cytometry. There were breed-specific differences in immune-cell population changes. Heat stress only increased the proportion of B cells (CD4–CD21+) and heat stress tended to decrease the proportion of monocytes (CD11b+CD172a+) in Holstein cows. Our findings expand the understanding of the common and specific changes in metabolism and immune response of two dairy cow breeds under heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Seok Joo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.S.J.); (S.J.L.); (D.S.P.); (Y.J.P.); (C.Y.R.)
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.S.J.); (S.J.L.); (D.S.P.); (Y.J.P.); (C.Y.R.)
| | - Da Som Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.S.J.); (S.J.L.); (D.S.P.); (Y.J.P.); (C.Y.R.)
| | - Dong Hyeon Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea;
| | - Bon-Hee Gu
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
| | - Yei Ju Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.S.J.); (S.J.L.); (D.S.P.); (Y.J.P.); (C.Y.R.)
| | - Chae Yun Rim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.S.J.); (S.J.L.); (D.S.P.); (Y.J.P.); (C.Y.R.)
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.S.J.); (S.J.L.); (D.S.P.); (Y.J.P.); (C.Y.R.)
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.K.) and (E.T.K.); Tel.: +82-55-350-5516 (M.K.)
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.K.) and (E.T.K.); Tel.: +82-55-350-5516 (M.K.)
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7
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Amanullah SM, Kim DH, Paradhipta DHV, Lee HJ, Joo YH, Lee SS, Kim ET, Kim SC. Effects of Essential Fatty Acid Supplementation on in vitro Fermentation Indices, Greenhouse Gas, Microbes, and Fatty Acid Profiles in the Rumen. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:637220. [PMID: 33776970 PMCID: PMC7990791 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.637220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study estimated the effect of essential fatty acid (FA) supplementation on fermentation indices, greenhouse gases, microbes, and FA profiles in the rumen. The treatments used pure FAs consisting of C18:2n-6 FA (LA), C18:3n-3 FA (LNA), or a mixture of these FAs at 1:1 ratio (Combo). In vitro rumen incubation was performed in 50 mL glass serum bottles containing 2 mg of pure FAs, 15 mL of rumen buffer (rumen fluid+anaerobe culture medium = 1:2), and 150 mg of synthetic diet (411 g cellulose, 411 g starch, and 178 g casein/kg dry matter) at 39°C for 8 h with five replications and three blanks. In rumen fermentation indices, LA exhibited highest (P < 0.05) ammonia-N and total gas volume after 8 h of incubation. Furthermore, LA presented lower (P < 0.05) pH with higher (P < 0.05) total volatile fatty acid (P = 0.034) than Combo, while LNA was not different compared with those in the other treatments. Additionally, Combo produced highest (P < 0.05) CO2 with lowest (P < 0.05) CH4. In the early hours of incubation, LA improved (P < 0.005) Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, while LNA improved (P < 0.005) Ruminococcus albus. After 8 h of incubation, LNA had lower (P < 0.05) methanogenic archaea than LA and Combo but had higher (P < 0.05) rumen ciliates than LA. R. albus was higher (P < 0.05) in LA than in LNA and Combo. It was observed that the rate of biohydrogenation of n-6 and n-3 FAs was comparatively lowest (P < 0.05) in Combo, characterized by higher C18:2n-6 and/or C18:3n-3 FA and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) concentrations with lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of C18:0 and saturated FA and the ratio of saturated FAs to PUFAs. Therefore, this study concluded that dietary C18:2n-6 could improve populations of fibrolytic bacteria and rumen fermentation indices, but dietary mixture of pure C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 is recommended because it is effective in reducing enteric methane emissions and resisting biohydrogenation in the rumen with less effect on rumen microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sardar Muhammad Amanullah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea.,Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Dong Hyeon Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea.,Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hyuk Jun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Young Hoo Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Seong Shin Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Sam Churl Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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8
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Ramos SC, Jeong CD, Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Kang SH, Kim ET, Cho YI, Lee SS, Lee SS. Diet Transition from High-Forage to High-Concentrate Alters Rumen Bacterial Community Composition, Epithelial Transcriptomes and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:838. [PMID: 33809588 PMCID: PMC8002347 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of changing diet on rumen fermentation parameters, bacterial community composition, and transcriptome profiles were determined in three rumen-cannulated Holstein Friesian cows using a 3 × 4 cross-over design. Treatments include HF-1 (first high-forage diet), HC-1 (first high-concentrate diet), HC-2 (succeeding high-concentrate diet), and HF-2 (second high-forage diet as a recovery period). Animal diets contained Klein grass and concentrate at ratios of 8:2, 2:8, 2:8, and 8:2 (two weeks each), respectively. Ammonia-nitrogen and individual and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were increased significantly during HC-1 and HC-2. Rumen species richness significantly increased for HF-1 and HF-2. Bacteroidetes were dominant for all treatments, while phylum Firmicutes significantly increased during the HC period. Prevotella, Erysipelothrix, and Galbibacter significantly differed between HF and HC diet periods. Ruminococcus abundance was lower during HF feeding and tended to increase during successive HC feeding periods. Prevotellaruminicola was the predominant species for all diets. The RNA sequence analysis revealed the keratin gene as differentially expressed during the HF diet, while carbonic-anhydrase I and S100 calcium-binding protein were expressed in the HC diet. Most of these genes were highly expressed for HC-1 and HC-2. These results suggested that ruminal bacterial community composition, transcriptome profile, and rumen fermentation characteristics were altered by the diet transitions in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny C. Ramos
