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Lee SH, Yang YR, Cheon HY, Shin NH, Lee JW, Bong SH, Hwangbo S, Kong IK, Shin MK. Effects of hydrogenated fat-spray-coated β-carotene supplement on plasma β-carotene concentration and conception rate after embryo transfer in Hanwoo beef cows. Animal 2021; 15:100407. [PMID: 34839225 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesised that hydrogenated fat (HF)-spray-coated β-carotene (βC) supplement could be used to increase plasma βC concentration and conception rates after embryo transfer (ET) in Hanwoo beef cows. In Experiment 1, 12 multiparous Hanwoo cows were fed one of four experimental diets in a triplicate 4 × 4 Latin square design for a 28-day period. Treatments included no βC addition (control), HF-uncoated βC (HFuβC), HF-spray-coated βC (HFβC), and HF-spray-coated βC and vitamin A (HFβCA). The cows under βC-supplemented treatments were fed 400 mg/day of βC, and a daily intake for vitamin A of HFβCA treatment was 30 000 IU/day as retinyl acetate. Blood was collected on days 0, 26, 27, and 28 to analyse βC and other metabolite concentrations. In Experiment 2, 199 Hanwoo cows with low fertility were randomly assigned to either control (n = 99) or HFβC treatments (n = 100) based on the results of Experiment 1. The oestrus of the cows was synchronised for ET. The HFβC group was fed from 4 weeks before to 4 weeks after ET with a daily intake of 400 mg βC. Pregnancy for conception rates was diagnosed on day 60 after ET, and blood was collected for βC concentrations on the day before ET. Supplementing βC resulted in a high plasma βC concentration (P < 0.001). Supplementing HFβC or HFβCA resulted in higher βC concentrations than HFuβC (P < 0.001); however, there was no difference between HFβC and HFβCA groups. Plasma retinol concentration was lower in the HFβCA treatment than in the control and HFβC groups (P < 0.05). Blood metabolites were unaffected by the treatments. The retinol:βC ratio was lower in the βC-supplemented treatments than in the controls, and was lower in HFβC and HFβCA than in HFuβC groups (P < 0.001). Plasma βC concentration was positively correlated with plasma high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol (P < 0.05). Plasma retinol concentration was negatively associated with plasma protein (P < 0.01), but positively associated with plasma creatinine (P < 0.001) and urea (P < 0.01). Supplementing HFβC to low-fertility cows resulted in higher plasma βC concentration (P < 0.001) and conception rates (P = 0.024) than those in the controls. In conclusion, HFβC had a better bioavailability than HFuβC, and an increase in conception rates by supplementing HFβC may be beneficial for producing more calves given the low pregnancy rates of bovine ET in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Gyeongsangnamdo Provincial Livestock Research Institute, Sancheong 52263, Republic of Korea
| | - Y R Yang
- Gyeongsangnamdo Provincial Livestock Research Institute, Sancheong 52263, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Cheon
- Gyeongsangnamdo Provincial Livestock Research Institute, Sancheong 52263, Republic of Korea
| | - N H Shin
- Gyeongsangnamdo Provincial Livestock Research Institute, Sancheong 52263, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Lee
- Gyeongsangnamdo Provincial Livestock Research Institute, Sancheong 52263, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Bong
- Nuvo Bio & Technologies Corp., Seoul 01838, Republic of Korea
| | - S Hwangbo
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongbuk Provincial College, Yecheon 36830, Republic of Korea
| | - I K Kong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - M K Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea.
