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Li H, Ding Y, Zhou H, Hu L, Feng Y, Shen Z, Zhang H, Shu L, Tan L. The epidemiological characteristics of pediatric head injury in Hangzhou, China: a retrospective study based on cranial CT examinations. Brain Inj 2024; 38:241-248. [PMID: 38282240 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2024.2309545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE This study aims to create a pediatric head injury database based on cranial CT examinations and explore their epidemiologic characteristics. METHODS Data related to cranial CT examinations of pediatric head injuries from March 2014 to March 2021 were collected at outpatient and emergency department of a pediatric medical center. The causes of injury, observable post-injury symptoms, and cranial injury findings were extracted with the assistance of natural language processing techniques. RESULTS Reviewing the data from records on 52,821 children with head injuries over a period of 7 years, the most common causes of pediatric head injury were falls (58.3%), traffic accidents (26.0%), smash/crush/strike (13.9%), violence (1.5%) and sports-related incidents (0.3%). Overall, most of those injured were boys which accounting for 62.2% of all cases. Skull fractures most commonly occur in the parietal bone (9.0%), followed by the occipital (5.2%), frontal (3.3%) and temporal bones (3.0%). Most intracranial hemorrhages occurred in epidural (5.8%), followed by subdural (5.1%), subarachnoid (0.9%), intraparenchymal (0.5%) and intraventricular (0.2%) hemorrhages. Spring and autumn showed more events than any other season. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest sample of epidemiological study of head injury in the Chinese pediatric population to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haomin Li
- Clinical Data Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yushuang Ding
- Radiology Department, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haichun Zhou
- Radiology Department, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Hu
- SICU, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- Clinical Data Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Shen
- Neurosurgery Department, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongxi Zhang
- Radiology Department, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqi Shu
- Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Linhua Tan
- SICU, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Verma V, Mahendra M, Rastogi D, Agarwal A, Afaque SF, M C P. Epidemiology of Pediatric Musculoskeletal Trauma Patients Admitted to a Trauma Center in Northern India: A Prospective Cohort Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e43327. [PMID: 37701009 PMCID: PMC10493041 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pediatric injuries are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide and place a considerable burden on nations with limited resources. A careful investigation of the epidemiology of pediatric musculoskeletal trauma can provide insight into its causation and the demography of the affected children and help us devise preventive strategies to reduce the burden of pediatric musculoskeletal trauma. Methodology Musculoskeletal trauma patients up to the age of 18 years were included in this prospective cohort study. Information about age, sex, time since the injury to presentation to a trauma center, mode of injury, the site where the injury was suffered, and the exact injury were recorded. Age was further recorded as 0 to 3 years, >3 to 6 years, >6 to 12 years, and >12 to 18 years. A subgroup analysis of the mode of injury was done using age group and sex. Results A total of 201 patients were enrolled in the study. The age (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) of the enrolled patients was 12.48 ± 4.71 years. Of the 201 patients enrolled, 146 (72.63%) were males. The mean time since the injury to the reception in the emergency department of the King George's Medical University trauma center (a tertiary care center) was 19.13 ± 33.86 hours. The common mechanisms of injury observed were road traffic accidents (RTAs, 55.22%), falls from height (29.35%), and falls at ground level. There was a significant difference in the mode of injury in the age groups (P = 0.0297) and among males and females (P = 0.0034). Injuries to the lower limbs were most common in all age groups. Conclusions Our study presents the baseline epidemiological data on pediatric musculoskeletal injuries distributed by age groups, gender, mode of injury, site of injury, and region-wise distribution of injuries. The data may be used by policymakers in planning a pediatric trauma care system in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Verma
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, IND
| | - Mayank Mahendra
- Department of Orthopedics, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, IND
| | - Devarshi Rastogi
- Department of Orthopedics, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, IND
| | - Abhishek Agarwal
- Department of Sports Medicine, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, IND
| | - Syed Faisal Afaque
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, IND
| | - Prajwal M C
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, IND
