1
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Gill BD, Wood JE. Rapid Analysis of Taurine in Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J AOAC Int 2023; 106:384-388. [PMID: 36303304 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taurine is recognized as an essential growth factor and as being critical in the maintenance of functional tissue regulation. OBJECTIVE A rapid compliance method for the analysis of taurine that is applicable to infant formula and milk-based nutritional products is described. METHOD Following protein precipitation with Carrez solutions, taurine in the sample extract is separated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with detection by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Stable isotope-labeled taurine internal standard is used for quantification to correct for losses in extraction and variations in ionization in the ion source. RESULTS The method was shown to be accurate, with acceptable recovery of 99.6% (range = 91.1-106.5%). Results for National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-certified reference materials showed no statistical bias for NIST 1849a (P = 0.96) and NIST 1869 (P = 0.88) when compared with reference values. No bias was found when results were compared with those of an international reference method, AOAC Official MethodSM997.05 (P = 0.18). Repeatability was estimated to be 3.1% RSDr (range: 2.4-4.0%, HorRat: 0.3), and intermediate precision was estimated to be 4.9% RSDiR (range: 2.2-7.7%). CONCLUSIONS Successful single-laboratory validation demonstrates that this rapid method is suitable for use in high-throughput laboratories as part of routine product compliance release testing of taurine in nutritional products. HIGHLIGHTS A method for the analysis of taurine in infant formula and adult nutritionals by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is described. The method is suitable for use in high-throughput laboratories for routine product compliance testing of taurine. A single-laboratory validation study demonstrated the method to be accurate, precise, and fit for purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon D Gill
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, Laboratory Operations, PO Box 7, Waitoa 3341, New Zealand
| | - Jackie E Wood
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, Laboratory Operations, PO Box 7, Waitoa 3341, New Zealand
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2
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Zheng Z, Li J. Novel Strategies for Physical Data Fitting Based on a Cooling Crystallization Process of myo-Inositol. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuochao Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610065, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610065, China
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3
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Morton SU, Leyshon BJ, Tamilia E, Vyas R, Sisitsky M, Ladha I, Lasekan JB, Kuchan MJ, Grant PE, Ou Y. A Role for Data Science in Precision Nutrition and Early Brain Development. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:892259. [PMID: 35815018 PMCID: PMC9259898 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.892259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide biomarkers of early influences on neurodevelopment such as nutrition, environmental and genetic factors. As the exposure to early influences can be separated from neurodevelopmental outcomes by many months or years, MRI markers can serve as an important intermediate outcome in multivariate analyses of neurodevelopmental determinants. Key to the success of such work are recent advances in data science as well as the growth of relevant data resources. Multimodal MRI assessment of neurodevelopment can be supplemented with other biomarkers of neurodevelopment such as electroencephalograms, magnetoencephalogram, and non-imaging biomarkers. This review focuses on how maternal nutrition impacts infant brain development, with three purposes: (1) to summarize the current knowledge about how nutrition in stages of pregnancy and breastfeeding impact infant brain development; (2) to discuss multimodal MRI and other measures of early neurodevelopment; and (3) to discuss potential opportunities for data science and artificial intelligence to advance precision nutrition. We hope this review can facilitate the collaborative march toward precision nutrition during pregnancy and the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Eleonora Tamilia
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rutvi Vyas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michaela Sisitsky
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Imran Ladha
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - P Ellen Grant
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yangming Ou
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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4
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Toni T, Alverdy J, Gershuni V. Re-examining chemically defined liquid diets through the lens of the microbiome. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:903-911. [PMID: 34594028 PMCID: PMC8815794 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trends in nutritional science are rapidly shifting as information regarding the value of eating unprocessed foods and its salutary effect on the human microbiome emerge. Unravelling the evolution and ecology by which humans have harboured a microbiome that participates in every facet of health and disease is daunting. Most strikingly, the host habitat has sought out naturally occurring foodstuff that can fulfil its own metabolic needs and also the needs of its microbiota, each of which remain inexorably connected to one another. With the introduction of modern medicine and complexities of critical care, came the assumption that the best way to feed a critically ill patient is by delivering fibre-free chemically defined sterile liquid foods (that is, total enteral nutrition). In this Perspective, we uncover the potential flaws in this assumption and discuss how emerging technology in microbiome sciences might inform the best method of feeding malnourished and critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Toni
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Alverdy
- University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victoria Gershuni
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Washington University in St Louis, Department of Surgery, St Louis, MO, USA,Corresponding author
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5
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Ali AH, Wei W, Wang X. A review of milk gangliosides: Occurrence, biosynthesis, identification, and nutritional and functional significance. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoneim H Ali
- Department of Food Science Faculty of Agriculture Zagazig University Zagazig 44511 Egypt
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Wei Wei
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
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6
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Li YQ, Guo C. A Review on Lactoferrin and Central Nervous System Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071810. [PMID: 34359979 PMCID: PMC8307123 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are currently one of the major health issues around the world. Most CNS disorders are characterized by high oxidative stress levels and intense inflammatory responses in affected tissues. Lactoferrin (Lf), a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein, plays a significant role in anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulator, antitumor immunity, and anti-apoptotic processes. Previous studies have shown that Lf is abnormally expressed in a variety of neurological diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the promotion of neurodevelopment and neuroprotection by Lf has attracted widespread attention, and Lf could be exploited both as an active therapeutic agent and drug nanocarrier. However, our understanding of the roles of Lf proteins in the initiation or progression of CNS diseases is limited, especially the roles of Lf in regulating neurogenesis. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the major pharmacological effects of Lf in CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular disease, developmental delays in children, and brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuang Guo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-24-8365-6109