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Chang Dae Jeong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Lovelia L. Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Seon Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Seung Ha Kang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea;
| | - Yong Il Cho
- Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
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Kim HS, Kim ET, Eom JS, Choi YY, Lee SJ, Lee SS, Chung CD, Lee SS. Exploration of metabolite profiles in the biofluids of dairy cows by proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246290. [PMID: 33513207 PMCID: PMC7845951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies that screen for metabolites produced in ruminants are actively underway. We aimed to evaluate the metabolic profiles of five biofluids (ruminal fluid, serum, milk, urine, and feces) in dairy cow by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and provide a list of metabolites in each biofluid for the benefit of future research. We analyzed the metabolites in five biofluids from lactating cows using proton nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; 96, 73, 88, 118, and 128 metabolites were identified in the five biofluids, respectively. In addition, 8, 6, 9, and 17 metabolites were unique to ruminal fluid, serum, milk, and urine, respectively. The metabolites present at high concentrations were: acetate, propionate, and butyrate in ruminal fluid; lactate, glucose, and acetate in serum; and lactose, guanidoacetate, and glucitol in milk. In addition, the following metabolites were present at high concentrations: hippurate, urea, and trimethylamine N-oxide in urine and acetate, propionate, and butyrate in feces. The score plots of the principal component analysis did not show clear distinctions among the five biofluid samples. The purpose of this study was to verify the ability of our metabolomics approaches to identify metabolites in the biofluids of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sang Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Jun Sik Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - You Young Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Chang Dae Chung
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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10
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Choi YY, Lee SJ, Lee YJ, Kim HS, Eom JS, Kim SC, Kim ET, Lee SS. New challenges for efficient usage of Sargassum fusiforme for ruminant production. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19655. [PMID: 33184385 PMCID: PMC7661511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum fusiforme, which is a type of brown algae, can provide fiber and minerals to ruminant diets. In this study, dried S. fusiforme was tested in vitro at four different doses 1, 3, 5, and 10% of the total ration for its effect on ruminal fermentation characteristics, and gas profiles when incubated for 72 h. At a level of 1 and 10%, S. fusiforme supplementation augmented total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations compared to that with 0% supplementation. In addition, total gas, methane, and carbon dioxide emissions significantly decreased at 3 and 24 h of incubation at this dose. An in situ trial was performed for 72 h with S. fusiforme to evaluate it as a potential feed ingredient by comparing its degradation parameters with timothy hay (Phleum pretense). 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy profiling was used to identify and quantify metabolites of S. fusiforme. Mannitol, guanidoacetate and ethylene glycol were largely accumulated in S. fusiforme. Moreover, nutritious minerals for feed ingredients were present in S. fusiforme. Whereas a high concentration of arsenic was found in S. fusiforme, it was within the allowable limit for ruminants. Our results suggest that S. fusiforme could represent an alternative, renewable feed ingredient for ruminant diets, with nutritional, as well as environmental, benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Young Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Ye Jun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Jun Sik Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Sam Churl Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Cheonan, 31000, South Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
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Eom JS, Kim ET, Kim HS, Choi YY, Lee SJ, Lee SS, Kim SH, Lee SS. Metabolomics comparison of rumen fluid and milk in dairy cattle using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:213-222. [PMID: 32819075 PMCID: PMC7876715 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The metabolites that constitute the rumen fluid and milk in dairy cattle were analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and compared with the results obtain for other dairy cattle herds worldwide. The aim was to provide basic dataset for facilitating research on metabolites in rumen fluid and milk. Methods Six dairy cattle were used in this study. Rumen fluid was collected using a stomach tube, and milk was collected using a pipeline milking system. The metabolites were determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed by principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, variable importance in projection scores, and metabolic pathway data using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results The total numbers of metabolites in rumen fluid and milk were measured to be 186 and 184, and quantified as 72 and 109, respectively. Organic acid and carbohydrate metabolites exhibited the highest concentrations in rumen fluid and milk, respectively. Some metabolites that have been associated with metabolic diseases (acidosis and ketosis) in cows were identified in rumen fluid, and metabolites associated with ketosis, somatic cell production, and coagulation properties were identified in milk. Conclusion The metabolites measured in rumen fluid and milk could potentially be used to detect metabolic diseases and evaluate milk quality. The results could also be useful for metabolomic research on the biofluids of ruminants in Korea, while facilitating their metabolic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sik Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - You Young Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea 4 Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Seon Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea 4 Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe