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Sy EHCN, Atakla HG, Mbaye M, Thioub M, Nguepnang MP, Thiam AB, Ba MC, Badiane S. Severe brain injury in children aged 0-5 years in urban areas: the role of socio-economic development and parental responsibility. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:162. [PMID: 37401965 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Cranioencephalic trauma is a transient or permanent cerebral dysfunction resulting from a direct or indirect shock applied to the skull and its contents. The aim of this study was to establish the aetiological and favourable factors for the occurrence of cranioencephalic trauma in children under 5 years of age in an urban environment, in order to expose the implication of socio-economic development and parental responsibility. This was a 5-year mixed-methods analytical study from 10/07/2017 to 10/07/2022. It included 50 children, who were hospitalised at the neurosurgery department of Fann Hospital in Dakar for cranioencephalic trauma (CET) with a Blantyre score ≤ 2/5 and a GCS ≤ 8. During the study period, we had collected 50 children with severe CET. The mean age of the patients was 30.25 months with extremes of 01 months and 60 months. At 1 year post-CET, 8 children, i.e., 16% of the children, were seen with neurological after-effects such as motor disorders, with a p value of 0.041 ˂ 0.05. We are living in a period where the technological revolution is taking a big step forward every day. The misuse of NICT and the socio-economic stability of parents seem to influence the occurrence of severe CET in small children. It is becoming more and more frequent with the lack of supervision of children in favour of communication and leisure tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maguette Mbaye
- Neurosurgery Department, Fann's National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mbaye Thioub
- Neurosurgery Department, Fann's National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | - Momar Code Ba
- Neurosurgery Department, Fann's National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Seydou Badiane
- Neurosurgery Department, Fann's National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
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Sharma M, Pandey S, Kumar P, Singh K, Kumar P, Jha RP. Epidemiological and Clinico-radiological Evaluation of Head Injury in Pediatric Population. J Pediatr Neurosci 2020; 15:386-392. [PMID: 33936303 PMCID: PMC8078631 DOI: 10.4103/jpn.jpn_44_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head injury in infancy and childhood has been documented as the single most common cause of death. In India, children aged <15 years constitute 35% of the total population and contribute to 20-30% of all head injuries. In this study, we attempted to analyze the epidemiological factors, management, and outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The objective of this study were to find the causes of head injury in children and its pattern of distribution in this population and to analyze the efforts required to prevent the injury and management focusing on limiting the progression of primary brain injury and minimizing secondary brain insult. RESULTS A total of 2714 patients with head injury were admitted at our hospital during the study period and, out of them, 508 (18.17%) were pediatric patients with age less than 18 years. Of the 508 patients, only 497 patients were included in this study. In the present study, 357 (71.83%) were males and 140 (28.16%) were females. In total, 351 cases were managed conservatively whereas surgical intervention was conducted in 146 cases (P < 0.001). In this study, the most common mode of injury was a road traffic accident (RTA) (46.88%; n=233), followed by fall from height (34.8%; n=173) (P < 0.001). It was also seen that epidural hematoma and fracture hematoma were the most common computed tomography findings in pediatric patients with head injury followed by parenchymal contusion or contusion with or without fracture followed by diffuse axonal injury. A total of 344 cases out of 497 cases were discharged with Glasgow outcome score (GOS)-5 whereas nine cases remained in a persistent vegetative state (GOS-2). CONCLUSION Early intervention aimed at the primary lesion in TBI in children generally carries a good outcome, and limits as much as possible the ongoing biomechanical, physiological, and pathological sequelae post-TBI. In teenagers, the importance of proper self-care along with adequate safety gears while doing any TBI-prone activity should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Sharma
- Department of NeuroSurgery, Sir Sunder Lal Hospital, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sharad Pandey
- Department of NeuroSurgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
- Previously at: Department of NeuroSurgery, Sir Sunder Lal Hospital, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh -221005, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of NeuroSurgery, Sir Sunder Lal Hospital, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Kulwant Singh
- Department of NeuroSurgery, Sir Sunder Lal Hospital, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of NeuroSurgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Ravi Prakash Jha
- Department of Community Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Dr. Baba Sahib Ambedkar Medical College, Delhi 110085, India
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Hill K, Brenner M. Well siblings' experiences of living with a child following a traumatic brain injury: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2019; 8:81. [PMID: 30940180 PMCID: PMC6446255 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize the available evidence identified through a systematic search on well siblings' experiences of living with a child following a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Brain injuries in children have been referred to as the "silent epidemic" of current times. Brain injuries in children are also recognized as a global public health concern, with the impact on children, effects on family life, and caregiving markedly misunderstood and underestimated. It is widely recognized that a serious brain injury impacts on the whole family, both immediate and extended regardless of the age of the individual who experiences the brain injury. While some research refers to parental experiences of children with TBIs and caregivers experiences, there is a dearth of literature relating to the impact on well siblings and their perspectives. Well siblings' experiences regarding the impact of living with a child post-TBI are not well understood. In order to advance the delivery of family nursing care in the home, an understanding of the well siblings' experiences is fundamental. METHODS The search will be conducted using seven medical and healthcare databases for articles