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Hashempour T, Dehghani B, Mousavi Z, Akbari T, Hasanshahi Z, Moayedi J, Yahaghi M, Davarpanah MA. Association of Mutations in the NS5A-PKRBD Region and IFNL4 Genotypes with Hepatitis C Interferon Responsiveness and its Functional and Structural Analysis. CURR PROTEOMICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164617666200107091124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The cellular antiviral responses induced by interferons require some cellular
protein kinase for its activation. Evidence indicated that a number of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) proteins
can repress double-stranded (ds) RNA-dependent Protein Kinase (PKR) function and help HCV to escape.
However, the reports are controversial, some researchers have suggested that a region in Nonstructural
5A (NS5A) gene called Protein Kinase R-Binding Domain (PKR-BD) is associated with HCV sensitivity
to the antiviral effects of Interferon (IFN). In addition, the other factor that might be associated
with response to PEGylated-IFNα (Peg-IFNα) and Ribavirin (RBV) combination therapy, is IFNL4
genotypes.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between amino acid (aa) substitutions
in the NS5A region and the IFNL4 genotypes in two Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)
(rs8099917. rs12979860) in patients with HCV genotypes 1a and 3a. We also examined their response
to combination therapy and the effect of these mutations on the function and structure of PKR-BD.
Methods:
Eighty-six patients with hepatitis C were recruited and follow-up for 6 months. Several tests,
including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), viral load, IFNL4 genotyping,
and PKR-BD sequencing were performed. Using several well-known and trustworthy bioinformatics
tools, sequences were analyzed to define physio-chemical properties, structural features, immune
epitopes and protein-protein interaction.
Results:
Of the 86 patients, 65.1% had high viral load at baseline, 64% had CT genotype for rs12979860
and 57% had GT genotype for rs8099917. Several aa residues changes were found in the PKR-BD region.
We could not find any link between mutations in the PKR-BD region and different genotypes of IFNL4
in response to antiviral therapy. Regardless of pI, PKR-BD 1a and 3a showed similar physio-chemical
properties, and 2 phosphorylation sites and one glycosylation site were estimated for both PKR-BD 1a
and 3a. Trustworthy software were employed in order to predict B-cell epitopes, 3 regions (6-17, 26-32,
34-41) were found for both proteins, indicating a huge potential of PKR-BD protein to induce humoral
immune system. Docking analysis determined non-responder sequences in both 1a and 3a genotypes
to have higher energy value and are more compatible with PKR.
Conclusion:
To sum up, our results could not determine any significant relationship between mutations
of PKR-BD and genotypes of IFNL4 with other factors; ALT, AST, viral load. However, docking results
showed strengthened interaction between PKR-BD and PKR in non-responders that could have a
momentous impact on the illness severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Hashempour
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behzad Dehghani
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Akbari
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Zahra Hasanshahi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Javad Moayedi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Yahaghi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Davarpanah
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
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Vasmehjani AA, Yaghubi S, Erfani Y, Hajikhezri Z, Farahmand M, Shayestehpour M, Adeli OA, Beiranvand M. Trend in Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Blood Donor Individuals: An Eleven-year of Experience in Lorestan, Iran. Int J Prev Med 2021; 11:178. [PMID: 33456734 PMCID: PMC7804870 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_260_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus is one of the transfusion transmissible infections. Despite the availability of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine and screening tests but still danger of virus transmission via blood transfusion is high in some regions. The objective of this study was to determine the trend of seroprevalence of hepatitis B in over an 11-year period (2005–2015). Methods: In this study, 355,083 blood donors were estimated for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) seropositivity during 2005–2015 who referred to blood infusion centers of Lorestan province. Third-generation ELISA method was used to detect HBs Ag. Results: The prevalence of HBs Ag in blood donors was 0.29% (1017). It was decreased steadily from 2005 to 2015 (0.68% to 0.12%) but increased in 2008 year. The trend prevalence of HBs Ag seropositivity significantly decreased over the study period (P < 0.001). The decline in HBV infection rates was more prominent in regular and repeated donor's groups compared to people who donated blood for the first time (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The result of present study was indicated, Lorestan city in west of Iran can be classified as a low-income region because the low prevalence of HBs Ag in blood donors. Also the prevalence of HBs Ag in first-time donors was higher than other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ahmadi Vasmehjani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Yaghubi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Yousef Erfani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Teshran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zamaneh Hajikhezri
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shayestehpour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Omid Ali Adeli
- Department of Public Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Beiranvand
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.,Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Khoramabad, Iran
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3