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Miguel M, Lee SS, Mamuad L, Choi YJ, Jeong CD, Son A, Cho KK, Kim ET, Kim SB, Lee SS. Enhancing Butyrate Production, Ruminal Fermentation and Microbial Population through Supplementation with Clostridium saccharobutylicum. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 29:1083-1095. [PMID: 31216841 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1905.05016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Butyrate is known to play a significant role in energy metabolism and regulating genomic activities that influence rumen nutrition utilization and function. Thus, this study investigated the effects of an isolated butyrate-producing bacteria, Clostridium saccharobutylicum, in rumen butyrate production, fermentation parameters and microbial population in Holstein-Friesian cow. An isolated butyrate-producing bacterium from the ruminal fluid of a Holstein-Friesian cow was identified and characterized as Clostridium saccharobutylicum RNAL841125 using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The bacterium was evaluated on its effects as supplement on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial population. Supplementation with 106 CFU/ml Clostridium saccharobutylicum increased (p < 0.05) microbial crude protein, butyrate and total volatile fatty acids concentration but had no significant effect on NH3-N at 24 h incubation. Butyrate and total VFA concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) in supplementation with 106 CFU/ml Clostridium saccharobutylicum compared with control, with no differences observed for total gas production, NH3-N and propionate concentration. However, as the inclusion rate (CFU/ml) of C. saccharobutylicum was increased, reduction of rumen fermentation values was observed. Furthermore, butyrate-producing bacteria and Fibrobacter succinogenes population in the rumen increased in response with supplementation of C. saccharobutylicum, while no differences in the population in total bacteria, protozoa and fungi were observed among treatments. Overall, our study suggests that supplementation with 106 CFU/ml C. saccharobutylicum has the potential to improve ruminal fermentation through increased concentrations of butyrate and total volatile fatty acid, and enhanced population of butyrate-producing bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria F. succinogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Miguel
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Lovelia Mamuad
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jae Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Dae Jeong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Arang Son
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Keun Cho
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
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Kim ET, Lee SS, Lee JH, Jeong JS, Lee SJ, Jeong J, Park JK, Park BY, Kim SB, Jeong HY, Ki KS, Choi CW, Kim CH, Kim JW, Lee SS. Effect of sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate supplementation on lactation performance, blood-biochemical profile, and economic efficacy of mid-lactation Holstein cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 31:1458-1463. [PMID: 30056652 PMCID: PMC6127564 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was done to evaluate the effect of sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL) supplementation in a total mixed ration (TMR) on the lactation performance, blood parameters, and economic efficacy of mid-lactation Holstein cows. Methods Twenty-four cows (body weight 647±11.7 kg) were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, with six cows per group. The dietary treatments were as follows: basal diet (CON); CON+17.5 g of top dressed SSL (treatment [TRT] 0.05); CON+35 g of SSL (TRT 0.1); and CON+70 g of SSL (TRT 0.2) per 35 kg TMR. Results The highest level of SSL supplementation (TRT 0.2) significantly improved milk yield during the second period compared to the TRT 0.05 group (5 to 8 wks; 33.28 vs 31.09 kg/d), during the third period compared to both the CON and TRT 0.05 groups (p<0.05) (9 to 13 wks; 32.59 vs 30.64 and 30.01 kg/d) and during the overall experimental period compared to both the CON and TRT 0.05 groups (p<0.05) (1 to 13 wks; 33.43 vs 32.06 and 31.40 kg/d), respectively. No negative effects on hematological or biochemical parameters were observed due to SSL supplementation. Considering both the milk fat and protein content, the total milk price was set at 1,073.60 (TRT 0.05), 1,085.60 (TRT 0.1), 1,086.10 (TRT 0.2), and 1,064.20 (CON) won/L, with consequent total milk profits of −1.7%, 5.4%, and 3.5% for the TRT 0.05, TRT 0.1, and TRT 0.2 diet, respectively, compared to those in the CON diet. Conclusion The milk sales revenue related to SSL supplementation of the TRT 0.1 diet was increased by up to 5.4% compared to the milk sales revenue of the CON diet. Therefore, 0.1% SSL supplementation might be effective and profitable during the mid-lactation period of cows, without producing adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, IALS, Jinju 52825, Korea
| | - Jin Suk Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, IALS, Jinju 52825, Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, IALS, Jinju 52825, Korea
| | - Joon Jeong
- Livestock Research Institute, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Anseong 17558, Korea
| | - Jong Kook Park
- Livestock Research Institute, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Anseong 17558, Korea
| | - Beom Young Park
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Ha Yeon Jeong
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ki
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Chang Weon Choi
- Department of Animal Resources, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- Department of Animal Life and Environment Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, IALS, Jinju 52825, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, IALS, Jinju 52825, Korea
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Lee SJ, Lee SS, Kim ET, Jeong JS, Lee JH, Jeong J, Park JK, Park BY, Jeong HY, Ki KS, Kim CH, Lee SS. Effect of optimal sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate supplementation on growth performance and blood and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers during the early fattening period. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 31:1442-1448. [PMID: 30056672 PMCID: PMC6127566 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL) supplementation on growth performance and blood and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers during the early fattening period. Methods Sixty Hanwoo steers (average body weight, 333±36.4 kg) were randomly allotted to 3 treatments, with twenty steers per treatment, and ten steers per pen with a size of 80 m2. Dietary treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet; treatment (TRT) 0.5, 0.5% down-spec of TDN with 0.1% SSL; TRT 1.0, 1.0% down-spec of TDN with 0.1% SSL. Results The results demonstrated that average daily gain and feed efficiency increased with TRT 0.5 (0.85 kg and 11.68) vs CON (0.82 kg and 11.27) or TRT 1.0 (0.78 kg and 10.74), indicating that 0.1% SSL supplementation in the feed of early fattening steers may result in a saving of 0.5% TDN. No significant differences were observed amongst all treatments (p> 0.05) for blood metabolite concentration and blood corpuscle values, which were all within the normally accepted range for healthy steers. Conclusion Our study suggests that a TDN 0.5% down spec with 0.1% SSL supplemented feed may be effective and profitable for the early fattening period of Hanwoo steers without causing adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Jin Suk Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Joon Jeong