published up until February 2019. Two reviewers will independently screen the articles for inclusion and assess for study quality using the standardized critical appraisal instrument from the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-QARI). Two reviewers will extract data from each study and carry out data analysis to uncover themes within the literature. Data synthesis of findings will be carried out using JBI-QARI. DISCUSSION It is anticipated that the findings of the proposed review will be of interest to health and social care professionals, particularly those working in units where children have suffered TBIs, their well siblings, and families. The aim is to identify well siblings' experiences which can inform enhanced care delivery to the families of children following a TBI. The findings of this review will provide evidence to aid professionals with the assessment of siblings' needs to enhance their sense of self within the family unit. Future directions, in addition to potential limitations of the approach, will be discussed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018111036.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Hill
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maria Brenner
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Psychometric Properties of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) in Iranian Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury. Trauma Mon 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/traumamon.25534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Fakharian E, Mohammadzadeh M, Behdadmehr S, Sabri HR, Mirzadeh AS, Mohammadzadeh J. Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury in Patients From Kashan, Iran. Trauma Mon 2016; 21:e23869. [PMID: 28180123 PMCID: PMC5282941 DOI: 10.5812/traumamon.23869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide problem, especially in countries with high incidence of road traffic accidents such as Iran. Patients with a single occurrence of TBI have been shown to be at increased risk to sustain future TBI. Objectives The aim of this study was to present the incidence and characteristics of repeated TBI (RTBI) in Iranian patients. Patients and Methods During one year, all admitted TBI patients with prior TBI history were enrolled into the study. In each patient, data such as age, gender, past medical history, injury cause, anatomic site of injury, TBI severity, clinical findings and CT scan findings were collected. Results RTBI comprised 2.5% of TBI cases (41 of 1629). The incidence of RTBI per 100,000 individuals per years was 9.7. The main cause of RTBI was road traffic accident (68.3%); 9.7 % of cases had preexisting seizure/epilepsy disorder; 36.6% of patients with RTBI had pervious ICU admission due to severe TBI. Ten patients had Glasgow coma scale (GCS) ≤ 13 (24.4%). Seizure was seen in seven patients (17.1%). Thirty-nine percent of patients with RTBI had associated injuries. Eleven patients had abnormal CT scan findings (26.9%). Conclusions Considering the high incidence of trauma in developing countries, RTBI may also be more common compared with that of developed countries. This mandates a newer approach to preventive strategies, particularly in those with a previous experience of head injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Fakharian
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Mahdi Mohammadzadeh
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mahdi Mohammadzadeh, Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3155620634; +98-9132632168, E-mail:
| | - Shirin Behdadmehr
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sabri
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
| | | | - Javad Mohammadzadeh
- Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR Iran
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Rezaei S, Dehnadi Moghadam A, Khodadadi N, Rahmatpour P. Functional Independence Measure in Iran: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Evaluation of Ceiling and Floor Effects in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients. ARCHIVES OF TRAUMA RESEARCH 2016; 4:e25363. [PMID: 26848469 PMCID: PMC4733519 DOI: 10.5812/atr.25363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The functional independence measure (FIM) is one of the most important assessment instruments for motor and cognitive dependence in rehabilitation medicine; however, there is little data about its confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and ceiling/floor effects from other countries and also in Iranian patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate a two-factor model (motor and cognitive independence as latent variables) and ceiling/floor effects for FIM in Iranian patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 185 subacute TBI patients were selected from emergency and neurosurgery departments of Poursina Hospital (the largest trauma hospital in northern Iran, Rasht) using the consecutive sampling method and were assessed for functional independence. Results: The results of this study showed that the floor effect was not observed; however, ceiling effects were observed for the FIM total score and its subscales. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the chi-square/df ratio was 2.8 for the two-factor structure and the fit indices for this structural model including root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.099, normed fit index (NFI) = 0.96, tucker lewis index (TLI) = 0.97, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.97 were close to standard indices. Conclusions: Although ceiling effects should be considered for rehabilitation targets, the two-factor model of FIM (motor and cognitive independence) has an eligible fitness for Iranian patients with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Rezaei
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Sajjad Rezaei, Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9113390785, Fax: +98-1333338373, E-mail:
| | - Anoush Dehnadi Moghadam
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR Iran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR Iran