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7
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Bioactive Compounds in Infant Formula and Their Effects on Infant Nutrition and Health: A Systematic Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2021; 2021:8850080. [PMID: 34095293 PMCID: PMC8140835 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8850080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infant formulas are an alternative to replace or supplement human milk when breastfeeding is not possible. The knowledge of human milk's bioactive compounds and their beneficial effects has attracted the interest of researchers in the field of infant nutrition, as well as researchers of technology and food sciences that seek to improve the nutritional characteristics of infant formulas. Several scientific studies evaluate the optimization of infant formula composition. The bioactive compound inclusion has been used to upgrade the quality and nutrition of infant formulas. In this context, the purpose of this systematic literature review is to assess the scientific evidence of bioactive compounds present in infant formulas (α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, taurine, milk fat globule membrane, folates, polyamines, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, prebiotics, and probiotics) and their effects on infant nutrition and health. Through previously determined criteria, studies published in the last fifteen years from five different databases were included to identify the advances in the optimization of infant formula composition. Over the last few years, there has been optimization of the infant formula composition, not only to increase the similarities in their content of macro and micronutrients but also to include novel bioactive ingredients with potential health benefits for infants. Although the infant food industry has advanced in the last years, there is no consensus on whether novel bioactive ingredients added to infant formulas have the same functional effects as the compounds found in human milk. Thus, further studies about the impact of bioactive compounds in infant nutrition are fundamental to infant health.
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8
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Catenza KF, Donkor KK. Recent approaches for the quantitative analysis of functional oligosaccharides used in the food industry: A review. Food Chem 2021; 355:129416. [PMID: 33774226 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functional oligosaccharides (OS) are diverse groups of carbohydrates that confer several health benefits stemming from their prebiotic activity. Commonly used oligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides, are used in a wide range of applications from food ingredients to mimic the prebiotic activity of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in infant formula to sugar and fat replacers in dairy and bakery products. However, while consumption of these compounds is associated with several positive health effects, increased consumption can cause intestinal discomfort and aggravation of intestinal bowel syndrome symptoms. Hence, it is essential to develop rapid and reliable techniques to quantify OS for quality control and proper assessment of their functionality in food and food products. The present review will focus on recent analytical techniques used to quantify OS in different matrices such as food and beverage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Catenza
- Department of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - K K Donkor
- Department of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), Thompson Rivers University, 805 TRU Way, Kamloops, BC V2C 0C8, Canada.
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9
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Ahern GJ, Hennessy A, Ryan CA, Ross RP, Stanton C. Advances in Infant Formula Science. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2019; 10:75-102. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-081318-104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human milk contains a plethora of nutrients and bioactive components to help nourish the developing neonate and is considered the “gold standard” for early life nutrition—as befits the only food “designed” by evolution to feed human infants. Over the past decade, there is considerable evidence that highlights the “intelligence” contained in milk components that contribute to infant health beyond basic nutrition—in areas such as programming the developing microbiome and immune system and protecting against infection. Such discoveries have led to new opportunities for infant milk formula (IMF) manufacturers to refine nutritional content in order to simulate the functionality of breast milk. These include the addition of specialized protein fractions as well as fatty acid and complex carbohydrate components—all of which have mechanistic supporting evidence in terms of improving the health and nutrition of the infant. Moreover, IMF is the single most important dietary intervention whereby the human microbiome can be influenced at a crucial early stage of development. In this respect, it is expected that the complexity of IMF will continue to increase as we get a greater understanding of how it can modulate microbiota development (including the development of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics) and influence long-term health. This review provides a scientific evaluation of key features of importance to infant nutrition, including differences in milk composition and emerging “humanized” ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace J. Ahern
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork P61 C996, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - A.A. Hennessy
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork P61 C996, Ireland
| | - C. Anthony Ryan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork P61 C996, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork P61 C996, Ireland
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10
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Dual-channeled capillary electrophoresis coupled with contactless conductivity detection for rapid determination of choline and taurine in energy drinks and dietary supplements. Talanta 2018; 193:168-175. [PMID: 30368287 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study is reported a simple and inexpensive method for concurrent determination of taurine and choline in different supplementary nutrient samples using dual-channeled capillary electrophoresis (CE) instrument with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D). The objective of the work is to propose a tool for food control activities that allows screening of different target compounds (having different characteristics) in a single run for high throughput and can be realizable even with modest infrastructure. Taurine was analyzed in the first CE channel using the background electrolyte (BGE) composed of 150 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane/lactic acid (pH 8.96) whereas choline was simultaneously separated in the second CE channel using a BGE containing 150 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane/acetic acid (pH 9.5). The best achieved detection limit was 0.27 mg/L and 0.45 mg/L for taurine and choline, respectively, using the developed CE-C4D method. Good agreement between results obtained from CE-C4D and those with the standard confirmation methods (HPLC-DAD for taurine and LC/MS for choline) was achieved, with the result deviation for the two pairs of data being less than 12%.