- Livestock Research Center, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Ansung 17558, Korea
| | - Joong Kook Park
- Livestock Research Center, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Ansung 17558, Korea
| | - Beom Young Park
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Ha Yeon Jeong
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ki
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Kim
- School of Animal Life and Environment Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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Kim MK, Kim ET, Kim SB, Jeong HY, Park BY, Srinivasan S. Kurthia ruminicola sp. nov., isolated from the rumen contents of a Holstein cow. J Microbiol 2018; 56:36-41. [PMID: 29299848 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-7285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gram-staining-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacteria, designated as H31022T and H31024 was isolated from rumen contents of a Holstein cow. Optimum growth occurred at 25°C and pH 7.0 on R2A agar medium. Oxidase and catalase activities are positive. The 16S rRNA gene sequence (1,452 bp) of the new isolates revealed they belong to the genus Kurthia of the phylum Firmicutes. Highest gene sequence similarities were assessed to be with Kurthia massiliensis JC30T (98.4%), Kurthia senegalensis JC8ET (97.5%), and Kurthia populi 10y-14T (97.4%). Kurthia sibirica DSM 4747T (97.3%), Kurthia zopfii NBRC 101529T (97.0%), and Kurthia gibsonii NCIMB 9758T (96.7%). DNA G + C content of strains H31022T and H31024 were 34.4% and 39.7%. Strains H31022T and H31024 has the following chemotaxonomic characteristics; the major fatty acids are iso-C15:0, iso-C14:0 and anteiso-C15; polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), unknown aminophospholipids (APL), unknown glycolipids (GL), unknown phospholipids (PL), and unknown polar lipids (L); the major quinone is MK-7. Based on polyphasic taxonomic analysis, strains H31022T (= KCTC 33923T = JCM 19640T) and H31024 (= KCTC 33924T = JCM 19641T) identified a novel species in the genus Kurthia for which the name Kurthia ruminicola sp. nov. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Kyum Kim
- Department of Bio & Environmental Technology, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Yeon Jeong
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Young Park
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Sathiyaraj Srinivasan
- Department of Bio & Environmental Technology, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, Republic of Korea.
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Lee SJ, Shin NH, Jeong JS, Kim ET, Lee SK, Lee ID, Lee SS. Effects of Gelidium amansii extracts on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, methanogenesis, and microbial populations. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 31:71-79. [PMID: 29295611 PMCID: PMC5756926 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gelidium amansii (Lamouroux) is a red alga belonging to the family Gelidaceae and is commonly found in the shallow coasts of many East Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Japan. G. amansii has traditionally been utilized as an edible alga, and has various biological activities. The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary supplementation of G. amansii could be useful for improving ruminal fermentation. METHODS As assessed by in vitro fermentation parameters such as pH, total gas, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, gas profile (methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and ammonia), and microbial growth rate was compared to a basal diet with timothy hay. Cannulated Holstein cows were used as rumen fluid donors and 15 mL rumen fluid: buffer (1:2) was incubated for up to 72 h with four treatments with three replicates. The treatments were: control (timothy only), basal diet with 1% G. amansii extract, basal diet with 3% G. amansii extract, and basal diet with 5% G. amansii extract. RESULTS Overall, the results of our study indicate that G. amansii supplementation is potentially useful for improving ruminant growth performance, via increased total gas and VFA production, but does come with some undesirable effects, such as increasing pH, ammonia concentration, and methane production. In particular, real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that the methanogenic archaea and Fibrobacter succinogenes populations were significantly reduced, while the Ruminococcus flavefaciens populations were significantly increased at 24 h, when supplemented with G. amansii extracts as compared with controls. CONCLUSION More research is required to elucidate what G. amansii supplementation can do to improve growth performance, and its effect on methane production in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Nyeon Hak Shin
- Livestock Experiment Station, Gyeongsangnamdo Livestock Promotion Research Institute, Sancheong 52733, Korea