| | - Naeima Khodadadi
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR Iran
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR Iran
| | - Pardis Rahmatpour
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, IR Iran
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Behzadnia S, Shahmohammadi S. Road Traffic Injuries Among Iranian Children and Adolescents: An Epidemiological Review. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS REVIEW 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/jpr-4780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Jalalvandi F, Arasteh P, Safari Faramani R, Esmaeilivand M. Epidemiology of Pediatric Trauma and Its Patterns in Western Iran: A Hospital Based Experience. Glob J Health Sci 2015; 8:139-46. [PMID: 26755468 PMCID: PMC4954915 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Trauma is a major cause of mortality in children aged 1 to 14 years old and its patterns differs from country to country. In this study we investigated the epidemiology and distribution of non-intentional trauma in the pediatric population. MATERIALS & METHODS The archives of 304 children below 10 years old who presented to Taleghani trauma care center in Kermanshah, Iran from March to September 2008, were reviewed. Patients' demographic and injury related information were registered. The participants were categorized into three age groups of 0-2, 3-6 and 7-10 years old and the data was compared among age groups and between both sexes. FINDINGS The most common cause for trauma was falling from heights (65.5%) and road traffic accidents (16.4%). The most common anatomical sites of injury were the upper limbs followed by the head and neck (36.8% and 31.2%, respectively). Injuries mostly occurred in homes (67.4%). The injuries were mostly related to the orthopedics and the neurosurgery division (84.1% and 13.1%, respectively). Accident rates peaked during the hours of 18-24 (41.3%). Male and female patients did display any difference regarding the variables.Children between the ages of 0-2 years old had the highest rate of injury to the head and neck area (40.3%) (p=0.024). Falls and road traffic accidents displayed increasing rates from the ages of 0-2 to 3-6 and decreasing rates to the ages of 7-10 years old (p=0.013). From the ages of 0-2 to 3-6 years old, street accidents increased and household traumas decreased. After that age household trauma rates increased and street accidents decreased (p=0.005). Children between the ages of 7-10 years old had the highest rate of orthopedic injury (p=0.029). CONCLUSION Special planning and health policies are needed to prevent road accidents especially in children between the ages of 3-6 years old. Since homes were the place where children between the ages of 0-2 were mostly injured, parents should be educated about the correct safety measures that they need to take regarding their children's environments. The orthopedics department needs to receive the most training and resources for the management of pediatric trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Jalalvandi
- Faculty member of paramedical school. Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Nnadi MON, Bankole OB, Fente BG. Epidemiology and treatment outcome of head injury in children: A prospective study. J Pediatr Neurosci 2015; 9:237-41. [PMID: 25624926 PMCID: PMC4302543 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1745.147577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary: Head injury in children is a major concern all over the world. The increasing level of poverty in the world is exposing more children to trauma situations. The future consequences of trauma in these children are enormous, hence prevention they say, is better than cure. Aim of the Study: The study was designed to determine the etiological pattern, age group affectation and treatment outcome in children managed for head injury in our center. Methods: It was a prospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study of children with head injuries managed in our center from July 2010 to December 2013. Data were collected using structured proforma that was part of our prospective Data Bank approved by our hospital Research and Ethics Committee. Data were collected in accident and emergency unit, Intensive Care Unit, wards and out-patient clinic. The data was analyzed using Epi Info 7 software. Results: Total of 76 children managed by the unit and followed-up to a minimum of 3 months qualified for the study. There were 42 males. The age ranged from 7 months to 18 years with a mean of 8.66 years. There were 30 adolescent/teenagers. Road traffic accident formed 63.15%. Pedestrian accident was more among preschool and school children. Thirty-seven patients had mild head injury. Sixty-six patients were managed conservatively. The commonest posttraumatic effect was seizure (15.79%). Good functional outcome (≥4) was seen in 92.1%. Mode of accident and severity of injury affected the outcome. Conclusions: The etiologies of traumatic brain injury, from our study, were age dependent with falls commonest in toddlers and pedestrian accident commonest in pre-school and school ages. The outcome of treatment was related to severity of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O N Nnadi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - O B Bankole
- Neurosurgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - B G Fente
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobri, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
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Chrcanovic BR. Epidemiology of Pediatric Head Trauma in Guilan. ARCHIVES OF TRAUMA RESEARCH 2012; 1:141-2. [PMID: 24396766 PMCID: PMC3876543 DOI: 10.5812/atr.7589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ramos Chrcanovic
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- Corresponding author: Bruno Ramos Chrcanovic, Faculty of Odontology, Carl Gustafs Väg 34, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden. Tel.: +46-725541545, Fax: +46-40925359, E-mail:
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