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Kim ET, Park CG, Lim DH, Kwon EG, Ki KS, Kim SB, Moon YH, Shin NH, Lee SS. Effects of Coconut Materials on In vitro Ruminal Methanogenesis and Fermentation Characteristics. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:1721-5. [PMID: 25358365 PMCID: PMC4213683 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2014.14216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of coconut materials on ruminal methanogenesis and fermentation characteristics, in particular their effectiveness for mitigating ruminal methanogenesis. Fistulated Holstein cows were used as the donor of rumen fluid. Coconut materials were added to an in vitro fermentation incubated with rumen fluid-buffer mixture and timothy substrate for 24 h incubation. Total gas production, gas profiles, total volatile fatty acids (tVFAs) and the ruminal methanogens diversity were measured. Although gas profiles in added coconut oil and coconut powder were not significantly different, in vitro ruminal methane production was decreased with the level of reduction between 15% and 19% as compared to control, respectively. Coconut oil and coconut powder also inhibited gas production. The tVFAs concentration was increased by coconut materials, but was not affected significantly as compared to control. Acetate concentration was significantly lower (p<0.05), while propionate was significantly higher (p<0.05) by addition of the coconut materials than that of the control. The acetate:propionate ratio was significantly lowered with addition of coconut oil and coconut powder (p<0.05). The methanogens and ciliate-associated methanogens in all added coconut materials were shown to decrease as compared with control. This study showed that ciliate-associated methanogens diversity was reduced by more than 50% in both coconut oil and coconut powder treatments. In conclusion, these results indicate that coconut powder is a potential agent for decreasing in vitro ruminal methane production and as effective as coconut oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Kim
- Resources Development Institute, Seoul 134-851, Korea
| | - C G Park
- Resources Development Institute, Seoul 134-851, Korea
| | - D H Lim
- Resources Development Institute, Seoul 134-851, Korea
| | - E G Kwon
- Resources Development Institute, Seoul 134-851, Korea
| | - K S Ki
- Resources Development Institute, Seoul 134-851, Korea
| | - S B Kim
- Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-550, Korea
| | - Y H Moon
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - N H Shin
- Gyengsangnamdo Livestock Veterinary Research Institute, Sancheong 666-962, Korea
| | - S S Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University (Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Jinju 660-701, Korea
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Cho JH, Chang SH, Shin NH, Choi BY, Oh HJ, Yoon MJ, Lee EY, Lee EB, Lee TJ, Song YW. Costs of illness and quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in South Korea. Lupus 2014; 23:949-57. [PMID: 24563501 DOI: 10.1177/0961203314524849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the costs of illness, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and their associated factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in South Korea. METHOD Two hundred and one patients with SLE were enrolled at the Rheumatology clinic of Seoul National University Hospital. Direct, indirect and total costs and HRQOL were measured using hospital electronic data and face-to-face interview. Socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with cost of illness and HRQOL were analyzed using multiple regression and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The average total cost of illness was estimated to be KRW 9.82 million (US $ 8993) per year, of which 41.6% was accounted for by direct costs and 58.4% by indirect costs. In multivariate regression, patients with renal involvement and those with depression incurred an average increment in annual total costs of 37.6% (p = 0.050) and 49.1% (p = 0.024), respectively, and an average increment in annual direct costs of 26.4% (p = 0.050) and 43.3% (p = 0.002), respectively, compared with patients without renal involvement and depression, respectively. In addition, disease damage was positively associated with an average increment in annual total and direct costs (55.3%, p = 0.006; 33.3%, p = 0.013, respectively), and the occurrence of indirect costs (OR 2.21, 1.09-4.88). There was no significant difference in HRQOL between patients with and without renal involvement (0.655 vs. 0.693, p = 0.203) CONCLUSION: Renal involvement, depression, and disease damage were major factors associated with higher total and medical costs for patients with SLE in South Korea. Effective treatment of renal disorders and depression may reduce the high economic burden of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Cho
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - N H Shin