| | - Jin Suk Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program) and Institute of Agriculture & Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Il Dong Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program) and Institute of Agriculture & Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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Lee SJ, Shin NH, Jeong JS, Kim ET, Lee SK, Lee SS. Effect of Rhodophyta extracts on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, methanogenesis and microbial populations. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017; 31:54-62. [PMID: 29295610 PMCID: PMC5756924 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Due to the threat of global warming, the livestock industry is increasingly interested in exploring how feed additives may reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, especially from ruminants. This study investigated the effect of Rhodophyta supplemented bovine diets on in vitro rumen fermentation and rumen microbial diversity. Methods Cannulated Holstein cows were used as rumen fluid donors. Rumen fluid:buffer (1:2; 15 mL) solution was incubated for up to 72 h in six treatments: a control (timothy hay only), along with substrates containing 5% extracts from five Rhodophyta species (Grateloupia lanceolata [Okamura] Kawaguchi, Hypnea japonica Tanaka, Pterocladia capillacea [Gmelin] Bornet, Chondria crassicaulis Harvey, or Gelidium amansii [Lam.] Lamouroux). Results Compared with control, Rhodophyta extracts increased cumulative gas production after 24 and 72 h (p = 0.0297 and p = 0.0047). The extracts reduced methane emission at 12 and 24 h (p<0.05). In particular, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that at 24 h, ciliate-associated methanogens, Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens decreased at 24 h (p = 0.0002, p<0.0001, and p<0.0001), while Fibrobacter succinogenes (F. succinogenes) increased (p = 0.0004). Additionally, Rhodophyta extracts improved acetate concentration at 12 and 24 h (p = 0.0766 and p = 0.0132), as well as acetate/propionate (A/P) ratio at 6 and 12 h (p = 0.0106 and p = 0.0278). Conclusion Rhodophyta extracts are a viable additive that can improve ruminant growth performance (higher total gas production, lower A/P ratio) and methane abatement (less ciliate-associated methanogens, Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens and more F. succinogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Nyeon Hak Shin
- Livestock Experiment Station, Gyeongsangnamdo Livestock Promotion Research Institute, Sancheong 52733, Korea
| | - Jin Suk Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program) and Institute of Agriculture & Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program) and Institute of Agriculture & Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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Kim ET, Hwang HS, Lee SM, Lee SJ, Lee ID, Lee SK, Oh DS, Lim JH, Yoon HB, Jeong HY, Im SK, Lee SS. Effects of Medicinal Herb Extracts on In vitro Ruminal Methanogenesis, Microbe Diversity and Fermentation System. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29:1280-6. [PMID: 27004810 PMCID: PMC5003988 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of medicinal herb extracts (MHEs) on ruminal fermentation characteristics and the inhibition of protozoa to reduce methane production in the rumen. A fistulated Hanwoo was used as a donor of rumen fluid. The MHEs (T1, Veratrum patulum; T2, Iris ensata var. spontanea; T3, Arisaema ringens; T4, Carduus crispus; T5, Pueraria thunbergiana) were added to the in vitro fermentation bottles containing the rumen fluid and medium. Total volatile fatty acid (tVFA), total gas production, gas profiles, and the ruminal microbe communities were measured. The tVFA concentration was increased or decreased as compared to the control, and there was a significant (p<0.05) difference after 24 h incubation. pH and ruminal disappearance of dry matter did not show significant difference. As the in vitro ruminal fermentation progressed, total gas production in added MHEs was increased, while the methane production was decreased compared to the control. In particular, Arisaema ringens extract led to decrease methane production by more than 43%. In addition, the result of real-time polymerase chain reaction indicted that the protozoa population in all added MHEs decreased more than that of the control. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that MHEs could have properties that decrease ruminal methanogenesis by inhibiting protozoa species and might be promising feed additives for ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Hee Soon Hwang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 , IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | | | - Shin Ja Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 , IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Il Dong Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 , IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 , IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Da Som Oh
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 , IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Lim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 , IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Ho Baek Yoon
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Ha Yeon Jeong
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Seok Ki Im
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 , IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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Heo W, Kim ET, Cho SD, Kim JH, Kwon SM, Jeong HY, Ki KS, Yoon HB, Ahn YD, Lee SS, Kim YJ. The In vitro Effects of Nano-encapsulated Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Stability of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Fermentation Profiles in the Rumen. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29:365-71. [PMID: 26950867 PMCID: PMC4811787 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the stability of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) by nano-encapsulation against in vitro ruminal biohydrogenation by microbial enzymatic conversion. CLAs (free fatty acid form of CLA [CLA-FFA], nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA, triglyceride form of CLA [CLA-TG], and nano-encapsulated CLA-TG) were used in the in vitro fermentation experiments. When Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (B. fibrisolvens) was incubated with CLA-FFAs, the concentrations of cis-9, trans-11 CLA and vaccenic acid (VA) slightly was decreased and increased by nano-encapsulation, respectively. When B. fibrisolvens was incubated with CLA-TG, the concentrations of cis-9, trans-11 CLA and VA decreased, but these were increased when B. fibrisolvens was incubated with nano-encapsulated CLA-TG. The nano-encapsulation was more effective against the in vitro biohydrogenation activity of B.fibrisolvens incubated with CLA-FFA than with CLA-TG. In the in vitro ruminal incubation test, the total gas production and concentration of total volatile fatty acids incubated with nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA and CLA-TG were increased significantly after 24 h incubation (p<0.05). Nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA might, thus, improve the ruminal fermentation characteristics without adverse effects on the incubation process. In addition, nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA increased the population of Fibrobacter succinogenes and decreased the population of B. fibrisolvens population. These results indicate that nano-encapsulation could be applied to enhance CLA levels in ruminants by increasing the stability of CLA without causing adverse effects on ruminal fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Heo