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Jamshidi S, Bokharaei-Salim F, Esghaei M, Bastani MN, Garshasbi S, Chavoshpour S, Dehghani-Dehej F, Fakhim S, Khanaliha K. Occult HCV and occult HBV coinfection in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3354-3364. [PMID: 32232978 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome in liver biopsy or peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) specimens in the absence of detectable HCV-RNA in plasma of the people with or without anti-HCV antibodies has defined as occult HCV infection (OCI), whereas occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) is detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome in the absence of traceable hepatitis B surface antigen in the plasma samples of patients. The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of OBI and OCI in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. In this cross-sectional research, 190 Iranian HIV-infected individuals were enrolled from September 2015 to February 2019. All participants were tested regarding various serological markers for HCV and HBV infections. Viral RNA and DNA were extracted from plasma and PBMC specimens, and the presence of HCV-RNA in plasma and PBMC samples was tested using reverse transcriptase-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), HBV viral load was determined in plasma samples using COBAS TaqMan 48 Kit, and also the presence of the HBV-DNA in PBMC samples was tested by real-time PCR. In this study, the prevalence of OBI and OCI in HIV-infected individuals was 3.1% and 11.4%, respectively. The genotypes of HCV in the patients with OCI were as follows: 57.1% were infected with subtype 3a, 35.7% were infected with subtype 1a, and 7.1% was infected with subtype 1b. It is noteworthy that in this study, two patients (1.1%) had OCI/OBI coinfections. The present study revealed that 1.1% of Iranian HIV-infected individuals had OBI and OCI at the same time. Therefore, it seems that designing prospective surveys to determine the presence of this coinfection in HIV-infected individuals is informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogol Jamshidi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esghaei
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Navid Bastani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Garshasbi
- Vice Chancellor for Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Chavoshpour
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahin Fakhim
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Payame Noor University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khanaliha
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Etemad K, Khodakarim S, Sharhani A, Noroozi A, Higgs P, Gheibipour H. Estimation of direct and indirect effects of risk behaviors on HCV infection among people who inject drugs in Kermanshah, Iran: a path analysis study. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2019.1675783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koorosh Etemad
- Department of Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Khodakarim
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asaad Sharhani
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Noroozi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Higgs
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Hamid Gheibipour
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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5
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Sinha MK, Raghuwanshi B, Mishra B. Menace of Hepatitis C virus among multitransfused thalassemia patients in Balasore district of Odisha state in India. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:2850-2854. [PMID: 31681654 PMCID: PMC6820385 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_449_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a potential cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is most commonly transmitted through injecting drug use; the reuse or inadequate sterilization of medical equipment and the transfusion of unscreened blood products. Management of thalassemia requires long-term blood transfusion. Though it improves the overall survival, it carries a definite risk of infection which is expected to be higher in resource limited settings. AIMS To find the percentage of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in multitransfused patients of thalassemia in Eastern India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN The study was conducted to assess blood safety in rural population in India by measuring the percentage of TTIs including HCV in multitransfused thalassemia patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS One hundred and twenty three patients with major beta-thalassemia were enrolled in this study. The blood samples were tested using ELISA technique for all TTIs. HIV fourth generation kits, HbsAg, HCV third generation kits, malaria and syphilis, parbovirus IgM and parbovirus IgG kits, HEV Antigen and IgM antibody were used. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Proportions and means were calculated for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Chi-square test was applied and P value of <0.05 was taken as significant. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 9.5 years ± 5.2 years. Among various TTIs, Hepatitis C and HIV was prevalent among 59.3% and 4.1% of the study participants, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The causes of high prevalence of HCV may be due to donors being usually asymptomatic in early stages, despite being screened for HCV possibly due to missing early window period infections. The screening methodology of TTIs particularly HCV at the district and village level and consequent increased prevalence of HCV in multitransfused rustic population of India shows the extent of blood safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithilesh K. Sinha
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Babita Raghuwanshi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bijayanimala Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
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6
