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Kazemi N, Bordbar A, Bavarsad SS, Ghasemi P, Bakhshi M, Rezaeeyan H. Molecular Insights into the Relationship Between Platelet Activation and Endothelial Dysfunction: Molecular Approaches and Clinical Practice. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:932-947. [PMID: 38184492 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-01010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Platelets are one of the coagulation cells. When platelet activation occurs, many mediators are released and affect endothelial cells (ECs) and lead to endothelial dysfunction (ED). ED plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Platelet are of important factors in ED. The release of mediators by platelets causes the stimulation of inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, which ultimately result in ED.On the other hand, platelet activation in CVD patients can be associated with a bad prognosis. Platelet activation can increase the level of markers such as p-selectin in the serum. Also, in this study, we have discussed the role of platelet as a diagnostic factor, as well as its use as a treatment option. In addition, we discussed some of the molecular pathways that are used to target platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Kazemi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Bordbar
- Department of Cardiology, Musavi Hospital, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Ghasemi
- Research Committee, Medical School, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Maryam Bakhshi
- Islamic Azad University of Najaf Abad, Affiliated Hospitals, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hadi Rezaeeyan
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Tehran, Iran.
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Susanto M, Pangihutan Siahaan AM, Wirjomartani BA, Setiawan H, Aryanti C, Michael. The neuroprotective effect of statin in traumatic brain injury: A systematic review. World Neurosurg X 2023; 19:100211. [PMID: 37251243 PMCID: PMC10220252 DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2023.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent encouraging pharmaceutical and technical breakthroughs in neurosurgical critical care, traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related mortality and morbidity remain substantial clinical issues. Medication of statins was revealed to enhance outcomes following TBI in animal research. In addition to their main role of decreasing serum cholesterol, statins decrease inflammation and enhance cerebral blood flow. However, research on the efficacy of statins in TBI is still limited. This systematic review was conducted to determine the efficacy of statins in enhancing the clinical outcomes of TBI individuals, and specifically investigate the optimal dose and form of statins. The databases of PubMed, DOAJ, EBSCO, and Cochrane were extensively researched. The date of publication within the last fifteen years was the inclusion criterion. Meta-analyses, clinical trials, and randomized controlled trials were prioritized forms of research publications. Ambiguous remarks, irrelevant correlations to the main issue, or a focus on disorders other than TBI were the exclusion criteria. Thirteen research were included in this study. Simvastatin, atorvastatin, and rosuvastatin were the main form of statins discussed in this study. Enhancement of the Glasgow Coma Scale, survival rates, hospital length of stay, and cognitive outcomes were revealed in this study. This study suggests either simvastatin 40 mg, atorvastatin 20 mg, or rosuvastatin 20 mg for 10 days as the optimal therapeutic forms and doses to be applied in the management of TBI. Pre-TBI statin use was linked to lower risk of mortality in TBI individuals compared to nonusers, whereas statin discontinuation was linked to an increase in mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Susanto
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Hendy Setiawan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Citra Aryanti
- Department of Surgery, University of Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Michael
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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Wei C, Wang J, Yu J, Tang Q, Liu X, Zhang Y, Cui D, Zhu Y, Mei Y, Wang Y, Wang W. Therapy of traumatic brain injury by modern agents and traditional Chinese medicine. Chin Med 2023; 18:25. [PMID: 36906602 PMCID: PMC10008617 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of disability and death, and the social burden of mortality and morbidity caused by TBI is significant. Under the influence of comprehensive factors, such as social environment, lifestyle, and employment type, the incidence of TBI continues to increase annually. Current pharmacotherapy of TBI mainly focuses on symptomatic supportive treatment, aiming to reduce intracranial pressure, ease pain, alleviate irritability, and fight infection. In this study, we summarized numerous studies covering the use of neuroprotective agents in different animal models and clinical trials after TBI. However, we found that no drug has been approved as specifically effective for the treatment of TBI. Effective therapeutic strategies for TBI remain an urgent need, and attention is turning toward traditional Chinese medicine. We analyzed the reasons why existing high-profile drugs had failed to show clinical benefits and offered our views on the research of traditional herbal medicine for treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhu Wei
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jintao Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Cui