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 331-808, Korea
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 331-808, Korea
| | - Sung Do Cho
- Policy Research and Planning Team, Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology, Seoul 135-513, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 331-808, Korea
| | - Seong Min Kwon
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 331-808, Korea
| | - Ha Yeon Jeong
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 331-808, Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ki
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 331-808, Korea
| | - Ho Baek Yoon
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 331-808, Korea
| | | | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 , IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 331-808, Korea
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Lee SM, Guan LL, Eun JS, Kim CH, Lee SJ, Kim ET, Lee SS. The effect of anaerobic fungal inoculation on the fermentation characteristics of rice straw silages. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:565-73. [PMID: 25495284 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify whether the supplement of anaerobic fungi isolates with cellulolytic activities accelerates the silage fermentation. METHODS AND RESULTS Three fungal isolates with the highest cellulolytic activities among 45 strains of anaerobic fungal stock in our laboratory were selected and used as silage inoculants. The rice straw (RS) was ensiled for 10, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days with four treatments of anaerobic fungi derived from the control (no fungus), Piromyces M014 (isolated from the rumen of the Korean native goat), Orpinomyces R001 (isolated from the duodenum of Korean native cattle) and Neocallimastix M010 (isolated from the guts of termites), respectively. The silages inoculated with pure strains of fungi showed a higher fungal population (P < 0.05) when compared to the control silage. In situ ruminal DM disappearance of RS silage (RSS) was improved with fungal treatment. SEM observation showed live fungal cells inoculated in RS could survive during the ensiling process. Overall, this study indicated that the inoculation of anaerobic fungi decreased the cell wall content of the RSS and increased in situ dry matter disappearance. CONCLUSIONS The supplementation of anaerobic fungi isolates to RSS as a silage inoculant improves the RSS quality. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first study showing the potential application of supplement of anaerobic fungi isolated from the guts may be applied industrially as an alternate feed additive that improves the silage quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21+), Institute of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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Kim ET, Park CG, Lim DH, Kwon EG, Ki KS, Kim SB, Moon YH, Shin NH, Lee SS. Effects of Coconut Materials on In vitro Ruminal Methanogenesis and Fermentation Characteristics. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:1721-5. [PMID: 25358365 PMCID: PMC4213683 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2014.14216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of coconut materials on ruminal methanogenesis and fermentation characteristics, in particular their effectiveness for mitigating ruminal methanogenesis. Fistulated Holstein cows were used as the donor of rumen fluid. Coconut materials were added to an in vitro fermentation incubated with rumen fluid-buffer mixture and timothy substrate for 24 h incubation. Total gas production, gas profiles, total volatile fatty acids (tVFAs) and the ruminal methanogens diversity were measured. Although gas profiles in added coconut oil and coconut powder were not significantly different, in vitro ruminal methane production was decreased with the level of reduction between 15% and 19% as compared to control, respectively. Coconut oil and coconut powder also inhibited gas production. The tVFAs concentration was increased by coconut materials, but was not affected significantly as compared to control. Acetate concentration was significantly lower (p<0.05), while propionate was significantly higher (p<0.05) by addition of the coconut materials than that of the control. The acetate:propionate ratio was significantly lowered with addition of coconut oil and coconut powder (p<0.05). The methanogens and ciliate-associated methanogens in all added coconut materials were shown to decrease as compared with control. This study showed that ciliate-associated methanogens diversity was reduced by more than 50% in both coconut oil and coconut powder treatments. In conclusion, these results indicate that coconut powder is a potential agent for decreasing in vitro ruminal methane production and as effective as coconut oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Kim
- Resources Development Institute, Seoul 134-851, Korea
| | - C G Park
- Resources Development Institute, Seoul 134-851, Korea
| | - D H Lim
- Resources Development Institute, Seoul 134-851, Korea
| | - E G Kwon
- Resources Development Institute, Seoul 134-851, Korea
| | - K S Ki
- Resources Development Institute, Seoul 134-851, Korea
| | - S B Kim
- Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-550, Korea
| | - Y H Moon
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - N H Shin
- Gyengsangnamdo Livestock Veterinary Research Institute, Sancheong 666-962, Korea
| | - S S Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju 660-701, Korea
