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Mahmood M, Samli HE, Sener-Aydemir A, Sharma S, Zebeli Q, Khiaosa-ard R. Moringa oleifera and Propolis in Cattle Nutrition: Characterization of Metabolic Activities in the Rumen In Vitro. Metabolites 2022; 12:1237. [PMID: 36557275 PMCID: PMC9780799 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera by-products such as seed cake and leaves are protein-rich ingredients, while raw propolis has the potential to influence ruminal protein metabolism. These substances are also known to be sources of functional compounds. With these properties, they could modulate ruminal fermentation activities. Using the rumen simulation technique, we investigated ruminal fermentation and the antioxidant properties of four dietary treatments. These included a control diet (CON) without supplementation; the CON diet top-dressed on a dry matter (DM) basis, either with moringa seed cake (MSC, containing 49% crude protein (CP)), moringa leaf powder (ML, containing 28% CP), or raw propolis (PRO, 3% CP). MSC, ML, and PRO accounted for 3.8, 7.4, and 0.1% of the total diet DM, respectively. Both ML and MSC resulted in 14 and 27% more ammonia concentration, respectively than CON and PRO (p < 0.05). MSC increased the propionate percentage at the expense of acetate (p < 0.05). Both ML and MSC decreased methane percentages by 7 and 10%, respectively, compared to CON (p < 0.05). The antioxidant capacity of the moringa seed cake, moringa leaf powder, and raw propolis were 1.14, 0.56, and 8.56 mg Trolox/g DM, respectively. However, such differences were not evident in the fermentation fluid. In conclusion, the supplementation of moringa seed cake desirably modulates rumen microbial activities related to protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarik Mahmood
- Animal Nutrition Section, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Sub Campus Jhang, 12 km Chiniot Road, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Ersin Samli
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Degirmenalti Campus, Tekirdag 59030, Turkey
| | - Arife Sener-Aydemir
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Suchitra Sharma
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ratchaneewan Khiaosa-ard
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Salt MPF, da Silva FF, de Carvalho GGP, Santos LV, de Souza SO, Vieira VA, Paixão TR, Silva JWD, de Lima Júnior DM, Silva RR. Inclusion of palm kernel cake in the supplement reduces nutrient digestibility but does not interfere with the performance of steers finished on tropical pasture. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:406. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gebrai Y, Ghebremichael K, Mihelcic JR. A systems approach to analyzing food, energy, and water uses of a multifunctional crop: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148254. [PMID: 34412387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional crops can simultaneously contribute to multiple societal objectives. As a result, they represent an attractive means for improving rural livelihoods. Moringa oleifera is an example of a multifunctional crop that produces nutritious leaves with uses as food, fodder, and a biostimulant to enhance crop growth. It yields seeds containing a water purifying coagulant and oil with cosmetic uses and possible biofuel feedstock. Despite Moringa oleifera's (and other multifunctional crops') various Food-Energy-Water uses, optimizing the benefits of its multiple uses and livelihood improvements remains challenging. There is a need for holistic approaches capable of assessing the multifunctionality of agriculture and livelihood impacts. Therefore, this paper critically evaluates Moringa oleifera's Food-Energy-Water-Livelihood nexus applications to gain insight into the tradeoffs and synergies among its various applications using a systems thinking approach. A systems approach is proposed as a holistic thinking framework that can help navigate the complexity of a crop's multifunctionality. The "Success to the Successful" systems archetype was adopted to capture the competition between the need for leaf yields and seed yields. In areas where there is energy and water insecurity, Moringa oleifera seed production is recommended for its potential to coproduce oil, the water purifying coagulant, and a residue that can be applied as a fertilizer. In areas where food insecurity is an issue, focusing on leaf production would be beneficial due to its significance in augmenting food for human consumption, animal feed, and its use as a biostimulant to increase crop yields. A causal loop diagram was found to effectively map the interconnections among the various uses of Moringa oleifera and associated livelihood improvements. This framework provides stakeholders with a conceptual decision-making tool that can help maximize positive livelihood outcomes. This approach can also be applied for improved management of other multifunctional crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Gebrai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Avenue, ENG 030, Tampa, FL 33620, United States of America
| | - Kebreab Ghebremichael
- Patel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Avenue, CGS 238, Tampa, FL 33612, United States of America.