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - B Y Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Oh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - M J Yoon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - E Y Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - E B Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - T J Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y W Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Huang Y, Shin NH, Sun Y, Wang KK. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel caspase-3 variant that attenuates apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 283:762-9. [PMID: 11350049 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Caspase-3 plays an important role in programmed cell death as an execution-phase caspase in degradation of many substrate proteins. We identified a naturally occurring short caspase-3 variant (caspase-3s) from a human carcinoma cell line that is resulted from alternative mRNA splicing. Analysis of nucleotide sequence reveals a deletion of the exon 6 in this variant that resulted in an altered reading frame in the C-terminus, leading to an altered amino acid sequence and a truncated protein. Caspase-3s shares the same amino acid sequence as caspase-3 in the N-terminus containing the prodomain and the majority of the large subunit. The variant is 95 amino acid residues shorter at the C-terminus and is missing the conserved QACRG sequence in the catalytic site. Caspase-3 and caspase-3s are coexpressed in all human tissues examined. Several cancer cell lines also show coexpression of caspase-3 and caspase-3s, both at the mRNA and protein levels. Overexpression of caspase-3s in 293 cells is more resistant to apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibition. Furthermore, we identified that proteasome inhibition stabilized the level of caspase-3s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Huang
- Department of Neuroscience Therapeutics, Pfizer Global Research & Development, Ann Arbor Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
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Abstract
It has been assumed that RNA packaging constraints limit the size of retroviral genomes. This notion of a retroviral "headful" was tested by examining the ability of Moloney murine leukemia virus genomes lengthened by 4, 8, or 11 kb to participate in a single replication cycle. Overall, replication of these lengthened genomes was 5- to 10-fold less efficient than that of native-length genomes. When RNA expression and virion formation, RNA packaging, and early stages of replication were compared, long genomes were found to complete each step less efficiently than did normal-length genomes. To test whether short RNAs might facilitate the packaging of lengthy RNAs by heterodimerization, some experiments involved coexpression of a short packageable RNA. However, enhancement of neither long vector RNA packaging nor long vector DNA synthesis was observed in the presence of the short RNA. Most of the proviruses templated by 12 and 16 kb vectors appeared to be full length. Most products of a 19. 2-kb vector contained deletions, but some integrated proviruses were around twice the native genome length. These results demonstrate that lengthy retroviral genomes can be packaged and that genome length is not strictly limited at any individual replication step. These observations also suggest that the lengthy read-through RNAs postulated to be intermediates in retroviral transduction can be packaged directly without further processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0620, USA
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Pfeiffer JK, Topping RS, Shin NH, Telesnitsky A. Altering the intracellular environment increases the frequency of tandem repeat deletion during Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcription. J Virol 1999; 73:8441-7. [PMID: 10482596 PMCID: PMC112863 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.10.8441-8447.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During retroviral DNA synthesis reverse transcriptase frequently performs nonrequired template switches that can lead to genetic rearrangements or recombination. It has been postulated that template switching occurs after pauses in the action of reverse transcriptase. Hence factors which affect pausing, such as polymerization rate, may affect the frequency of template switching. To address the hypothesis that increasing the time required to complete reverse transcription increases the frequency of template switching, we established conditions that lengthened the time required to complete a single round of intracellular Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcription approximately threefold. Under these conditions, which resulted from intracellular nucleotide pool imbalances generated with hydroxyurea, we examined template switching frequency using a lacZ-based tandem repeat deletion assay. We observed that the frequency of deletion during reverse transcription in hydroxyurea-treated cells was approximately threefold higher than that in untreated control cells. These findings suggest that rates of retroviral recombination may vary when the intracellular environment is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Pfeiffer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0620, USA
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Topping R, Demoitie MA, Shin NH, Telesnitsky A. Cis-acting elements required for strong stop acceptor template selection during Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcription. J Mol Biol 1998; 281:1-15. [PMID: 9680471 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1998.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Template switching is required during normal retroviral DNA synthesis and is involved in retroviral genetic recombination. The first strong stop template switch during Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcription was studied to examine how template switch acceptor templates are selected. Retroviral vectors with specific alterations in their template switch acceptor regions were constructed, and DNA products templated by these vectors during a single replication cycle were analyzed. The results indicated that maximizing complementarity between the primer strand 3' end and the acceptor template was not the most significant factor in determining a strong stop template switch site. Instead, preferential transfer to the U3/R junction was observed, with as little as one contiguous base-pair of complementarity between the primer terminus and the template strand sufficient to direct template switching to the U3/R junction. These findings suggest that, in contrast to prevailing dogma, a base-pairing-independent mechanism functions in the specific guidance of retroviral strong stop template switch to the U3/R junction. Certain template alterations 3' of the template switch site were at least as disruptive to acceptor template use as was primer-terminal mismatch, suggesting that template structure or primer strand-internal sequences are important determinants of acceptor template selection. We discuss the implications of these findings for the mechanisms of retroviral DNA synthesis and homologous recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Topping