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Kim ET, Moon YH, Min KS, Kim CH, Kim SC, Ahn SK, Lee SS. Changes in microbial diversity, methanogenesis and fermentation characteristics in the rumen in response to medicinal plant extracts. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 26:1289-94. [PMID: 25049911 PMCID: PMC4093396 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro effect of medicinal plant extracts on ruminal methanogenesis, four different groups of methanogens and ruminal fermentation characteristics. A fistulated Holstein cow was used as a donor of rumen fluid. Licorice and mugwort extracts (Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Artemisia capillaris, 0.5% and 1% of total substrate DM, respectively), previously used as folk remedies, were added to an in vitro fermentation incubated with buffered-rumen fluid. Total gas production in Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract treatment was not significantly different between treatments (p<0.05) while total gas production in the Artemisia capillaris extract treatment was lower than that of the control. Artemisia capillaris extract and Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract reduced CH4 emission by 14% (p<0.05) and 8% (p<0.05), respectively. Ciliate-associated methanogens population decreased by 18% in the medicinal plant extracts treatments. Medicinal plant extracts also affected the order Methanobacteriales community. Methanobacteriales diversity decreased by 35% in the Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract treatment and 30% in the Artemisia capillaris extract treatment. The order Methanomicrobiales population decreased by 50% in the 0.5% of Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract treatment. These findings demonstrate that medicinal plant extracts have the potential to inhibit in vitro ruminal methanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Tae Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Yea Hwang Moon
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Min
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Sam Churl Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Seung Kyu Ahn
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
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Kim ET, Min KS, Kim CH, Moon YH, Kim SC, Lee SS. The Effect of Plant Extracts on In-vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Methanogenesis and Methane-related Microbes in the Rumen. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 26:517-22. [PMID: 25049817 PMCID: PMC4093393 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect on methanogens attached to the surface of rumen ciliate protozoa by the addition of plant extracts (pine needles and ginkgo leaves) was studied with particular reference to their effectiveness for decreasing methane emission. The plant extracts (pine needles and ginkgo leaves) were added to an in vitro fermentation incubated with rumen fluid. The microbial population including bacteria, ciliated-associated methanogen, four different groups of methanogens and Fibrobacter succinogenes were quantified by using the real-time PCR. Gas profiles including methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and runinal fermentation characteristics were observed in vitro. The methane emission from samples with an addition of individual juices from pine needles, ginkgo leaves and 70% ethanol extract from ginko leaves was significantly lower (p<0.05, 27.1, 28.1 and 28.1 vs 34.0 ml/g DM) than that of the control, respectively. Total VFAs in samples with an addition of any of the plant extracts were significantly lower than that of the control (p<0.05) as well. The order Methanococcales and the order Methanosarcinales were not detected by using PCR in any incubated mixtures. The ciliate-associated methanogens population decreased from 25% to 49% in the plant extacts as compared to control. We speculate that the supplementation of juice from pine needles and ginkgo leaves extract (70% ethanol extract) decreased the protozoa population resulting in a reduction of methane emission in the rumen and thus inhibiting methanogenesis. The order Methanobacteriales community was affected by addition of all plant extracts and decreased to less than the control, while the order Methanomicrobiales population showed an increase to more than that of the control. The F. succinogenes, the major fibrolytic microorganism, population in all added plant extracts was increased to greater than that of the control. In conclusion, pine needles and ginkgo leaves extracts appear to have properties that decrease methanogenesis by inhibiting protozoa species and may have a potential for use as additives for ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - K-S Min
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - C-H Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - Y H Moon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - S C Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
| | - S S Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju, 660-701, Korea
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Kim ET, Lee SS, Kim HJ, Song JY, Kim CH, Ha JK. Effects of dietary potential Acid production value on productivity in dairy cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2012; 25:653-8. [PMID: 25049610 PMCID: PMC4093105 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate the potential acid production value (PAPV) of major diets and to determine the relationship between dietary PAPV and dairy production traits. Estimation of PAPV of major cattle feeds was based on an in vitro technique, which determined the degree of Ca dissociation from CaCO3. Data on feeds and production traits were collected on 744 multiparous lactating Holstein dairy cows from five different farms. Grains had high PAPV with variable protein sources and by-products. High PAPV feedstuffs had a higher total gas production and lower pH compared to those with low PAPV. Dietary PAPV had a positive correlation with intake of dry matter, NDF, ADF, milk yield and milk solid production but a negative correlation with milk protein and milk fat concentration. Current results indicate that dietary PAPV can be utilized in predicting dairy production traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), IALS, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - S S Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), IALS, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - J Y Song
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - C-H Kim
- School of Animal Life and Environment Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 456-749, Korea
| | - Jong K Ha