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11
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Shoji H, Taka H, Kaga N, Ikeda N, Hisata K, Miura Y, Shimizu T. Choline-related metabolites influenced by feeding patterns in preterm and term infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 33:230-235. [PMID: 29886808 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1488165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study was performed to examine the choline status on term and preterm infants using urinary metabolome analysis.Material and methods: Samples were collected from 19 term and 20 preterm infants between 15 days and 1 month, respectively. The infants were separated into four groups: the term-breast group (TB, n = 13), the term-formula group (TF, n = 6), the preterm-breast (PB, n = 11), and the preterm-mixed group (PM, n = 9). Urinary metabolome analysis was performed using capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOF/MS). We also performed metabolome analysis of the infant formulas.Results: Urinary excretion of choline metabolites (choline, N,N-dimethylglycine, sarcosine, and betaine) was significantly higher in TB than TF infants (p < .05). Choline, betaine, and sarcosine excretion was not significantly different between the PB and TB infants. Choline and N,N-dimethylglycine excretion was significantly higher in PM than PB infants. Choline metabolites excretion was also significantly higher in PM than TF infants. Choline and betaine levels were significantly higher in the preterm than term formula used in this study.Conclusions: The type of feeding in early infancy affects choline metabolism. Metabolome analysis is useful for assessing choline metabolism to modify the contents of infant formulas also in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Shoji
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikari Taka
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaga
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naho Ikeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Hisata
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miura
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Zheng H, Yu W, Xue X, Guo Z, Liu Y, Yang G, Liu Y, Zhu J. Simultaneous determination of free and total choline andl-carnitine in infant formula using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3176-3185. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control; Jinan China
| | - Wenjiang Yu
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control; Jinan China
| | - Xia Xue
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control; Jinan China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Science; Liaoning China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Science; Liaoning China
| | - Guosheng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan China
| | - Yanming Liu
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control; Jinan China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control; Jinan China
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13
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Bergua F, Nuez M, Muñoz-Embid J, Lafuente C, Artal M. Volumetric and acoustic behaviour of myo-inositol in aqueous Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent solutions. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.02.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Stout MA, Benoist DM, Drake MA. Technical note: Simultaneous carotenoid and vitamin analysis of milk from total mixed ration-fed cows optimized for xanthophyll detection. J Dairy Sci 2018. [PMID: 29525312 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of retinol, α-tocopherol, and major carotenoids in dairy products are often determined simultaneously by liquid chromatography. These compounds have different polarity and solubility; thus, extracting them simultaneously can be difficult and inefficient. In milks with low carotenoid concentrations, the xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin may not be completely resolved using common extraction techniques. A simplified method was developed to optimize extraction efficiency and the limit of detection and limit of quantification (LoQ) of lutein and zeaxanthin in bovine milk without decreasing sensitivity to other vitamins or carotenoids. The developed method evaluates lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, retinol, and α-tocopherol simultaneously by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection. Common saponification temperatures (40-60°C) and concentrations of KOH in water (10-50% KOH wt/vol) were evaluated. Multiple solvents were evaluated for optimal xanthophyll extraction (diethyl ether, dichloromethane, hexane, and tetrahydrofuran) following saponification. The limit of detection and LoQ were defined as 3:1 and 10:1 signal-to-noise ratio, respectively. All experiments were performed in triplicate. The optimal saponification procedure was a concentration of 25% KOH at either 40 or 50°C. Saponified extracts solubilized in solutions containing diethyl ether had greater concentrations of lutein- than hexane- or tetrahydrofuran-based solutions, with peak areas above LoQ values. The solution containing diethyl ether solubilized similar concentrations of retinol, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene when compared with other solutions. The proposed optimized method allows for the simultaneous determination of carotenoids from milk with increased lutein and zeaxanthin sensitivity without sacrificing recovery of retinol, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Stout
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
| | - D M Benoist
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
| | - M A Drake
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695.
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15
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Perea-Sanz L, Garcia-Llatas G, Lagarda MJ. Gangliosides in human milk and infant formula: A review on analytical techniques and contents. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2017.1347671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Perea-Sanz
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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