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanqiong Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanli Mei
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wenzhu Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Feng Y, Lang J, Sun B, Yan Z, Zhao Z, Sun G. Atorvastatin prevents endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in TBI mice. Neurol Res 2023; 45:590-602. [PMID: 36681943 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2170905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our present study evaluated the neuroprotection effects of atorvastatin by inhibiting TBI-induced ER stress, as well as the potential role of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in experimental TBI. METHODS First, the mice were divided into four groups:sham, TBI, TBI+Vehicle and TBI+atorvastatin groups. The mice received atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) through intragastric gavage once a day for 3 days before TBI. In addition, Nrf2 WT and Nrf2 knockout mice were randomly divided into four groups: Nrf2+/+ TBI, Nrf2+/+ TBI+atorvastatin, Nrf2-/- TBI, and Nrf2-/- TBI+atorvastatin groups. Several neurobehavioral parameters were assessed post-TBI using mNSS, brain edema and the rotarod test, and the brain was isolated for molecular and biochemical analysis conducted through TUNEL staining and western blotting. . RESULTS The results showed that atorvastatin treatment significantly improved neurological deficits, alleviated brain edema, and apoptosis caused by TBI. Western blotting analysis showed that atorvastatin significantly suppressed ER stress and its related apoptotic pathway after TBI, which may be associated with the further activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. However, compared with the Nrf2+/+ TBI+Vehicle group, Nrf2 deficiency further aggravated neurological deficits and promoted ER stress-mediated apoptosis induced by TBI. Interestingly, atorvastatin failed to improve neurological deficits but reversed apoptosis, and the loss of the beneficial properties of anti-ER stress in the Nrf2-/- TBI mice. . CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that atorvastatin improves the neurologic functions and protects the brain from injury in the Nrf2+/+ TBI mice, primarily by counteracting ER stress-mediated apoptosis, which may be achieved through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shi Jiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jiadong Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shi Jiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Boyu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shi Jiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhongjie Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shi Jiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zongmao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shi Jiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guozhu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shi Jiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Mahmoudi A, Heydari S, Markina YV, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Role of statins in regulating molecular pathways following traumatic brain injury: A system pharmacology study. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113304. [PMID: 35724514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious disorder with debilitating physical and psychological complications. Previous studies have indicated that genetic factors have a critical role in modulating the secondary phase of injury in TBI. Statins have interesting pleiotropic properties such as antiapoptotic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects, which make them a suitable class of drugs for repurposing in TBI. In this study, we aimed to explore how statins modulate proteins and pathways involved in TBI using system pharmacology. We first explored the target associations with statins in two databases to discover critical clustering groups, candidate hub and critical hub genes in the network of TBI, and the possible connections of statins with TBI-related genes. Our results showed 1763 genes associated with TBI. Subsequently, the analysis of centralities in the PPI network displayed 55 candidate hub genes and 15 hub genes. Besides, MCODE analysis based on threshold score:10 determined four modular clusters. Intersection analysis of genes related to TBI and statins demonstrated 204 shared proteins, which suggested that statins influence 31 candidate hub and 9 hub genes. Moreover, statins had the highest interaction with MCODE1. The biological processes of the 31 shared proteins are related to gene expression, inflammation, antioxidant activity, and cell proliferation. Biological enriched pathways showed Programmed Cell Death proteins, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, C-type lectin receptor signalling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway as top clusters. In conclusion, statins could target several critical post-TBI genes mainly involved in inflammation and apoptosis, supporting the previous research results as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177899191, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sahar Heydari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Yuliya V Markina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBI "Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery", 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418, Moscow, the Russian Federation
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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