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0620, USA
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Lee SH, Shin NH, Kang SH, Park JS, Chung SR, Min KR, Kim Y. Alpha-viniferin: a prostaglandin H2 synthase inhibitor from root of Carex humilis. Planta Med 1998; 64:204-207. [PMID: 9581514 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An inhibitor on cyclooxygenase activity of prostaglandin H2 synthase was purified from the root of Carex humilis Leyss (Cyperaceae) by a variety of column chromatographic methods. As a result of the structure analysis by FAB-mass, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectral data, the active compound was identified as (+)-alpha-viniferin, an oligomeric stilbene characterized originally from Caragana chamlagu Lamarck (Leguminosae). (+)-alpha-Viniferin exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition on cyclooxygenase activity, where 50% of inhibition (IC50) was shown at a final concentration of about 7 microM. Resveratrol, a putative building block of oligomeric stilbenes, also inhibited the cyclooxygenase activity. The inhibitory potency of (+)-alpha-viniferin was about 3- to 4-fold stronger than that of resveratrol on cyclooxygenase activity of prostaglandin H2 synthase partially purified from sheep seminal vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Kyongsan, Korea
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Shin NH, Ryu SY, Lee H, Min KR, Kim Y. Inhibitory effects of hydroxystilbenes on cyclooxygenase from sheep seminal vesicles. Planta Med 1998; 64:283-284. [PMID: 9581529 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N H Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Shin NH, Ryu SY, Choi EJ, Kang SH, Chang IM, Min KR, Kim Y. Oxyresveratrol as the potent inhibitor on dopa oxidase activity of mushroom tyrosinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 243:801-3. [PMID: 9500997 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol (2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene), a naturally occurring compound particularly found in Morus alba L., exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on dopa oxidase activity of tyrosinase which catalyzes rate-limiting steps of melanin biosynthesis. Oxyresveratrol with 0.3 to 5 microM exhibited potent and dose-dependent inhibitions (25 to 84%) on the enzyme activity, where 50% of inhibition was shown at the concentration of about 1 microM. Oxyresveratrol seemed to inhibit the dopa oxidase activity of tyrosinase via a noncompetitive manner (Ki = 9.1 x 10(-7) M) when L-dopa was used as a substrate. Oxyresveratrol exhibited about a 150-fold more potent inhibitory effect than resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene). The more hydroxy groups of the hydroxystilbenes are methylated to be methoxy groups, while the less inhibitory effects on the enzyme activity were exhibited. The results indicate that both the number and positions of hydroxy groups in oxyresveratrol seem to play a critical role in exerting the inhibitory effect on dopa oxidase activity of mushroom tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Yeh HM, Chiang W, Chen SF, Dai SM, Shin NH, Wu CS, Tsai WJ, Yen JH, Chen JR. Rheumatoid factor in hepatitis B virus surface antigen positive patients. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1994; 10:239-43. [PMID: 8040926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid factor (RF) is often found in the sera of patients with nonrheumatic diseases in comparison with normal individuals. We collected 95 healthy HBs antigen positive adults and 98 healthy HBs antigen negative adults. RF was present in 14.74% (14/95) of the HBs antigen positive group while it was present in 3.06% (3/98) of the HBs antigen negative group (p < 0.05). RF was positive in 15.38% (2/13) of the HBe antigen positive patients whereas it was positive in 14.63% (12/82) of the HBe antigen negative patients (p > 0.05). RF was found positive in 16.90% (12/71) of the anti-HBe antibody positive group while it was positive in 8.33% (2/24) of the anti-HBe antibody negative group (p > 0.05). We conclude that the positive rate of RF in HBs antigen positive patients is significantly higher than in that of HBs antigen negative patients. The incidence of RF positivity of the HBe antigen positive group is not higher than that of the HBe antigen negative group. The positive rate of RF in anti-HBe antibody positive group has a tendency to be higher than in that of their negative counterparts though there was no significant difference between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Yeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Lee SJ, Shin NH, Ko JJ, Um CI, George TF. Crossovers of the density of states in two-direction double-barrier resonant-tunneling structures. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 45:9173-9178. [PMID: 10000782 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.9173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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