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Hashiani AA, Sadeghi F, Ayubi E, Rezaeian S, Moradi Y, Mansori K, Gholamaliei B, Mohammadbeigi A, Khazaei S. Prevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B and C Virus Co-infections among Iranian High-Risk Groups: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Malays J Med Sci 2019; 26:37-48. [PMID: 31303849 PMCID: PMC6613465 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-infection with hepatitis B and C among HIV infected patients are prevalent among high-risk populations. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV co-infections among high-risk populations in Iran. We systematically searched the national and international electronic databases until 2016. The primary outcome was the prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and HIV co-infections in different high-risk populations in Iran. All English and Persian studies conducted on Iranian high-risk groups were included in the study. The review was reported based on PRISMA guidelines and data were analysed at 95% confidence level using random effect models. Overall, 916 relevant papers were recognised and 14 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimates of HBV/HCV, HCV/HIV, HBV/HIV and HBV/HCV/HIV were 1.3% (95%CI: 0.5–2.1), 16.3% (95%CI: 1.1–31.6), 0.5% (95%CI: 0–1.4) and 0.5% (95%CI: 0.2–0.8), respectively. Based on subgroup analysis, there was a higher proportion of all co-infections from the years 2010–2016 as compared to that of the years 2003–2009. Our results highlighted that HCV/HIV co-infection in Iranian high-risk groups including injection drug users (IDUs) and prisoners is common. In addition, the increasing trend of coinfections should be considered alarming for policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Almasi Hashiani
- Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran and Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Farzin Sadeghi
- Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Erfan Ayubi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shahab Rezaeian
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Mansori
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Behzad Gholamaliei
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Salman Khazaei
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Nio Y, Sasai M, Akahori Y, Okamura H, Hasegawa H, Oshima M, Watashi K, Wakita T, Ryo A, Tanaka Y, Hijikata M. Bardoxolone methyl as a novel potent antiviral agent against hepatitis B and C viruses in human hepatocyte cell culture systems. Antiviral Res 2019; 169:104537. [PMID: 31207277 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antiviral drugs against hepatitis B virus (HBV) relieve symptoms experienced by patients with hepatitis; however, these drugs cannot eliminate HBV infection from all patients completely. On the other hand, direct antiviral agents (DAAs) against hepatitis C virus (HCV) can achieve near-complete elimination of HCV infection. However, recent reports have claimed that DAAs pose a risk for HBV reactivation among patients with HBV and HCV co-infection. This suggests that an effective anti-viral strategy for both HBV and HCV would be extremely useful. We hypothesized that an activator of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2) could be a candidate, because heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a product of the Nrf2-target gene, was shown to be related to suppression of genome replication in both HBV and HCV. In this study, the potential of bardoxolone methyl (BARD), an Nrf2 activator, was examined in cell culture systems against HBV and HCV. We investigated that BARD had a suppressive effect on the production of extracellular HBV DNA in several HBV culture systems. In addition, BARD treatment reduced the levels of intracellular HBV pregenome RNA (pgRNA), a transcript from the HBV genome and a template of HBV genome replication. HCV genome replication was also suppressed in HCV subgenomic replicon-bearing cells by BARD treatment. BARD might be a novel treatment for patients with HBV and HCV co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Nio
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Pharmaceutical Research Division, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Machiko Sasai
- Laboratory of Tumor Viruses, The Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Grad. Sch. of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuichi Akahori
- Laboratory of Tumor Viruses, The Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Grad. Sch. of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hitomi Okamura
- Laboratory of Tumor Viruses, The Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Grad. Sch. of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hikari Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Tumor Viruses, The Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Grad. Sch. of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mizuki Oshima
- Department Of, Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department Of, Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department Of, Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicinal Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Hijikata
- Laboratory of Tumor Viruses, The Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Grad. Sch. of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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8
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Nagata N, Nishijima T, Niikura R, Yokoyama T, Matsushita Y, Watanabe K, Teruya K, Kikuchi Y, Akiyama J, Yanase M, Uemura N, Oka S, Gatanaga H. Increased risk of non-AIDS-defining cancers in Asian HIV-infected patients: a long-term cohort study. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1066. [PMID: 30400779 PMCID: PMC6219071 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the long-term risks of non-AIDS defining cancers (NADCs) are limited, especially in Asians. The incidence of NADCs may correlate with the epidemiological trend of cancers or oncogenic infection in each country, and thus the target cancers would be different between Western and Asian countries. We aimed to elucidate the incidence of NADCs and its predictive factors in Asian HIV-infected patients. METHODS Subjects were HIV-infected patients (n = 1001) periodically followed-up for 9 years on average. NADCs were diagnosed by histopathology and/ or imaging findings. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated as the ratio of the observed to expected number of NADCs for comparison with an age-and sex-matched general population. Cox's proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR). RESULTS During the median follow-up of 9 years, the 10-year cumulative incidence of NADCs was 6.4%.At NADC diagnosis, half of patients presented at age 40-59 years and with advanced tumor stage. Compared with the age-and sex-matched general population, HIV-infected patients are at increased risk for liver cancer (SIR, 4.7), colon cancer (SIR, 2.1), and stomach cancer (SIR, 1.8). In multivariate analysis, a predictive model for NADCs was developed that included age group (40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and ≥ 70 years), smoker, HIV infection through blood transmission, and injection drug use (IDU), and HBV co-infection. The c-statistic for the NADCs predictive model was 0.8 (95%CI, 0.8-0.9, P < 0.001). The higher 10-year incidence rate of NADCs was associated with increasing prediction score. CONCLUSIONS Liver and colon cancer risk was elevated in Asian HIV-infected individuals, similar to in Western populations, whereas stomach cancer risk was characteristically elevated in Asian populations. Half of Asian NADC patients were aged 40-59 years and had advanced-stage disease at diagnosis. Periodic cancer screening may be warranted for high-risk subpopulations with smoking habit, HIV infection through blood transmission or IDU, and HBV co-infection, and screening should be started over 40 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyoshi Nagata