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Sakai T, Li RK, Weisel RD, Mickle DA, Kim ET, Jia ZQ, Yau TM. The fate of a tissue-engineered cardiac graft in the right ventricular outflow tract of the rat. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001; 121:932-42. [PMID: 11326237 DOI: 10.1067/mtc.2001.113600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The synthetic materials currently available for the repair of cardiac defects are nonviable, do not grow as the child develops, and do not contract synchronously with the heart. We developed a beating patch by seeding fetal cardiomyocytes in a biodegradable scaffold in vitro. The seeded patches survived in the right ventricular outflow tract of adult rats. METHODS Cultured fetal or adult rat heart cells (1 x 10(6) cells) were seeded into a gelatin sponge (15 x 15 x 1 mm), and the cell number was expanded in culture for 1 or 3 weeks, respectively. The free wall of the right ventricular outflow tract in syngeneic adult rats was resected and repaired with either unseeded patches or patches seeded with either fetal or adult cardiomyocytes (n = 10 for each group). The patches were examined histologically over a 12-week period. RESULTS A significant inflammatory reaction was noted in the patch at 4 weeks as the scaffold dissolved. At 12 weeks, the gelatin scaffold had completely dissolved. Both types of the seeded cells were detected in the patch with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine staining, and they maintained their continuity. Unseeded patches had an ingrowth of fibrous tissue. The patches became thinner between the fourth and the twelfth weeks in unseeded (P =.003), fetal (P =.0001), and adult (P =.07) cardiomyocyte groups as the scaffold dissolved. The control patch, but not the cell-seeded patches, was thinner than the normal right ventricular outflow tract. The endocardial surface area of each patch was covered with endothelial cells identified by factor VIII staining. CONCLUSIONS A gelatin patch was used to replace the right ventricular outflow tract in syngeneic rats. The seeded cells survived in the right ventricular outflow tract after the scaffold dissolved 12 weeks after implantation. In addition, the unseeded patches encouraged the ingrowth of fibrous tissue as the scaffold dissolved and the patches remained completely endothelialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sakai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, 101 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
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Abstract
A series of truncated forms of gp91phox were expressed in Escherichia coli in which the N-terminal hydrophobic transmembrane region was replaced with a portion of the highly soluble bacterial protein thioredoxin. TRX-gp91phox (306-569), which contains the putative FAD and NADPH binding sites, showed weak NADPH-dependent NBT (nitroblue tetrazolium) reductase activity, whereas TRX-gp91phox (304-423) and TRX-gp91phox (424-569) were inactive. Activity saturated at about a 1:1 molar ratio of FAD to TRX-gp91phox (306-569), and showed the same K(m) for NADPH as that for superoxide generating activity by the intact enzyme. Activity was not inhibited by superoxide dismutase, indicating that it was not mediated by superoxide, but was blocked by an inhibitor of the respiratory burst oxidase, diphenylene iodonium. In the presence of Rac1, the cytosolic regulatory protein p67phox stimulated the NBT reductase activity, but p47phox had no effect. Truncated p67phox containing the activation domain (residues 199-210) [C.-H. Han, J.R. Freeman, T. Lee, S.A. Motalebi, and J.D. Lambeth (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 16663-16668] stimulated activity approximately 2-fold, whereas forms mutated or lacking this region failed to stimulate the activity. Our data indicate that: (i) TRX-gp91phox (306-569) contains binding sites for both pyridine and flavin nucleotides; (ii) this flavoprotein domain shows weak diaphorase activity; and (iii) the flavin-binding domain of gp91phox is the target of regulation by the activation domain of p67phox.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Medical School, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Kim ET, Kwon Y, Lee C. Annealing of the Co/Hf bilayer on single Si, polycrystalline Si and SiO(2). J Neurosci Methods 2000; 100:17-23. [PMID: 11040362 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0270(00)00229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Silicidation of the Co/refractory metal/Si system in which the refractory metal is used as an epitaxy promoter for CoSi(2) has recently received much attention. Hf is one of the candidates for the epitaxy promoter of cobalt silicide like Ti. In this paper, we investigated the layer structures of the Co/Hf bilayer on various substrates like single (100)Si, polycrystalline Si and SiO(2) after rapid thermal annealing. Epitaxy of CoSi(2) was obtained on (100)Si by annealing Co/Hf/(100)Si. Co-Hf compounds seem to play an important role of barriers against the reaction between Co and Si during silicidation of Co/Hf/(100)Si. The existence of Co-Hf compounds is helpful in the formation of epitaxial CoSi(2) since they retard the diffusion of cobalt and silicon atoms. The transition temperatures of cobalt silicides in the Co/Hf/poly-Si system were found to be lower than those in the Co/Hf/(100)Si system. The reaction between the metal and the spacer SiO(2) during silicidation is a matter of concern since any conducting residue of this reaction could degrade oxide integrity or produce bridging. In the Co/Hf/SiO(2) system Hf oxides formed as a result of the reaction between Hf and SiO(2) but a conducting material like HfSi(2) was not found to form after annealing. Considering the temperature at which epitaxial CoSi(2) forms along with the one from which the SiO(2) substrate starts collapsing we may conclude that the optimum silicidation annealing temperature for Co/Hf/Si is 600 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Kim
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Inha University, 253 Youghyun-dong, Nam-ku, 402-751, Inchon, South Korea
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Kim JS, Pang JH, Yu IY, Lee WK, Suh IH, Kim JK, Cho MH, Kim ET, Ra DY. Calix[4]arene dibenzocrown ethers as caesium selective extractants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1039/a808499h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The effect of several tyrosine kinase inhibitors was tested on Ca2+ influx mediated by thapsigargin-and CCh-induced intracellular store depletion. Genestein inhibited Ca2+ influx in a concentration dependent manner without affecting Ca2+ release or Ca2+ pumping activity. A measureable effect was observed at 3 microM with total inhibition of influx seen at 100 microM. Tyrphostin A25 (300 microM; 78% inhibition) and methyl 2,5 dihydroxycinnamate (10 microM; 51% inhibition) also inhibited Ca2+ influx. The degree of attenuation was not markedly altered by preincubation of the inhibitors. Genestein also inhibited Ca2+ influx induced by CCh. These data indicate that inhibition of Ca2+ influx could in part underlie the previously reported inhibition of enzyme secretion by these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Yule
- Department of Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109
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Ormantaev KS, Karabekov AK, Kim ET. [A method of treatment of congenital muscular torticollis in the postoperative period]. Ortop Travmatol Protez 1985:54-5. [PMID: 4022605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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