| | - James R Mihelcic
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Avenue, ENG 030, Tampa, FL 33620, United States of America
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Replacing sorghum with palm kernel cake in the diet decreased intake without altering crossbred cattle performance. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 53:45. [PMID: 33237396 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Palm kernel cake is a viable alternative for use in cattle feed to reduce production costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of concentrations in diet dry matter (DM) of palm kernel cake on intake and digestibility of nutrients and performance of cattle finished in a feedlot system. Forty non-castrated crossbred cattle, with an average age of 24 ± 2 months and an average weight of 331.12 ± 36.20 kg, were distributed among four treatments (control 0%, without heart of palm kernel cake in the diet; 8%, 16%, and 24% of palm kernel cake in diet DM). Variance and regression analysis were performed in function of the palm kernel cake concentrations in diet DM (P < 0.05). The dry matter intake decreased linearly (P < 0.05) as the concentrations in diet DM of palm kernel cake in the diet increased. The inclusion of palm kernel cake in the animals' diet decreased (P < 0.05) on dry matter digestibility. No effects (P > 0.05) of palm kernel cake on average daily gain or feed conversion were observed. The palm kernel cake can be included in the diet of crossbred bulls finished in confinement at concentrations in diet DM of up to 24%, as it has not influenced performance.
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Sustainability of feeding plant by-products: A review of the implications for ruminant meat production. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Effects of the inclusion of Moringa oleifera seed on rumen fermentation and methane production in a beef cattle diet using the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Animal 2018; 13:283-291. [PMID: 29954468 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118001428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera seeds are currently being used as a livestock feed across tropical regions of the world due to its availability and palatability. However, limited knowledge exists on the effects of the raw seeds on ruminant metabolism. As such, the rumen stimulation technique was used to evaluate the effects of substituting increasing concentrations of ground Moringa seeds (0, 100, 200 and 400 g/kg concentrate dry matter (DM)) in the diet on rumen fermentation and methane production. Two identical, Rusitec apparatuses, each with eight fermenters were used with the first 8 days used for adaptation and days 9 to 16 used for measurements. Fermenters were fed a total mixed ration with Urochloa brizantha as the forage. Disappearance of DM, CP, NDF and ADF linearly decreased (P<0.01) with increasing concentrations of Moringa seeds in the diet. Total volatile fatty acid production and the acetate to propionate ratio were also linearly decreased (P<0.01). However, only the 400 g/kg (concentrate DM basis) treatment differed (P<0.01) from the control. Methane production (%), total microbial incorporation of 15N and total production of microbial N linearly decreased (P<0.01) as the inclusion of Moringa seeds increased. Though the inclusion of Moringa seeds in the diet decreased CH4 production, this arose from an unfavourable decrease in diet digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters.
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Medeiros F, Silva A, Carneiro H, Araújo D, Morais R, Moreira M, Bezerra L. Fontes proteicas alternativas oriundas da cadeia produtiva do biodiesel para alimentação de ruminantes. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-7703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivou-se avaliar a degradação e a produção de gás de diferentes fontes proteicas geradas na cadeia produtiva do biodiesel em substituição à silagem de milho. Os tratamentos foram: coprodutos de Gossyypium hirsutum, Ricinus communis, Moringa oleifera, Jatropha curcas, Helianthus annus. Os produtos foram analisados mediante a técnica semiautomática de produção de gases in vitro. O coproduto da moringa apresentou maior taxa de degradação, quando comparado aos demais alimentos, porém apresentou baixa produção de gás e se tornou mais eficiente, sendo, portanto, indicado como o melhor nível (27,06%) de substituição à silagem de milho. O coproduto da mamona e o do algodão produziram a maior quantidade de gás em 48h de incubação. Todos os coprodutos estudados podem ser utilizados na dieta de ruminantes como alimento proteico até 30% de substituição à silagem de milho.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A.M.A. Silva
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Brasil; CNPq, Brasil
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Gonzaga Neto S, Oliveira RL, de Lima FHS, de Medeiros AN, Bezerra LR, Viégas J, do Nascimento NG, de Freitas Neto MD. Milk production, intake, digestion, blood parameters, and ingestive behavior of cows supplemented with by-products from the biodiesel industry. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47:191-200. [PMID: 25319453 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the intake, digestion, blood parameters, and feeding behavior of crossbred dairy cows (Holstein × Gir) managed on Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania-1 and provided supplementation with groundnut cake, sunflower cake, or palm kernel cake (to replace soybean meal). Sixteen cows were randomly assigned in a Latin square design with four treatments and four experimental periods. The consumption of nutrients from the pasture did not vary between experimental treatments. Cows receiving the palm kernel cake supplement had a reduced crude protein, non-fibrous carbohydrate, and total digestible nutrient intake and an increase in the average consumption of ether extract. There was also a reduction in the digestibility of dry matter. The inclusion of supplements in the diet did not influence the average time spent eating, ruminating, or resting. The mean values of respiratory and heart rates showed thermal comfort during the trial period. There was a reduction in blood urea nitrogen with palm kernel cake supplementation, and the values of total protein, albumin, and glucose were also significantly different with this supplement. It is recommended that cakes of groundnut cake and sunflower cake seed be used for a total replacement of soybean meal supplements for lactating cows, but the use of palm kernel cake is not recommended.
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