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishijima
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Ryota Niikura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yokoyama
- Department Director, Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama, 351-0197 Japan
| | - Yumi Matsushita
- Department of Clinical Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Koji Watanabe
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Katsuji Teruya
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kikuchi
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Junichi Akiyama
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Mikio Yanase
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Naomi Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1, Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-8516 Japan
| | - Shinichi Oka
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Gatanaga
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
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9
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Nematollahi S, Ayubi E, Almasi-Hashiani A, Mansori K, Moradi Y, Veisani Y, Jenabi E, Gholamaliei B, Khazaei S. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among high-risk groups in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health 2018; 161:90-98. [PMID: 29935474 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determination of the true burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among high-risk groups relies heavily on occurrence measures such as prevalence, which are vital for implementation of preventive action plans. Nevertheless, up-to-date data on the prevalence of HCV infection remain scarce in Iran. This study aimed to review the relevant literature systematically and determine the pooled prevalence of HCV infection among high-risk groups in Iran. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review & meta-analysis. METHODS In 2016, electronic scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and local databases were searched using a detailed search strategy with language restricted to English and Farsi. The reference lists of the studies included in this review were also screened. Data were reviewed and extracted independently by two authors. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. Sources of heterogeneity among the studies were determined using subgroup analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS In total, 1817 records were identified in the initial search, and 46 records were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of HCV among high-risk groups was 32.3%. The prevalence was 41.3% in injection drug users (IDUs), 22.9% in prisoners, 16.2% in drug-dependent individuals and 24.6% in drug-dependent prisoners. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses revealed that geographical location and year of publication were the probable sources of heterogeneity. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis found a high prevalence of HCV among high-risk groups in Iran, particularly among IDUs. There is a need for prevention strategies to reduce the burden of HCV infection among high-risk groups, particularly IDUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nematollahi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Ayubi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - A Almasi-Hashiani
- Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Mansori
- School of Public Health, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Y Moradi
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Y Veisani
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - E Jenabi
- Pediatric developmental disorders Research center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - B Gholamaliei
- Department of Health Education, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - S Khazaei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Hepatitis C virus infection among illicit drug users in an archipelago of the Amazon. Arch Virol 2017; 163:617-622. [PMID: 29164400 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes acute and chronic liver disease and may lead to cirrhosis, liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma. The behavior of illicit drug users (DUs) typically exposes them to risks of viral infection. In the Brazilian Amazon region, a number of studies have identified high rates of drug use among adolescents, and a high prevalence of HBV infection in DUs, disseminated by sexual and parenteral activities. However, the epidemiological scenario of HCV infection in the region is still poorly understood. This study determined the prevalence, genotypes, and risk factors for HCV infection among DUs of the Marajó Archipelago. This cross-sectional study collected samples and epidemiological information from DUs in 11 municipalities. The diagnosis was established by EIA and real-time PCR, and the samples were genotyped by multiplex real time PCR. The data were analyzed by simple and multiple logistical regression. In 466 DUs, 28.3% had anti-HCV antibodies, and 25.5% had HCV-RNA. In 92 injecting drug users, 88.0% had anti-HCV antibodies, and 80.4% had HCV-RNA. Genotypes 1 and 3 were detected, with three cases of mixed infections. The multivariate analysis indicated associations of HCV infection with age (≥ 35 years), tattoos, intravenous drug use, shared use of injection equipment, and the daily and long-term (> 3 years) use of illicit drugs. These findings will contribute to the development of effective measures for the prevention of HCV infection among Brazilian DUs, as well as its general population.
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